An essay on the archæology of our popular phrases and nursery rhymes

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.'^1'

A SUPPLEMENT

TO THE TWO VOLUMES OF THE SECOND EDITION

oy

THE ESSAY

ON THE

ARCHJEOLOGV

OF OUR

POPULAR PHRASES, TERMS,

AND

NURSERY RHYMES.

BY

JOHN BELLENDEN KER, Esq.

Concedat laurea lingufls. Ctc*

I I »

ANDOVER:

^BINTBD BY JOHN KINO, HIGH 8TBBBi*«

1840.

Immers ik lieb alle deelen en byzonderheden der
Spraak, in het algemeen en bi/zonder, en tot in het
tninate, gelracht na te aporen, en dus op le helderen
itiei sfechts, maar te doen verstaan. Ntet getrackt
extern hi't klapjjen te leeren, vtaar menschen reier
faezen rfdenlyk is, aan de reden te verbinden en vers-
tcmdelyk te leeren epreken, 'tgeen niet andera U, of
magi zijn, dan zyn denken en gevoelen in worden te
oiten. Bilderdyk.

My intention has always teen, to trace all the parts
and peculiarities of Language up to the minutest parti-
cles of it's consistence, and thus not merely to display
it, but to make it evident to the understanding. I am
not trying to instruct magpies how to chatter, but to
ncite 'Man, as a rational heing, with his distinctive
Faculty, and to teach him to speak in accordance with
tbat Faculty ; which is, or should be, no other than to
ezpreaa hU thoughts and feelings in congruent articu>
lation.

SOIil

PREFACE

-0— ^

For the guidance and principle by which the ensuing
contents are brought forward, I refer to the four pre-
faces contained in the first of the two volumes of the
second edition of this Essay.

However distinct in appearance, the primitive and
now usual form may be to the eye, the enunciation or
sound, adopting the then pronunciation of oilr language,
will be found identical, and is the real clue to their true
import, at least as &r as regards customary colloquial
phrases and te^s. But on the score of Nursery
Rhymes, as they are now called, the unparallelled cor-
ruption of verbal intercommunication, from circumstan-
ces (as well as time) peculiar to our country, has afforded
our Friarhood of a subsequent day a mean to muffle
up, in a precise indentity of sound, terms, either carry-
ing no rational import in connection, or else one utterly
irrelevant to the original sense, and was intended by this
crafty tool of the Pope, then established here, to ob-
literate, or at least disarm of danger, this popular and
bitter display of the disgust of the naturally and truly
religious Heathen Saxon at having a greedy, and to
him heretical mountebank, imposed upon him. In the
smothering of these pungent, and then truly favourite
and popular satyrisings of this tool of superstition,^

U. PRBfACB.

the crafl and ingenuity of those interested in so doingt
have been displaj'ed by returning the exact cadence and
sound of the ori^nals, and thus preserving at least a share
of their popularity to the eye and ear of their dupes ;
whilehowever it left, unforeseeingly, to future research
themeana of reviving them. Of the fluctuating utter-
ance represented by letter, none of us need be advised,
when we have before our eyes, that of the vowel a, in
flea, eea, aoap, may, say, damn, elate, glad, tread,
thread, S(c.; oteia deed, creed, fled, lead, knee, sure,
some, head, ^c. ; of the i in clipped, tie, night, a^e,
ditty, certain, plain, phial, bird, (fc. In the saxoo
day y, i had the sound, as now with the firench of ee, e,
•nd undotted, i. e. y, a» with ub now ; v, at the beginning
of a word in dutch, is as^" with us.

To suppose the present form of these, with us, still
imiversally popular tunes, was that of their original
devisers, would be to assume an unexampled misuse of
the human understanding, and, taking their mess of
noosenae, true sense, and gratifying cadence, into ac
count, I may safely say, not only an absurdity, but
an impossibihty. The original form has been hertf
traced hy the tme and simple clue of sound-sense, that
is, identity of sense from sound; and the tenonr of all
I have yet tried, has been expreaaion of the reasons of
thu Heathen SaxoQ for not receiving one who disturbed
bis &mily and publick [leace, and who disgusted him by
■n tnc<Hnpi«henaible dogma ; betides the having to &ed
Un out of haid-earoed means.

)lt)ra0e0 anil ;davtn00

WHICH BY THEIR LITERAL FORM DO NOT BEAR OUT

THE MEANING THEY ARE USED IN, AND TERMS

NOT YET SATISFACTORILY ACCOUNTED FOR.

I WISH MY CAKE WAS DOUGH AGAIN.

As the well known expression attributed to those whose
fate in marriage has not corresponded with their antici-
pation seems. Ei / w' hissche my keke was d' houw
er geen ; q. e. what is it that wispers within me repent-
ance ! Oh that there was no such thing as marriage !
Eh ! how comes this reproachful feel within me ! would
that matrimony had never been invented ; a sentence
resounding precilbly into the travesty, and carrying the
original form and that meaning which the literal form
has acquired by inheritance and use. The hei ! of the
latin is the dutch eif Eh ! probably the ground of
heyen^hijen^ to work hard, to drive piles, and as the burst
(^ sound that comes from him with the stroke he makes
at each down-sent effort; rd^wie, how? in what way?
hischs, the present tense of kisschen, to mutter, to buzz,
to wisper: houwy marriage, matrimony; geen, none,
not any, no such thing as ; not one ; keke, reproach,
check.

BAD.

The adjective; seems, Jy had: q, e. looked upon, or
reckoned that which is to be laid aside ; held as to be

Eut away, and so as that which is unfit or improper to
ave, to deal with, to use, say, see, feel. The travesty
and original sound alike. The latin habere, the italian
avere, our to have, Spanish ater, the french avoir, the

2 ARCHEOLOGY OP

the german hahen^ and the dutch hchhen^ are a same
word, and had^gehad^ the preterite of the latter or dutch
form, as well as of our to have^ as to hold, to possess,
to regard, to estimate, to reckon. ^ had man^ is one
to be avoided, not to be dealt with, passed by, put from ;
a had a^le^ one not fit for use; a had pain, is a pain
to be got rid of, put by or aside ; he his very had of a
fever y he is in a very undue, unfit state from a fever,
owing to a fever ; a had hook, is a book not fit to read,
one to be put, laid aside ; a hadly made coat, is a coat
unfit to wear, or be seen. Johnson derives had from
the dutch quaed, kwa^d, which has the same import,
but no relation in point of sound or letter. By, hij,
by, aside.

THE NEARER THE CHURCH, THE FARTHER PROM GOD.

Construed in any way, a purely absurd text, a senseless,
but generally known dictum. What can domiciliary
station have to do with that of relation to the Creator,
with that of either nearness to or distance from the
Deity ? I take it to be the re-echo of the dutch or saxon
words ; die nie hpe^ ryeW, die schie keersche de vaer
seer voor om gehod ; q, e. the one who troubles no
one, who is order itself, this is the one the friar so much
renowned for circumventing, soon makes himself mas-
ter of; it's the quiet peaceable one that the notoriously
beguiling priest gets his hold over ; inferring that the
independent and high-minded one is beyond their reach,
those who think for themselves, they never attempt to
impose upon. It should be always kept in mind in con-
siitruing that any number of vowds can only sound as
one, nie hi)e sounds nea ; ryeW, rer; voor om,from; schie
heersche, church ; vaer seer, as we pronounceyor^/^^r,
viz., as we do farther, the adverb ; gehod ^ God. Die,
he who ; nie, never, no one ; hife, vexes, molests ;
rije, order, system, propriety; schie, schier, schielijck,
soon, quickly, at once; A^^r^cA^, masters, domineers
over vaer, vader, father, the then customary appellation
of the monk, friar, priest; the father of a content, vi^

I^RSIERY RHYMJ^S. 3

the member of; the one belonging to a convent ; a father
confessor^ a priest who confesses others, examines them;
seer^ very much, highly ; voor^ for ; om^ am, encircling,
circumventing, taking in, surrounding, enclosing, and
thus taking in, humbugging, getting round one, whence
our huniy as an inarticulate sound, buzzing, and to hurriy
as to deceive, delude, take in ; and also to try,- to catch,
or to take within, set about making the tune, or song, a
cadence ; to take in, receive in a tune or song ; whence
probably the greek umnos, canticle, and OMxhymn, as that
which is sung ; as well as the latin prefix am ; ambire,
to circumvent, to go about^ to go round, ambage, cir-
cumvention, going round about, getting round, and so
a taking in. From heersche, we have our harsh, a
harsh man is a domineering man, in the infinitive
heerschen, to domineer, master, overrule ; t?aer, vader,
has blfeen already accounted for in the Essay ; Oo^,
gehod, held high, esteemed, valued, is accounted for
under its separate head in these pages. Friar, as con-
fessor, priest, inquisitor, one of an inquisition, pryer
into, seems the ai«on or dutch vaere hye' r ; q. e. tor-
ment to the timid one, to timidity; torturing those
who are weak-minded by nature, as well as the guilty
by trespass ; and implying with the sound-minded, the
one neither sconced by nature nor guUt, he is never
attended to, never wanted for prayer or, communication
with the Deity, with whom the intercourse of such is by
the conscience he has bestowed on them, and whose
worship and prayer consists in acting accprding to his
inspiration, and in the internal appeal and reference
to him as to all their acts and intercourse ; ^or oonscience
is no other than self-communication, and self, vnany^is
that which came from the hand of the Creator of all
things. Vaere hyer, sounds precisely as we pronounce
friar \ caere, the part. pres. of vaeren, to fear; hye,
vexing, molesting, teazing, troubling ; >, er, there ;
hyen, to vex, torment, hye, hying, in the ^ art. pres.
Johnson derives j^riar from the irenchfrere, as one of
a*same convent or family, a brother ; wUence l\\^ \^\\xv

4 ARCHiBOLOaY OF

frere was adopted by Chaucer in a ^ame Mnse, and
fr^re seems the dutch vrekW ; q. e, peace there, in the
sense of. the natural instinct between, amon^ brothers,
as well as all others ; that which nature ordamed in one
case, and utility or necessity in the other ; hvXfrkre
would never mske friar either by sound or letter, and
is not the source of that word. The phrase^^ar God /
in the import, respect ; his commands, is I take it, the
dutch mer God ! worship, honour, adore pod ! vier,
the imperativeof i?fer^w, to worship, to serve, to celebrate
to honour, to respect, original and travesty sound alike.
I fear no man^ seems hye mere no man; q» e, he
that works hard need adulate no one, hard work is
obliged to no man, respects no one, makes independent,
makes bowing and scraping unnecessary, makes a man
happy. Prater^ the latin term for brother, seems, lore^
heefr ; q, e, peace is the command there, nature has
ordained peace there ; a same word with the italian^ra/^,
fratello; f^ree, vrede^ vreedey'pea.ce ; heet, speaks, orders.
Fere, fear J the obsolete term for companion, playfellow,
seems the above viere, in the sense of the one to whom
attention is paid, respect shown; service to one and the
other ; the one cultivating the good will of the other.
To use fear in the direct or untravestied sense of the
word in respect to our Creator is unnatural ; is he that
made us what we are, created us after his own image
and likeness, is he to be held as the being that so made
us that we are by way of return to hold him in dread,
an object pf terror, horror ? and to believe he has so
inspired us, is as unnatural as that we should adore
and worship him, obey his instigations, is natural and
true ; fear in the direct sense is here what the hypocrite
may assume, the timid be artfully instilled to feel, and
that which the guilty naturally feel, but not the sound
innocent and duly thinking.

"But sothly what so men 'hem call,
"Frere prechours ben gode men all,^
"Their order wickedly thei beren,

yUMSBRT BHX^BS. 5

''Soche minstiellis if that the! weren.

** So ben *{XiH^u8tin8y and cordileres,

" And carmiSy and eke sackid fbbbes,

" And all the frbris shode and bare." Chaucer.

" To the II clepe, thou goddess of tounnent,

" Thou cruil wight, sorrowing ay in paine,

" Help me, that am the wofull instrument,

" That helpeth lovirs, as I can complaine ;

" For sit it, the sothe for to saine,

" A woftil wight to have a drery fere,

" And to a so'rowful tale a sory chere.** Idem,

" But feir Clarissa to a lovely fear,

"Was linked, and by himhadmany pledges dear,^ Spenser

* Names of different orders of monkhood jIugiMfttw, Cordeliers^
Carmelites, Capuchins as clothed in a sacklike loose coarse garment,
whence also sack as the name of the once fashionable gown of t\i<*
women of the upper classes when dressed for company, the same
word with the dutch sack in the import of a large bag. Sackid
is clothed in a sack-like gown, the preterite of a now obsolete verb
in that sense. Sackcloth^ is clothing which resembles a sack ui
material and form ; and the type of superstitious mortitication.

U speak, tell my case, tell to, as the first person of the dutch
klappen, kleppetiy klipperiy to tell, to chat, to rattle, to clap, founded
on, clapf as the imitation or mimicking of tiie sound made by strik-
ing one hand on the other or on any thing else, and thus an onoma-
lopy or sound sense. The audience clapped the actors, the audieuce
told, expressed, sounded their sense of the actors, as opposed to the
sound of the hiss of disapprobation ; and a clap as the disease, is as
the disease that tells what he who has it has been about, speaks for
itself. Op de clap leeven, is to live by your chit chat or garrulity ;
to be invited, feasted for the sake the stories he tells in society. But
in the phrase, to clap into prison, and also as to the scotch expression
to clip, in the import of to embrace, to hold tight in the arms, the
source of clap^ and clip is from the dutch libbe, lebbe, ruunet, that
which is used to divide milk into curds and whey, and thus as the
divisor of them, whence, by adding the completive ge^ g, we have
gelibhen^ gelebben, to act as rennet does, that is divide, separate,
take off curds and whey from the milk, and then by custom, turned
into the import of to clip off, cut qj[fy to clap up, in an indefinite
sense, b and p being interchanging or reciprocating sounds. In this
way the dutch have their gelubben, to castrate, to geld, which is no
other than lubben from the substantive lubbe, testicle, and the

6 ARCHiEOLOGT OF

completive ge^ and thus to cut off thetettide, in the same way that
to head a man or treCt is to behead, to cut or take off the head,
without the completive be.

« A BEE IN THE BONNET.

Something that has vexed, angered, deranged the head
or mind of. the one in point ; seems, er bi; h^e inne de
bonnet ; q, e. by that vexation, rage, gets into the head ;
thereby something which frets, torments, puts him into
a deranged state of mind, has got within the bonnet,
cap, hat, and is that which holds and covers the head,
the brains,, the type of intellect, mind ; he has taken ill
something that has passed, been said, or done. Bonnet
is the same word with the dutch bonnet^ bonet, and the
french bonnet, in the import of hat, cap ; a scotchbonnet,
is the hat of a Scotchman ; ca^ in Itand, is ha tin hand,
the grenadier's cap, the bonnet^ head cover of that
class of soldier, and neither term was originally re-
stricted to either the bonnet or the cap of the female ;
in the above phrase it is the type of the head or brains,
as the container of both ; Uije, vexation, vexing, tor-
menting, troubling, also panting, labouring hard ; bij,
by, by, through ; bij. kije, sounds bee^ any sequence of
vowels can sound but as one, our be, and bee sound
alike. Hind, 8er\ant, labourer, peasant, seems as
hyend; q» e. working hard, the labouring one, he who
lives by working; the part. pres. of hijen, hijgen,
hygen, hyghen, to labour, to gasp, to pant as he does
who runs or goes on along in haste, but tJie hind, as the
female of the stag or hart,, seems,- t?i^ hy innd; q, e,
that which he goes into, in relation to what passes in
the rutting season of that race of animals ; and hind
is the ellipsis df hind-deer, she of the kind ; hy, he ;
innd the preterite of innen, to go into ; to receive
within ; in both instances original and travesty sound
the same.

'"^ Lord****one would suppose had got a bee in his
BONNET, from the insane fashion in which he declaims
on this subject J' Spectator, Nervsp, no. 470. p. 601 .

IfUilSERT RHYMES 7

" A couple of Ford's knaves, his hinds, were called by
their mistress, to carry me in the name of foul cloaths
to Datchet-lane." Shakesp,

" The dutch, who came like greedy hinds before,

" To reap the harvest their ripe, ears did yield." Dry den,

" He cloth'd himself in coarse array,
•* A laboring hind to show." Idem.

" How he slew, with glancing dart amiss,
** A gentle hind, the which die lovely boy
*' Did love as life." Spenser,

" Can'st thou mark when the hinds do calve ?" Joh,

To LET LOOSE THE DOGS OF WAR.

A known expression in tlie import of to commence war-
fare with the due means of carrying it on ; seems, toe
let loos die dog^s cfwaere ; q. e, to defeat, impede,
the plotting one the secret is warding off; to obstruct,
embroil him who is contriving mischief, the most effi-
cacious way is to prepare a due defence ; both phrases ^.a
are analogous in sound and sense. Toe^ to, for; letyi/^A^^^'*
lette, impeding, stopping, hindering ; loos, clandestine •^ "^ ' '"^''
contriver of mischief, rascal, rogue, skulker, lurker;
die, that which ; dog, -doog, doogh, efficacy, virtue,
value, avail, credit, merit ; s,is is ; ofwctere, the part,
pres. of af'Waeren, af-rveern, to guard against, ward
off. To go to the dogs ; to incur complete ruin, to
become bankrupt; seems, toe go^, toe de dog's ; q. e.
property gone, consequence is gone with it ; goods at an
end, an end to importance ; no money, no credit, that
which gave importance in relation to station in society goSs
with the means of keeping it, at least that is the usual
case with the world ; dog, refers to talent, industry, in
fact to all merit either of mind, body, or purse, bog-
weary, much fatigued, very tired, knocked up, seems,
doge rvaere hie ; q. e. being long upon the legs tells at
last ; going up and down has the effect I expected ;
.wandering about has its .usual effect on one, that is,

8 AtteHifto&o«T or

fatigues, tires, wears out ; doge^ the third person
potential mood of dogen^ dooghen^ deughen, to have
an effect, to come into account, value, worth, effect; to
tell or speak for itself; waeren^ to wander about, to
perambulate, to go round and round, to travel about,
to be upon one's legs, indefinitely. The DogSy
as andirons, fire-iirons, formerly the only ^ate we
had in kitchen or parlour ; still in use, and in many
old seats and &rm-houses in some of our counties,
seems, die dogs ; q, e. these for the purpose ; these are
what suit, these are the service, these are use ; here of
course in' reference to the fire or the place it was made
in, and for which purpose wood was then used, probably
the ellipsis of mer^dogSj fire-dogs ; dogs, the plural of
the above explained dog ; the dutch have two plural
terminations 8 and en,

" Oh ! master, master, I have watch'd so long,
" That I am dog-weary." Shdkesp.

" He woke, and told his fellow what he w^/^^ (dreamed)
"And pray'd him his voyage for to LJffrrRyfstop, defer J
" As for that day he pray'd for to abide." Chaucer.

" If you strike an entire body, as an andiron of brass,
at the top, it maketh a more treble soimd, and at the
bottom a baser." Sacon.

" DoG,^ a creature well known, also an Andiron/'

Bailey^ 8 Diet, second edition,

FRACTIOUS.

Peevish, humoursome, discourteously indifferent to the
controul of the temper, petulant ; seems, veracht hie
hou's; q. e. in this case courtesy is contemned; here
is he who despises civility, who disregards the feelings
of others ; a barbarian ; and can, from the nature of the
term, refer to none but man, we cannot say a fractious
horse, bear, monkey, hog, &c. ; veracht, the past part :

VVBSBKH SHWIS. D

o£ wraehimi^ to n^lect, to despise, to hold cheap,
4M>iuid8 fract ; kte, hier^ here, whence the french iff
and our hero, here I am; il ya des gens qtd diaent^
there are people who aay ; n'p cUlezpcbS^^ d(^t go firom-
here, and equivalent to, don't go there ; fy-sids^ I h^Tie
IX take it within me, I understand it,. I am up to it ;
Jtou^ hmie^ houde^ affability, address, due comportment,
civility, mildness of manner, behaviour; grounded in
ha'uen^ houden^ to comport, to behave, to conduct, in
reference to that which it becomes a human being to
show and maintain ; we say familiarly, or rather jokingly,
came behave yourself I in the sense of come do as you
ought to do, conduct yourself properly, an expression
generally used to some one from whom another con-
duct ia feared ; our to hoJd^ to keep, is a same word
with hovden^ in its direct import of to holdy to keep^
both in a moral, as well as physical sense, to hold a
thing fast, is to keep a thing fast, to hold by an
opinion^ is to keep an opinion, not to part with it, to
have and to hold, is to possess and to keep ; / hold
thim cheap, I keep within me, in my mind, he is one of
no value ; I value him little ; think lowly of him ; I have
no hold upon him, I have no moral means of keeping
him; retaining him by the influence of my mind or
mental power: The dutch has the term hou, houw,
houd, holdy huld, in the sense of mUdy duly inclined
towards, favourable to, faith&l to ; 's, i*, is ; h being
no letter, the original is as veract-i-oU'S the terminal .
e having no sound, as in scene, glue, true, kc, and in
the old form of our language terminated almost all our
substantives; the same in the ftenoh; homme,.
femme,je pensCykc,

HE IS GONE TO. FIGHT THE BLACKS;

a roundabout form of saying, he is dead ; but £romblack
coming into it, and that being theimaginery hue of the
devil, not a courteous expression towards the deceased
in question; seems, hie is gae hin, toe veete, die
Nycke's ; q. e. here our old acquaintance is off, let all.

a.

10 . ARCHJC0L06Y OF

in regard to failings be forgotten, that this should be so
is as cleetr as daylight, is natural ; in this case a com-
panion associate, has departed for ever, resentments
/should cease, that is certam ; he is gone, let all his &ult8
go with him, be buried in oblivion as they ought to be ;
de mortuis nil msi bonum, of the dead let no one speak
ill, was even a pagan sentiment ; ^ae, gaede^ com-
panion, fellow, one in whose company pleasure was
taken, one who pleased us ; and the -source of gaey^
with which onr gay ^ and the french gai are a same word ;
as is gaey, gay, jay, as the gay coloured bird ; toCy at
an end ; veete, the past part : of veeten, to hate to bear
resentment, enmity, hostility towards, with which our to
fight, in Uie sense of to act hostilely or inimically
towards, is a same word; when we fight it is because
we wish or feel we ought to resent that whirh has
been done ; in the sense of a soldier's fighting, it is as
he who is hired or made to fight the quarrel, to resent
the injuries, real or supposed, of he who does not like
to fight for them in person, who thinks it better
another should do it for him, unless he thinks he can
get more by doing it himself; veet, sounds fight, as
vied, veed, does feud, strife, quarrel, and veete, veede
veyde, vied, are dutch equivalents in the import of
strife, enmity, internal hatred, concealed spite;
hlycke's, is apparent, the part : pres : of hlycken, to
appear, to be clear, evident connected with hlicken, to
shine, to lighten, also to twinkle, and that with hleycken,
hleecken, to bleach, to become white, and thus to be freed
from darkness or blackness, and hlaecken, to flame, to
. blaze and so to shine or show itself; hleecken, and to bleach
are one word, and so are to black and blaecken, black
being the consequence or deposit of all flame, as
we may see by the chimney, or by the ceiling of the
room where lights are burnt. F'eet sounds fight, as
heet, said, does hight, our old form of said. The dutch
oogenblick, moment, is as the twinkling of an eye
an instant.

5. A BRIMSTONE.

A lacivious wanton, one that shows moxe wannth of

NURSERY rhymes;

11

constitution in regard to amorous desire than is be-'
coming; lust persoiiified, one where lewdness instead
of being concealed is exposed by looks and manner;,
seems, er hrernisf ho^n; q, e, in this one the ardour of.
desire is at the high pitch, in this case a burning need is
highly evident, lewdness is here at its highest mark.
Brerriy hremme^ is the substantized part. pres. of the
antiquated dutch hremen^ to brimme, to be in heat, to
feel all on .fire to be gratified or satisfied, to wish
strongly; with which the italian hramare is a same word ;
and so are our obselete, to breme, to brimme, to burn
either physically or morally, in mind or body; grounded
in the dutch berneriy barnen, branden, with which
our to burn, and brand are a same word, and of which
first form our old to bren and the german brinnen are
a metathesis or letter transposition. From branden we
have our brand, as burning substance, to brand, to
mark by heated iron or other suitable matter, and bran-
dy, as the produce of wine heated by fermentation ; also
to burnish, to make to shine, to brighten, as a quality
of fire produced by what is dpne ; to burnish gold, is
to make it shine or glow. T, te, to, up to, at, at the
point; JiO, hoo, hoogh, high; fhuis, at home' ; '«, in,
within. Brimstone, sulphur, belongs to the same
original form, and is as matter or mean so full of the
nature of fire that it is the readiest of all other to be
tmned into it, to be lighted ; and thus the type of in-
flammability, fire: taking, taking fire.

** He was ware of Arcite and Polemon

" That foughten 'brsme, as it were bullis two." Chaucer, *

" But thomis sharpe more than inow

** There were, and also thisteles thicke,

" And breris ^brimme for to pricke." Idem,

" The noyse of peple upstert them atones,

*< As ^BRIMME as blase of straw is set on fire.'' Idem.

"' Upon the tressis of richesse

c3

13 AtacifMCiLoar or

"Was set a circle of noblesse,

" Of ^BRBNDE gold, that full light yshone." Idem.

** He saith that to be wedded is no sinne,

** Bettir 'tis to be weddid than *to brinne/' Idem.

1 Fiercely, with fury, with fire. SEager, on fire, to act, ready.
^Bummg, flaming ^ fuUqfJire, ^Bumished^ shining, ^o burn,

LEATHER OR PRUI7BLL0 ;

it is all leather or prunello, it is nothing worth
thinking of, not worth a thought, trumpery, nonsense ;
a well Imown expression ; seems, leye seer o^erjpry^n
el hou : q. e. sore suffering at the carrion being m the
keeping of another, at the wench, drab, worthless
woman's having left you for another; and thus as
repining for the riddance of an evil ; and what truer type
of useless unavailing stuff or nonsense? when spelt
prunella, the word is then pry^n el eeW ; q, e, the bitch,
wench you kept, is in the hands, power, of another. Ley
leydy leedy suffering; seer, very great; o'^r, over,
concerning, on account of, over ; pry^ prije, carrion
either in a direct or metaphorical sense, as with us, '^t,
in ; eli other, another ; hotL, holding, keeping, Jum,
houe, houde, the part : pres. Of hoyden, to keep, to
hold; ee, rule, law, power; V, er. there. Johnson
sdLjs prunello, is the stuff a clergyman's gown is made
of, and leaves leather -to take its chance ! !

" Worth makes the man, and want of it the *fellow
*' The rest is all but leather or prunello." Pope,

" Shall we send that foolish carrion, Mrs. Quickly, to
'^ him and excuse his throwing into the water." Shakes^

^Explained as to both the fair and foul import of the word
under its separate heads in this Essay.

CLOATHED IN SACK-CLOTH AND ASHES:;

As the garb of responsibility for sins ; generally delayed
to that stage when they cannot be easily committed, and
itnists to me close. of the ^career of 4ihe ^bad ^eak, ^^r

irURSlRT HHTHBS 13

priest-ridden ; from the good, inisocent, or'souiBif^minded
not called for hj the voice oF nature; naturallj
unrequired; seems, kef/e loo» heet in saechCy Jceye lose
hyend, aes schie's ; q, e, the fool calls in the conninff
one to the conference; the fool while listening aod
gasping becomes a sheer corpse; unsteady in his head
he calls in the pastor of the place, the wes^ headed one
listens in the concern, gasps, and becomes sheer carrion;
he hears what the priest has to say while in a state of
unconsciousness and then of course without answering
him, breathes his last; keye^ fool, one of unsound mind,
weak-headed; loos^ cunning, sly, one who has nothing
but his wits to live on ; heet, orders, calls for, with
which our old Mghi^ hyght, is a same word ; aaccke^
controversy, disputation, pleading ; alsp occasion cause,
reasoning; lose^ihe part: present of losen, to listen,
to hearken to, to lend an ear to: hyend^ part: present
of hyen, to gasp ; aes, carrion, corpse ; schi^, quite,
sheer, wholly ; «, is ; and is the expression of the half
reclaimed saxon heathen, the new-made catholicfc, the
unwilling victim of the intruded missionary. Original
and travesty have a same sound, hence the idea that
sackclGth .w[\dL a seat or nest of ashes, is the due mor-
tification for the sinner, the proper atonement for his
crimes ! if so, it is one that is not now, nor do I believe
'ever was put in practice by the d3ring or sick. It is a
mere fancy 9riginating in the travesty. In the article

BARTH TO EABTH, ASHES TO ASHES, DUST TO DUST; Voh

l.p. 160 of this Essay, it should be eerd toeeerdaes
schie*s^ toe aes schie's deyst, toe deyst ; q. e. earth
becomes food to earth, to food (carrion) it is (sunk)
,gone back, quite gone back, returned for ever ; scMe,
as explained in this article, the rest as explained in the
one cited. A literal acceptation of either of the above
phrases imports an absurdity, a rational impossibility
and could never have entered the head of a rational
being. How are we to wear ashes f are we ever
either ashes or dust, except in these travesties or fancy
iK>und8 ; The french sous le sac et sur la cendre^ under

14 ARCHiEOLOGT OF

the sack and upon the cinder, is, as in numerous other
analogous instances in that language, a mere literal
translation of the english travesty ; who ever has seen
or found any one under a sack and upon the cinder ^
who hut a madman could even he so supposed to he ?
original and travesty sound alike.

** To augment her painful penance more
" Thrice every week, in ashes she did sit, [Spencer.
" And next her wrinkled skin rough sackcloth wore."
" C'est ou elle a vue sur la carte des endroits quiT invitent
" afinir sa vie sous le sac etsur la q^isbvce.* MdeSevtgne^
It is there where she has seen upon the map places
which invite her to finish her life under the sack and
upon the cinder,

TO PASS THE HONET-MOON;

As, when speaking familiarly we say of a new-married
couple, they are gone to pass the honey-moon together ;
seems, te pas^ de hou-inne hije mue hun : q. e, it is
quite right, the visiting and receiving troubles tires
mem ; it is as it ought to be, for the congratulatings
and ceremonial visits molests and fatigues them; in
reference to their having retired, as is usually the case
from customary homes to some other temporary abode ;
the three ha bein^ no letters, a trial will show the
identity of sound between the original and travestied
forms. Tepas^ as it should or ought to be, adapted,
suited to or for, according to rule ; hou congratulation,
wishing joy, rejoicing expressed; innCy the part. pres.
of innen^ to receive within, to assemble within a place,
to crowd in ; hije^ troubles ; /wwe, muede^ moede^ moe^e,
tires, fatigues ; hun, them, the couple. The dutch have
the \eThpas8en\, to admire, to employ the attention, to
cause to think of, to attract notice, in the old form of
the part. pres. passing, which I take to be the same
word as in the vihreise passing fair, attractively hand-
some, beautiful to the degree of attracting notice

KTTRSBRT RHTMSS. 15

generally, and formed from the above explained adverb,
pas, properly, and properly fair y though not the usual
expression of the day is still a true one. My honey !
as the expression of tenderness from man to woman,
seems my hou in hie ; q, e, to me the joy within me,
the delight of my heart, my heart, my life ; hie, here :
hou, joy, cheer, adoration ; my, to me, with which the
french moi, tbe greek moe, emoi, theitalian me, the latin
mihi, and our me are a same word. Johnson places
the word honey in the above phrases to the account of
that word in its literal sense! A honey moon! A
woman of honey ! where are they to be seen ?

" A man should keep his finery for the latter season of
** marriage, and not begin to dress till the honey-moon
** is oyer,'' Addison,

" HONEY ! you shall be well desired in Cyprus ;

" I have found great love amongst them. Oh, my sweet,

" I prattle out of fashion, and I dote.'* Shakespear.

•" She was not only iPASsiNG/«ir,

" But was withal discreet anddebonnaire." Dry den,
" Oberon is ^passing ^fell and wroth,''^ Shakespear,

" As prayers ascend [^Donne.

"To heaven in troops at a good man's ^passing helV

'Properly, truly fair, a beauty. ^Properly, truly savage, fierce
in a fury, 3The funeral beU, the bell proper for, adapted, suited t«
a funeral, tbe bell used to announce to others that which is then
the occasion of its being used. 4Savage, furious, tbe dieltch/eJ in
the same sense.

A RAP ON THE KNUCKLES;

A rebuff for some equivocating reply in an argument
for some shuffling excuse for being wrong; seems, ^
hap hone, de nucke heVs ; q, e, there now take up with
pocket the affront, the shufflinjg is evident ; there see !
put up with^take the shame of it,, the trick is clear;.

16 AK^BMOljOaY OF

harvest (lie disgrace of it, the artifice speaks for iUelf ;
de mecke heVs sounds knticMes^ the k has no sound
before the n, knee sounds nee. To knuokley as to
yield up to, to give way to, to have done with a point
in question, seems, toe nucke, el I have done with this
shuffling, you slippery creature ; an end to this twisting
about, you eel ! J^iioke, artifice, trick, subtiltv, cunning
as opposed to wisdom, acuteness, equivocation, refine-
ment, and with which I take it, our knacky as readiness,
dexterity is a same word ; ^ is no letter before the «,
knee sounds nee ; he has the knack of doing it, he
has the trick, dexterity, he knows the trick, he knows
how to do it, hel, clear evident; el, ael, eel; hap,
catch, take, the imperative of happen. Toe nucke an
end to trickery, and toe coming mto the original form,
it has been adopted by u« for a verb, as in numberless
other instances. But knuckle in the direct sense of
that word is knockel in the same sense, and
grounded in knock, knake, a bone : whence our to
knock, to strike by the bone, the stroke of the bone ;
to knock at the door, is to strike the door with the
knuckles, not the palm of the hand, and when a
man is knocked down it is bv knuckle or bone of
the hand, not the palm, with that we slap; the
knocker of a door is the striker of the door, indefinitely,
and probably unknown at the period referred to in any
other form than the stroke of the knuckle; when we
rap at a parlour or bedroom door, it is by the knuckles.
Johnson thought that to knitckle, arose from the cus-
tom of striking the knuckles under the table, as the
j&miliar sign of submission, the knock under. But
the phrase of to knock under, as to change the way of
thinking, to give up an opinion to another, seems, te
no'ck ander; q, e,^l am forced to yield, I change from
necessity, I alter my way of thinking from being driven
to it by what you say the other way ; te no, necessarily,
from necessity ; wo, noo, nood, need, necessity ; ^ck, ick,
I ; ander, the present tense of anderen, to change, to
g[0 from one thing to another; ftpm the onginial.

NURSERY RHYMES^ 17

resounding into to knock under ^ the practical manoeuvre
of striking or a stroke under the table, which is actual-
ly done by some, as all have probably seen in the course
of their lives, if born fifty years ago.

A mortal;

The ellipsis of a mortal man ; wherever used, in the
substantive sense, it must necessarily relate to man ;
we can never call an animal^ a mortal^ neither can we
a bird, or fish ; a mortal^ in relation to a cow, or mon-
key would be absurd, laughable. The term seems to
be, er moord heijlman ; q, e. there death makes whole,
completes the man ; makes him what he was intended
to be, come to; fulfills the evident intention of his
Creator ; takes him from his present state to that for
which he is bom ; but of which he is to know nothing
here ; d and t are a same letter ; the italian morte, the
Spanish muerte, the french mort^ the latin mors^ mortis^
morte, and dutch moord, are the same word ; and so
are the latin mortaliSy the italian mortale, the french
mortel, in the substantive sense, with the above dutch
phrase and english term. We say there was not a
mortal tJtere, and mean, there was not a person there,
not a human being there. But mortal in the adjective
sense, as being subject to death, seems the dutch moord
hele ; q. e. there death conceals itself; lies hid; in-
ferring to come out nobody knows when; a mortal
woundy is a wound that ensures death sooner or later ;
and so is a mortal disease, Hele, the third person
pres. pot. mood of helen, to hide, to conceal. Murder
and the dutch moorder in a same sense, belong to this
stock, in reference to a cause of death, slaughter. In
some ancient documents, moord is written morth and
murder belatinized into murdrum. It need scarcely be
added the latin mortalitas, and our mortality, as sub-
jection to death belong here. The thema I take to
be mo-en, ma-en, to mow, to cut oflf, to take away
when cut; see v. 2. />. 12./. 3; a substantive form of
which is mo-er. mower, one that cuts off, cuts .down

18 ARCHAEOLOGY OF

with the scythe as the suitable means of so doing ; in
the frequentative form, mo-cren, of which the present
tense is mo-ert; q. e. cuts away continually, cuts oft
one after the other; and what else do we mean by
death personified? Mors qtmsi saxum Tantalo, sem-
per impendit, death hangs ever over us, like the stone
over Tantalus. It is this origin of the term mors, death,
that invests the personification of it, in all its pictorial
and statuary representations with the scythe, as the
tool of his trade, and which it has puzzled etymologists
to account specifically for. From ma-en, the dutch
have their maeden, maeijen, to mow, and we our mead
and meadow, as that which is mowed. Mars, martis,
the Deity presiding over slaughter, murder of war,
seems to belong dso there, as well as the latin adjective
mains, belonging to the season or time of. may, that of
mowing, which is indeed, as well as the french mai, a
same word with it ; and so is the latin substantive Majiis.
Hence also the latin manducare, to eat, to chew, to cut
with the teeth, the french monger, the italian mangiare,
and our to munch, to mounch, to maunch, and mange^
as the disease which eats into the flesh, the italian
macellaro, butcher, macello slaughter, mordere, to bite,
with which the french mordre is a same word ; meurtre,
murder, morior. mori, mortuus, to die, to be cut off";
dead ; taken away ; our morsel, a bit taken oflT from a
part, the same word with the dutch morsel, french
morceau, and latin morsus ; mortification, deadening,
ending in deadness ; morally, as taking down, extin-
guishing, cutting oflT insolence, arrogance, assumption,
of which to mortify is the verb ; as well many other
analogous words. We say, sh£ was cut off in the
flower of her youth, and mean, she died early in life ;
she was taken from us by a fever, she died of a fever,
she was cut off, taken from us by a fever; the whole
regiment was mowed down in this battle, was cut off.;
butchered in this battle.

.((

There rude impetuous rage does storm and fret.

NURSERY RHYMES, 19

" And there as master of this murdering brood,

" Swinging a huge scithe stands impartial deatt^y

" With endless business almost out of hx^dXh,'' Crashaw .

" When spight of cormorant devouring time,
*' The endeavour of this present breath may buy,
"That honour which shall 'bate his [^^a^A'« J scythe's

[keen edge,
" And makes lis heirs of eternity." Shakesp.

■^* I beg MORTALITY,

'* Bather than life preserved with infamy." Idem.

" Mortality cannot bear it o&.en.'' Drt/den.

" Say, sweet love, what thou desir'st to eat?
*'— Truly a peck of provender ; I could munch your

[good dry oats.'* Shakesp,

" A Sailor's wife had chesnuts in her lasp,

'* And mounchty and mouncht, and mouncht,'^ Idem,

OBS : But mortal y the adverb, in the sense of much,
vast, great, more than expected, surprizing ; has another
source, and seems m'Jtorte Jieel; q, e. with complete
surprize ; with entire astonishment; quite astounding;
and we say an astonishing quantity ; a surprizing
deal, in the sense of vast enormous deal, quantity ;
m\ mee, mede, with ; horte, the part : pres : o^horten,
hurteny 1>o strike, to shock, to suprize, to shake, and with
which our to hurt is a same word, to hurt a man's feel-
ings, is to shock his feelings ; heel, entire, complete ;
whence our hale and rvhole ; a halemanyi^ a man in com-
plete health ; a rvhole hody, is a complete uninjured body.
The french say, cela me frappe d'etonnementy that
5/;ri^^5 me with astonishment; cela me frappe V esprit ,
that strikes my mind ; the latin says, meum percutit
animumy that strikes liy mind, comes into my head. » ^4
morty in the same sense, is simply, er m'horte ; q. e,
there that which strikes, surprizes. We say, she is
strikingly ugly, and the french, elle est d' une laideur
frappantCy she is of an astonishing degree of ugliness.

d3

20 ARCHEOLOGY OF

4

Johnson calls them low and inelegant words, and derives
them from the Islandick morgt,

"The birds were in a mortal apprehension of the beetles,
till the sparrow reason'd them into understeuiding."

L'Estrange,

* The nymph grew pale and in a mortal in^VDrydeii,

ETERNITY ;

as the image of perpetuated time; the fancy of endless
duration ; is in fact, in the true sense of the term, a
renouncing of the possibility of our conceiving it in
our present state; and seems, ee teereniet hie; q, e,
time wears not out, is not exhausted, here ; the stream
of time has not an outlet known to us while here ;
going, gliding on without limit, duration without end
is not revealed in this world ; who can perceive or con-
ceive the final progress of time ? that's left for another
state to be known in. And that is what is meant when
the word eternity is used, and has a same sound sense
with the original form; the french eternite^ italian
eternitsL, latin eternitas, and Spanish eternidad are a
same word, as well as own, with that phrase. In the
old form of eterne, the word seems, ee teere ne ; q. e.
time ends ; no, never ; and thus a denied of our knowing
its end ; whence the latin eternus^ and italian eterno ;
eternal, eternel, eternale, eternalis, seem, ee teere' n
hele ; q. e. time, continual duration, perpetual progres-
sion, is in concealment, is hidden from us, kept from
us. Ee, time, insensible progression, imperceptible
fluxion ; see art : air and v. 2. p, 89 and p, 250 ; teere,
the present tense and also contracted part. pres. of
teeren^ teren, to wear out, to take from, to consume,
to expend, to lessen, to attenuate, with which the latin
terere, in the same sense, and our to tire, and to tear,
are a same word ; niet, not ; ne, no, never, hie, hier,
here. / am tired, I am worn out, done up ; it tears
him to pieces, wears him out, mind and body ; the

NURSERY RHYMES. 21

dutch teer, with which our tar is a same word, as well
as our tear as that which is drawn, torn, from the object,
in one case, by fire, in the other, by grief, wounded
feeling, belong here ; and so does to tarry, to waste
time, to exhaust it in a state of doing nothing ; niet,
not; whence our nit, the eg'g of a louse, in size as
nothing or next to it ; but not is the dutch noijt, n'oijt,
never, not ever ; and the latin non, the dutch, no ne, q,
e. no, no ; 'w, in ; heh the part. pres. of helen, to hide,
to conceal, to cover up. Fatum est ex mnni eterni-
tate fluens Veritas sempiterna ; death is an everlast-
ing certainty (truth, verification) issuing from the tide
of eternity ; a branch of the stream of eternity ; fate,
death, the latin fatum being as that which has been
said, doomed by Omnipotence, by the Almighty the
one who alone could decree it to all and for ever ;
semplterni hominum anitni; the souls of men are
immortal ; the mind of man endures for ever ; reaches
beyond the grave.

" It is a question quite different from our having an
idea of eternity, to know if there was ever any
real being, whose duration has been eternal. 'XocA;^.

"Hobbes believed the eternal truthswhich he oj)posed. ' '

Dryden.

■" The Cyclops hammers fall."

"On Mars his armour, forg'd for proof ETERNE."AS'^a^f?.«?jt;.

'' Eternity, whose end no eye can reach." Milton.

" Eternity, thou pleasing, dreadful ihoM^iy Addison.

'* For some men sain that God seeth al biforne,
" Ne God maie not decevid ben ^parde ;
Than mote it fallin, though men had it sworne,
*' That 2purveiance has seen before to be ;
" Wherfore, I saie, that from eterne if he
,■ " Hath wist beforn our thought eke as dede,
"We have no fre choice, as these clerkes h^dLQ," Chaucer,

22 ARCHiEOLOGT OF

-Oh cruel goddis ! that goveme

" The world, with binding of your word etsrne,

" Written in the table of adamant,

" Your ^parlement and eterne grant." Idem.

^Par dieUf per dio, per devm, by God! l Providence. 3Say;
the dutch rede^ the pres. pot. tense of reden, to say. 4Word, speech,
the french parlement ; whence our parliament-lwuse, as the house
or place where speeches are made, where speaking is carried on,
opinions declared hy those selected for that purpose,

A TAX, TASK^

The same word with the dutch, taXy tackse, in the same
sense ; groimded, I presume, in tacken^ tocken^ tucken,
to touch, to lay hold of, to fix, to seize, to captivate ;
also to injure, to do mischief to ; whence our to take,
to catch, to lay hold of; to take a thief, is to catch, seize
a thief ; to take a likeness ; is to catch a likeness ; to
take his money, is to touch his money ; taking music
and touching music, are a same expression ; to take him
home, is to fix him at home; to take away, is to fix
away ; to take into the house, is to fix, settle, place in
the house ; but to take in, to impose upon, seems, toe
teecke inne; q. e. to the nod, sign, he gives up; to the
beck he yields ; and thus, at one at the beck of the other ;
teecke, sign, beck ; to take up with, to bear patiently ;
toe teeche, op wijse ; q. e. all outward sign of discontent
at an end, point upwards, to heaven, the sign of hope and
reliance for assistance, something better. A task, is as
that which is fixed, settled to be done. To tax a mxin
with a lie, is to fix him with a lie, to hold him by or to it.
To take up a man^s lime, is to fi-yi a man's time; to
stop its use to him, to make it useless to him. To
tuck up, as to hang, is the dutch tacken, in the same
sense, from tack, a branch, whence tacken, to fix to a
branch of a tree, the old fashioned way of hanging ;
to be taken to Tyhurn tree, was as to be taken to the
hanging tree at Tyburn, in former days. Een-dief
tacken, is to hang, to tuck up a thief; to tuck one up
in bed, is to fix or settle one duly in bed. Thethema of

KURSERY RHTMSS. 23

the above terms is tct-euy to-en, tu-eiZj to go on and so
to come to and thus to take^ to touchy the necessary
effect of going on, for to go on for ever, is against the
law of nature and an impossibility. To this thema
belong the latin taxare^ tangere^ tactus^ the french
toucher y the italian tocarCy the dutch tdck^ branch, as
that which is fixed to the tree or object in point ; the
french tiche, task ; also spot, as that which is fixed,
and that settled to be done ; and taille^ impost, also size,
as that fixed by custom in the one case, and by nature
in the other ; the italian tagliarey to cut, and so to take
off or from the object in point ; the dutch taeckel and
our tackle^ fixtures, necessaries to the object in point,
a ship, a manufactory, &c. See a toast, «?. 2, p, 50. of
this Essay, TeeckCy the part : pres : of teeckeriy to
make a sign, to beckon, with which our to token is a
same word ; toe teecke^ sounds to take.

" He shotte"at me so wonder smerte

** That through my eye unto my herte

" The *TAKiL smote and deep it went." Chaucer.

• Arrow, as that which is necessary to the bow ; here in refer-
ence to the bow of Cupid ; without the arrow the boW is useless,
as wc all know.

WIFE, WIVE ;

the dutch ivijfy wi;V^, a woman married or unmarried,
a female either in her maiden or her married state,
in fact the female of a sex generally ; and such was the
import of the term with us at one time ; a strarvherry-
wife^ was a strawberry woman, one that sold strawber-
ries, without relation to a single or married a state ; a
housewife^ was the managing female in the family, the
•economist of the house ; the now obsolete to wive, to
^ marry, was to take a woman, not a wi/5?Tn the sense of
a marrieil one, for as such she could not marry : aud to
wive is simply to take a woman to yourself; the dutch
wyfy was the she of any kind of animal ; to take to wife
ras to marry a woman, is to take a woman to yourself.

24 ARCHiE0LO€Y OF

not one that belongs to another man, as a ivife does,
but a single woman. The word seems, as w^huif,
w^huive, q. e. as a hive ; for a hive ; as the one of the
kind who contains the means of continuing, reproducing,
her kind; the one without whom the kind could not be
continued. W\ wie, as, and also who ; in which sense
the term would be as w'huife^ w'huive ; q, e, who co-
vers ; the one who holds within, contains ; in reference
to the kind in question ; huyf^ huyve^ cover, that which
holds, conceals, also cap as cover for the head ; huyve
covering, as the contracted part : pres : of huyveriy to
cover, to conceal within. A bee hive, is that which
holds or covers a generation and the means of future
generations, without end, of bees; and so does the
female of every species or kind. W'huif, w'huive,
sound as wyf, and rvyve ; a hive of bees, is a swarm of
bees from their cover, place of concealment.

" But in that countre n' as there none
" Ne neither wife ne childe.'^ Chaucer,

" Strawberry-wiVES lay two or three great ones at the
mouth of the pot, all the rest are little ones,'* Bacon,

All the world and his wife; as^irhen a person is
asked by another who had you there ? in reference to
some assembly she or he had been at ; a well known
expression ; seems, al die war reiki ende hisse w'huife ;
q. e. all this confused mass rattled away and buzzed
like a hive of bees ; all this medley chattered away and
made a noise like a swarm of bees ; a true description
of those now a day meetings promiscuously attended,
where the mistress of the house lets it be known she is
at home ^uch an evening ; though relating to those of
ages and ag)|||^ back. JF'ar, warre, werre, confusion,
intricacy, complication, perplexity, the substantized
part: pres: of the antiquated warren, werren^ to
confound, to complicate; Am^, hisses, buzzes, makes
an indistinct hum or noise, the third person pres : of
hissen ; relld, tke third person pres : of rellen, to chat-

NURSEBY RHYMES. 25

ter, to speak hastily, with which our to rail, to scold,
to upbraid; raillery y satirical reproof; the french
raillery to jeer, railleriCy jeering, and our own to rally ,
in a same sense, are a same word ; sTie railed at her
husband; he railed his friend for his folly ; are
sound english expressions ; w'huify as above explained ;
evde^ and ; the italian phrase for such an evening
assembly is, una conversazione, and thus a meeting for
those that come to talk to each other. For worldy in its
direct import, see v. 2.j?, 159.

SNOW,

formerly snew, the dutch sneuw, snee, as snedey sny^
ding ; q. e. cutting, chipping, segment, fragment, the
part. pres. of snijeny snoeyeny to cut to snip into pieces ;
cutting y vi terminiy implies more ih&n piece y and thus
pieces indefinitely. Snow-Jlocks is the dutch snieuW'
vl'ickSy locks, cuttings of snow ; flakes of snow; tufts of
snow ; Jlock, as herd, flight, assemblage, tuft ; a tuft
of hair is a collection of hair ; the dutch locky lok, a
tuft of down or hair, is our lock in the same sense ;
jlorving locks, are flowing tufts of hair, hanging tufts.
The dutch snee, snieuw, our snow, thegerman schnee,
the Slavonic sniaty the italian nieve the latin niXy niviSy
nice and the french niege, are a same word.

** Withoutin bake mete, never was his house.
" Of fishe and fleshe, and that so plenteouse,
** It SNEWiD in his house of mete and drink." Chaucer,

" He was with yeftes all besniwed." Goroer,

MELANCHOLY

(formerly melancholic;) a state of mental suffering
without apparent bodily disease ; a distempered mind
without perceptible ailment of body and has both a
substantive and adjective import; seems the dutch
words, m'heel ancke ho lije ; q, e. with a healthy body
great suffering keeps place ; though the one in question
is in apparently sound health yet there is also a con-

E

26 ARCHiCOLOGY Of

firmed agony of mind evident in him, with it. M\
-mee, mede, together with ; heel, het/lj whole, in perfect
health of body, entire, complete : also healthy with
which that term is a same word, as are also our to haily
to salute, to wish health to ; the dutch heelen, our to
healy to cure, to make whole, entire ; ancke, the third
pers. pres : pot : of anckeriy to fix, to make fast, to lay
hold of to hold by ; whence the dutch anckeVy our
anchor, the latin anchora^ the french ancrCy as that
which fixes, makes fast, as well as the latin uncus^
hook, fastening, and our to hankery to have desire for,
long for, fixedly, constantly, firmly ; anger y angui8\y
is of this stock and so is anxiuSy anxiouSy as fixed,
rooted, feeling of mind, and many other words in
various dialects. HOy hooy hooghy Mghy utmost ; lijey
the part : pres : of lijeny lijdeny to suffer, to be in pain.

" Or if folkis complexions

** Make them dreme of reflexions,

** Or ellis thus, as oihir saine,

" For the grete feblenesse of ther braine,

" By abstinence, or by sicknesse,

" By prison, strief, or grete distresse,

" Or ellis by disordinaunce

" Or natural accustomaunce,

** That some men be to curious

" In studie, or melancolious." Chaucer.

'* Dente tenaci anchoka fundabat naves" by its reten-
tive fang the anchor settled firmly the ships, held them
fast ; fandare^ being to lay on a ground or bottom.

" HAIL, hail, brave friend." Shakespear,

** Her sick head is bound about with clouts

** It does not look as if it would have a hail

* ' Or liealth wish'd in it, as on other morn s. ' 'Ben . Jonson,

OBs: the french melancolie^ the latin malincoliay
and italian nianinco7iia, areas the above dutch phrase ;
but the dictionary etymology which makes the term a
seion of the greek words melanc chole ; q, e, black

ni/rsery KiiYiiEs. 27

bile, atra bills, is a mere scholastic whim> and without
foundation, though a sound source for melancholiay of
the same language, and which implies madness, fury,
spleen, loss of self controul from the irritation of su-
perfluous or black, as diseased bile ; in that state which
is^^termed by the french atrabilaire, and means a peevish,
cross, passionate, fretful nature ; a state which has been
produced, or supposed to have been so, from a disordered
state of the bile and consequently of digestion and
other bodily ailments. But that is not what is meant
by melancholy ; his melancholy comes from the loss
of one he loved, has nothing to do with the state of
his gall-bladder, nor with his digestion, it is a purely
mental affection ; in bodily health he may be just as he
was before : melancholy from loss of fortune ; from
loneliness or too much study, and consequent absti-
nence from social amusement ; from fear of what may
happen, &c., h^s nothing to do with his bodily
derangement or that of his viscera. We say, he lives
a melancholy life alone in the country ; what has that
to do with his gall-bladder : as to all but mental alflic-
tion, he is probably as well as ever; he is melancholy
m>ad, implies that his madness is of a silent, low
spirited nature, instead of a noisy laughing merry kind.
So far from melancholy implying a state of fury or
passion it implies one of utter indifference and impassi-
bility as to all other actions and objects beyond that
which occupies the mind, is the object of his thoughts
at all times ; this is melancholy gloomy weather, is as
this is dark, cloudy, dispiriting weather, and don't refer
to bile.'

THE GOD, GOD ;

seems, as the dutch, de geiiod, gehodt ; q^ e, the su-
preme, the highest ; and our term is the same with god,
godt, in that language, and with the german got, the
sweedish gut, and islandick gaud; gehod^ sounds
god, h is proverbially no letter and e only the vowel of
the consonant) that which gives the sound to g ; so

\

28 ARCHAEOLOGY OF

that the direct word and its primitive are one, even in
letter. Gehody the past part : of hoeriy Juk/en, hoogen^
to make high, to heighten, to elevate, to set aloft. The
supreme the most high, are the denominations of the
Deity. The etymology of the word God^ has been
usually imputed to good^ the dutch goed ; but don't
we say, the goodness of God, which in that way would
be the goodness of good^ and not the goodness of the
supreme Being which in fact jt is ; good God ! is g\j
hoed God ; q, e. God protect you and all of us, and
thus a consolatory, or propitiating exclamation; gij
you, all men ; hoed, hued, protect, preserve, take care
of; the god of love, of war, &c. is the fictitious
supreme of those departments ; a heathen god, a su^
preme of the heathen belief, worship, religion. In all
nouns a relative word, a siibauditum, is requisite by the
nature of language, as has been already shown in this
Essay ; here the relative term seems to be the word
weseny being ; making with God as gehod, supreme
being, Jupiter optimus, as the highest deity of the
Bomans ; and optimus grounded in op, oppe, up, and
so indefinitely high, over.

** GOD above
Deal between thee and me." Shakesp,

** GOD is a spirit, and they that worship him, must wor-
ship him in spirit and in truth." John iv. 24.

"The Supreme Being who we call god, is necessary,
"self-existent, eternal, immense, omnipotent, omni-
"** scient, and best Being ; and therefore also a being
*" who is and ought to be esteem'd most sacred and
**holy." Grew's cosmol,

"" Whose end is destruction, and whose god is their
:belly." Fhil, in.

OBS. In the term godfather, god is the same wonl as
above, restricted simply to the import of raised^

NURSERY RHYMBS. 19

created^ made, and thus as father, sponsor, accountable
person, made so by the act of baptism, and so it is in
godmother ; godchUd, is a child raised to social level
or equality of others by the solemnity in point. In
dutch godvader, godmoeder, Goede, is another but
•obsolete term for godmother and seemingly as
gehoede ; q. e, taking charge of, in reference to the
child for whom she answers ; the part : pres : of
hoeden, gehoederiy to take care of, with which probably
our goody is the same word in the sense of nurse,
bringer up, taking charge of, practically and in fact
the term belongs to that class which cannot afford a
deputy, but must discharge that duty themselves ; and
consequently implies a woman of the poorer, labouring
portion of society ; in this sense mother is used in
respec* to females of the poorer class, being that in
which no deputy can be afforded to do the duty
imposed by nature, but seldom performed by the rich.

" Plain GOODY would no longer down,

" 'Twas madoum in her grogram gown." Swtft.

** The more shame for her goodyship

** To give so near a friend the slip.'* Hudibras,

A gown;

seems, the dutch words, er gijhouwe'n; q. e. there is
thy covering in, thy holding or keeping within, that
which the person or object in point; and sounds
gown ; the Italian gonna is a same word and so is the
french sailor's gonnc, a provision cask or tub, a barrel
which holds beer, salted meat, &c. keeps them in,
' contains them. A gownsman., is a civilian, in reference
to the law and church of which a gown is the type, as
Chat which is worn by all the members of the two pro-
fessions. A parsov's gown, a child's or woman^s
,gown, is that which covers them, holds them within it.
Jlouwen, houden^ to hold, contain.

90 JLRCUMOLOGY OF

IN HOT WATER ;

in a state of care, anxiety, apprehension, dread ; seems
as, in hotte wat terre ; q. e. in precaution there is a
somewhat of dread, apprehension ; caution brings with
it a degree of worry, wear, tear, (wear and tear,) lace-
ration ; ?ie lives in perpetual hot water y in hot water ^
he lives in constant worry, wear, in reference to mind*;
the expression is as well Known and often used as any
in our language. Hotte^ hutte^ the obsolete form of
Jioede, hteede, heed, caution, protection, custody ; the
same word with the dutch hutte^ and our hut, as the

Elace or abode which keeps in, holds, protects its in-
abitants ; wat, somewhat ; terre, tearing, tear, dila-
ceration, the substantized part: pres: of terren to
dilacerate, to take from, to tear, to deduct from,
whence our to terrify, the latin terrijicare, in the im-
port of to undo, destroy, take from, in reference to
mind in due state ; as well as terrour, terror, terreur,
terrore ; terere, to wear, to waste, to consume, and
the dutch teren, teeren, in the same sense ; with which
our to tear, is a same word. The german trennen to
separate, divide, is a metathesis of terren,

THE hilt;

the handle, grasp ; the dutch hielte, hilte, in the same
import ; seems as hiel te, q, e, at the heel, end of the
object in point ; the hilt of a sword^ is the end of a
sword when in use and held upright, the part next the
hand which holds it; the point is then the top or upper
part ; the heel of the leg, is the lower part of the 1^,
that next the ground ; stood on. Johnson derives it
from the saxon healdan, the dutch houden, h^uden^
and german halten^ to hold ; but how is hilte to be
had out of that verb in any of its tenses f

■" Now sits expectation in the air

** And hides a sword from hilt unto the point,

** With crowns imperial ; crowns and coronets. "/S%^A;^.

NURSERT RHYMES 31

*

BUTTER UPON BACON;

more than enough ; beyond that which is of any use ;
over and enough ; seems, bote ^rre^ hop' on, baeck'on ;
q, e, the dunce blunders, hopes in, speculates in,
the dolt mistakes, is full of confidence, keeps watch-
ing ; thickskuU errs, lives in expectation, and is
always on the look out. Bote, stupid, boorish, clown-^
ish, ignorant, numskulled, with which the Spanish hoto
is a same word. The sound of the two phrases is the
same, and their import analogous ; to be a blundering
fool is enough, without being a speculator in false
hopes ; hope as with us^ grounded in op, up, as that
which looks to heaven for assistance, relies upon the
Deity ; on, in, over ; haecke, the pres : tense of
haecken, to place a light-house, watch-tower, and ana-
logically to act the part of the one who watches from
it; is on the look out; speculates; and is the verb of
haecke, beacon, in latin specula, whence speculari, to
watch, to speculate from or over ; nonfrustra s'lgnoruni
obitus speculamur et ortus ; it is not useless to watch
the signs of the times, the beginning and end of what
is passing before us. The literal form of the phrase
now in use, implies that which is not only absurd, but
also irrational, and puts the nature of the expression
beyond a doubt; and shows it a travesty. Butter, in
the direct sense, the dutch boter,

TO TAKE A NEW LEAF OUT OP HIS BOOK;

to change his opinion, to take another side from that
which he was on before, but used in a derogatory sense
in regard to motive ; seems toe tak er nu lief, houtt
of, hisse beuck ; q, e. halt now away to the gallows
love ! belly has taken your place within me ; now away
to the tree dear one ! stomach speaks, calls aloud within
me ; you have nothing to do now my dear but to hang
yourself, for now I care for nought but the pleasures of
the table ; from a rational being I am become a mere
beast, glutton; /7i(? tree, the f dial treCythe Tyburn

32 ARCHiSOLOGY OF

tree, were usual expressions, within my time, for the gal-
lows. Tak, taecKy branch, limb, and, pars pro toto
tree; nu, nouw, now ; liej^, love, dear one, and thesame
word with UJfe, beloved, {my life, my beloved,) sounds
leaf'; hou/t, the imperative of houtten, to limp, to halt,
to go lamely away, to go as one wounded does ; with
which our to halt, to &lter, is a same word ; hisse^
speaks within, whispers, excites internally; heuck^
huycky belly, the type of the glutton. The dutch verb
tasken is used in the sense of to hang ; whence we have
our to tuck up, in the import of to hang ; to tuck a
man up, is to hang him ; u and a interchange and so
does o with a, and a with o, Beuck, buijck, seems
connected with heugen, hu^gen, hoogen, hogen, to
bend, to form a curve, to arch, to inflect, to curve either
inwards or outwards, to belly out ; whence our to bo7o^
to bend forwards ; hough, that which bends from the
tree; how, the bent and bending instrument; how-
windofp, a window that bellies, curves outwards from
the building ; tJie ho7v of a ship, the fore part of the
ship, the part that swells, bellies out, &c. ^erv in its
direct import, is the dutch, nicuwe, nn, nurve, nouwe,

IT HANGS BY A THREAD ;

the point in question is in suspense, doubtful how it
may turn out, end, finish ; seems, hiet Jiange's^ hije hy er
te rede ; q, e, the word is being waited for, you a dili-

fent man, try there to get it spoken ; the 9rder is
idding, is suspending, you that are so active, leaze
him till he gives it out ; makes it known ; does what
is desired; and thus expressing analogously that
which is inferred from the travesty. Hiet, heet^
heheet^ commanded, said, proclaimed, order, command ;
h^e, bee, the type of industry, diligence, activity, care ;
hy, the imperative of hyen, to. teaze, to trouble, to
labour, and hije hy, sounds hy ; rede, the part : pres :
of reden, to speak out, to explain. Time hangs heavy
on his hands I he does not know what to do with
himself, wants som^ing to employ, to amuse him ;

••■•^

KtmsEBir rhtmAs. 33

seems, tye 'wz, hangers heve hie on^ hisse hand's ; q^ e,
working at an en-d, suspense ferments continually with-
in him, reminding him that he has his hands; employe
ment over, having nothing to do continues to agitate
him, while his conscience keeps on telling him he
has hands; implying, and why dont he make use
of them, and thus a self reproach of what he suffers is
from idleness, his own fault. Tye^ employing, going
on with doing something, work ; 'm^ im^ the old form
of in, over, at an end ; heven, heffen, to ferment, to be
in a state of agitation ; the other words are each repeat-
edly explained in this- Essay. Time out of mind ; time
immemorial, time forgotten; seems, tye ^muitt ofm'
hyend ; q, e. the end of time is found in employment,
when employed no one is aware of the progress of time ;
the use of time is its employment; and thus an ex-
hortment to industry and a guard against idleness ;
uite ofy disappears entirely; m'hyend, along with
working, being employed. Time without end ; is that
within the grasp of our mind ? or is it as, tye'm rvijse
uit hende ; q. e, time only manifests that which is with-
in our reach, within the power of our mind to conceive ;
we have no idea of time but by something done, by some
concluding event ; and is it not so ? originals and travesties
sound alike in both the above instances ; h, no letter ;
wyse uite, demonstrates ; the third person pres : of
uitwijsen, to manifest, show; hende, near at hand, close,
hard by, within reach, handy, some were to be seen,
felt, or found.

A DOG TROT ;

a literal absurdity, used in the sense of a slow regu-
lated pace ; seems, er d og te rot ; q. e, in this case
an eye upon the companion ; this requires that those,
or the one, with you should not be overlooked, that yoii
should have an eye upon him or them, and not go as if
alone ; and thus a pace regulated by good breeding and
the pleasure of being accompanied, instead of being left
«lone, or behaving rudely; og^oge^ooge^ eye: ^^, to*

34 AECH.SOIiOOT OF

wards, at, on ; rot, rote, company, society, mixed as-
sembly ; also mob, confused riotous multitude ; hence
our rout and thefrench route, deroute, as the dispersion,
breaking up of an army, armed multitude; as well as
rout, the term with us for an evening company, assembly,
promiscuous meeting of people gathered together; and
the italian rota, ruota, as an assemblage of suitable
people assorted to judge the causes brought before them,
la rota di Roma, is the court of session of Home, the
assembly that tries all civil cases ; mettre en route, is
to put the multitude in point into confusion, a vau de
route, to set into disorder, coni^sion, the mass assem-
bled, army, multitude. Plence our verb to rout, to dis-
perse, and the french der outer, to confuse, put in
disorder, either practically or morally. But trot in
the direct sense of the term is the dutch trot, trotte^
shaking, succussion, shaking up and down, succussation ;
the french trotte, in that sense is now little used in France,
though they still say, ily aune bonne trotte d'ici a Ik ;
q, e, you will be well shook before you get from here
there ; you will have a long trot of it ; it is a good way
off; their trotter and our to trot are of this stock of
course, as well as the dutch trotten, in the same sense ;
but groundedly from trotten^ to tread to pace, to go on,
the metathesis of torden, terden, in the same sense;
whence also trede, a step and treden, to pace, with
which our tread and to tread are the same words. The
dutch has also in an analogous import, draf, drave, shake,
trot ; whence our to drive, to drive on, to go on quickly^
to make to go fast, to impel by violence, abruptly,
quickly ; drive sounds as drave does.

" This said they hoth advanced and rode

" A DOG-TROT through the bawling crowd '^ Hudihras.

" They move two legs of one side together, which is
tolutation or ambling, or lift one foot before and the
cross foot behind, which is succussation, orTROTTiKG.*'

Brofvn.
" They rode, but authors do not say.

NlTRSfiRT RHYMES. 35

•* Wether tolutation^ or succtcssation,** Httdibras.

** Tiunults and their exciters 'drave myself and many
of both houses out of their places.'* Charles I,

iThe disused prasterite of to drive, now drove.

DUGS ;

the teats or nipple of the female sex ; seems, deuce's ;
q. e. this is value ; this is of the highest rate ; with this
the rest is comparatively nothing ; and in fact where
would the various animal and human races be were it^
not for the dugs, teats, breasts of the female of its
kind * how should or would they be reared in their
infant helpless state ? Deuge^ availing, benefiting,
profiting, value itself, and thus in a substantive sense,
value, benefit, recompense, the part : pres : of deugen,
dogen, doogen, to be of value, benefit ; as regards the
general sense of the term, it applies as above speci-
fied ; but in regard to the cow, or other milch animals
it carries also that of benefit, profit in a general sense ;
for whence is more material of food or in greater va-
riety derived than from the dug of a Cow ? Milk is
food to many who can get nothing else ; besides butter,
cheese, curds, whey, ^c,

** As mild and gentle as the cradle babe,

" Dying with mother s dugs between its lipSi"AS%aAj<?5/?.

** A thousand young ones, which she daily fed,
" Sucking upon her poisonous dugs." Spencer,

" With whom, from the tender dug of common nurse^
** At once I was up brought:*' Spencer,

" There shines the goat whose brutish DU<3S supply *d
" The infant Jove." Creech,

TEACH Yt>UR grandmother TO SUCK EGGS;

the surly set down to the officious intruder of an un-
called for advice; already given v. 1. p. 11. of this

F3.

S6 ARCHiBOLOGT OF

Essay, but not duly developed in the original form of
the expression, which seems ; tij ! hisch I uwer
geraede'n moeteW toe aaeck egg's ; q, e. go on ! incite !
your devices to obviate will only serve as whetting in
the business ; proceed ! rouse your powers ! all you can
devise to hinder it is only an edge to accomplish the
concern ; and thus in fact carries the meaning of the
one who uses the formula ; and corresponds in utterance
with the travesty, Ty, the imperative of tijen^ tijden,
to keep on, to continue going on; hisch^ the imperat.
of hisschen, hissen, to arouse, to stir up into activity ;
uwer^ your ; geraede^ the part : pres : of geraeden^ to
devise, to conjecture, to combine in the mind; moete^
the part: pres: of moeten, to meet, to oppose, to go
opposite to ; saeck, business, affair in point ; egg, eeJc,
edge, sharpness. The lawyer's sackj is the lawyer's
business, what he is to do, not the bag that he carries
his briefs in as usually conceived at present.

cut:

a when we say, he is cut, he is a little cut, and mean
he is drunk or nearly so ; seems, hie is kuijte ; q. e, this
is beer ! all we see here is that he has been drinking,
and refers to the period when the produce of the
brewery was the only wine of the Saxon. Kuijte,
keyte, beer, ale ; whence kupten, to be given to drink,
to strong liquor. It is a common cant phrase, when
a friend meets another tottering from side to side of the
path, to say, he has got his beer aboard, which I take
to be the travesty of, hie hose gij houtt ; hisch !
bier er behoorde; q, e, I see you can't stand upon
your legs, hush! you have been drinking; see how
your leg totters, limps, say no more ! its the affair
of the beer you have had ; hie, in this case ; ha^e, the
calf of the 1^, and pars pro tofo, the leg, legs ; giJ,
to thee, you ; houtt, the third pers : pres : of houtten, to
halt, to limp, to go lame; bier, drink, beer; behoorde
belongs to, is a part of, a party concerned.

NUflSSBY RHTaiES. 37

A CAT IN pattens;

explained v. 1. p. 127. under a different original formula
than the one here given, and where sound and sense are in
unison, it is probable that more than a same soxmd sense
form of expression was, either then, or at some peri-
od in use ; er Izuijte in pat t' hen's ; q, e, there where
strong beer is to be had bv the side of the road, it is a
strong temptation to go and drink it ; where an alehouse
is in the way, turning aside is likely to take place ; it is
difficult for the tired passenger, when he sees where he
may be refreshed, to lose the offered opportimity.
KuytCy keyte, kit, strong beer, beer ; pat, pad, with
which our path is a same word ; whence kuijten, kitten,
to drink ale, to take in strong beer ; fhen, to aside,
to step on one side, to go hence.

TO come;

the dutch komen ; whence thegerman kommen ; derived
by Bilderdijk from A:o»?, the contraction of the anti-
quated part : pres : ko-ing, of whiA the verb is KO-en,
to near, to approach, and the root ko, the ground of
the latin, co, con, cum, the collective prefixes and pre-
position, importing that which connects, fixes together
with ; represented by the dutch ge, ga, together,
gathering. To come home, is to reach hom^by going
on to home, by nearing it, till at it, till it is met ; to
connect or biing oneself together with our hom?.
Hence the adjective coming, as disposed towards, going
on, inclining towards, meeting half way by inclination ;
she is very earning, she is very kindly inclined, easy to
be pleased, come at, not repulsive or repelling ; and also
the latin comis, yielding, gentle, coming; comis in
uxor em, kind indulgent to his wife, and the greek
komein, to take care of, to attend to ; besides number-
less other words in various idioms.

" Now will I be your Rosalind in a more coming on
disposition, and ask me what you will, I will grant it."

Shakesp,

39 ARCHiEOLOOir O^

How COMING to the poet every Muse/'Pop^.

u

Comely that which comes within, meets, comes up to,
that which suits the feelings, is the dutch komelicky in
the same sense.

FELLOW ;

in the opprobrious derogatory and upbraiding sense
of that w.ord, as when We say, what a fellow that is^
and mean what a rascal that is ; look at that fellow,
and mean, look at that villain, Sfc, I take it to be as
the french, flou (jiloux} ; q. e, villain, thiefy sharper,
pickpocket ; from the dutch jiel, fielt, in the same
import, and grounded according to Bilderdijk, either in
the latin vilis or else in the dutch/i?/, cruel, ferocious,
relentless. The french felon, and Italian fellone, in
the import of cruel, atrocious, and our felon, both in
the adjective sense of cruelyWick^d, and the substantive
one of culprit, as the one guilty of some atrocious,
barbarous, wicked act ; clearly belong here, as well as
our term villain,, formerly spelt vilon, villon. Un
humeur felon, is an old french phrase for a cruel in-
human nature, turn of mind. In old english felon
deeds, was used for cruel, wicked diCt^, felon hate, for
relentless, revengeful hate. In regard however to the
word FELLOW, as explained in the first part of that ar-
ticle in vol, 2. p. 126 of the Essay, I am convinced
the source there given is the true one* but in the
observation in regard io fellow at the end of the article,
and of its being the same word explained in this article,
I am as convinced I was wrong, and that the meaning
oi fellow in the sense now given does not depend upon
a modifying adjective or expletive but on its proper
intrinsick sense. The three extracts there adduced
from Shakespeare, should of course, be transferred
to the present article. Bui fellow, in the above sense
may be SiS,vee'l louwe ; q. e, punished by the hatred of all
others ; rewarded by the contempt of his fellow creatures
and probably is ; vee^ veed, hatred,, scoru; abhorrence ;.

K^URSSAT RHYMES. 30

l,el, other^ all other; louwe, punishes, mulcts, fines,
the pres : tense of louwen, to mulct, to fine, to lash.

*' How oft the siffht of means to do ill deeds,

** Makes deeds ill-done ? For had'st thou not been by,

** Fellow by the hand of nature marked,

*' Quoted and sign'd to a deed of shame,

" This murder had not come into my mind,^* SJuzkesp.

*' Worth makes the man and want of it the fellow,
** The rest is all but leather or prunello.'' JPope,

" And eke I counsaile The i-wis

" The God of Love wholly to forgete,

** That hath The in soche pain ysete,

" And The in herte tourmentid so,

** I can not sene how thou maiest go

" Othir waies The to garisoun,

*' For danyer that is so ^peloun

" ^Fellie purposeth The to werreie,

^* Whiche is fiill cruel^ sothe to seie." Chaucer,

1 Relentless, 2Wickedly, thievishly.
WHIG AND TORY ;

as the ordinary term for the two political parties into
which english society was formerly divided; seems,
w'hijge end f hoW hije ; q, e. the one who sighs, and
the other who torments himself to be at the top ; he
who gasps and he who frets to be at the head ; he who
pants and he who labours to get to the top of all ; and
thus a true t3rpe of equal selfi-shness and disregard of
the public welfare in busy-bodies ; w\wie^ the one who,
he who ; hijghe the pres. tense of Mjgen^ to gasp, pant,
sigh; t\te^ up to, towards ; ho^ top, highest of that
referred to ; head, fho^p^ te ho'op^ is our and the dutch
top ; >, er^ there, here ; hije, worries, vexes, labours,
works hard, the pres. tense of hijen, to slave hard.
Johnson defines rchig, *' the name of a faction," quotes
a long-winded absurd groundless passage, from Bishop

40 ABCHAOLOGY OF

Burnet's works which owe him no thanks for so doin^.
Tory^ he says is a cant term, ^m an Irish word signi-
fying saxage. The first is no etymology, and the
second a childish prejudice of that able man, induced by
dependent habits and bad education. A whig is thus
one who pants for supremacy, and a tory one who
makes himself a slave for the same purpose ; and thus
fellows of a same kind in regard to public welfare.
Original and synonym have a same utterance, and
sound sense. Tory and whig^ is a crotchetty, quaint
cacophony.

NINE TAILORS 60 TO HAKE A HAK;

a well known saying ; in a literal sense completely
absurd, but from its form of words implying a deficiency
in manhood in regard to those who excercise the craft
of tailors ; one in its nature so absurd and irrational
that no human intellect could ever have broached it in
that shape; it is an evident sound-synonym of some other
form of words bearing the sound or true sense, and
which I take to be ; neen teel loers goe ; toe maecke V
m^aen ; q, e. no progeny is the state of one deficient
in his social duty ! set to the making of some forthwith;
to be childless is not to have fulfilled the debt you
owe your fellow men ; to the making of children at
once ; you are an idle fellow without children, look out
directly fof a female and make one as soon as you can.
Evidently a personal reproach from the speaker to his
friend for not having a wife or family ; and referring to
days when such were maintained on easier terms than in
the present more artificial state of society. It carries no re-
proach upon the tailor any more than any other cast of
men ; and in truth what is there more effeminate and
unmanly in its business than in that of a barber, hair
dresser, lord of the bedchamber, page, stay or shoe-
maker, or any other epicene dawdling sedentary employ-
ment? JsTeen^ none, no. Teel^ teele^ the contracted
participle present of teelen, telen, to beget, to generate,
to produce, and thus in a substantive sense j^ogeny^

IVtyRSERV RHtllES. 4 1

jLoers^ the genitive case of loer, a listlesd idler, one
deficient in his duty, non recth fungens officio, Toe^
to, go to, set about. Maecke the contracted part:
pres : of maecken^ to make^ to creata 'i?, ^> there>
here. M\mee, mede; aen^ on; herewith, forth with^
at once, there upon. Tee I loers sounds taylor^ ; neen,^
nine; toe maecke^ to make; m'aeny man,

AN EYE-SORE ;

from the falling in of the term eye^ an expression
Usually referred to something displeasing, painful to the
sight ; but in that . s^ise, the phrase is not english ; a
sore eye we all understand, but, independent of con-^
ventional hnport, what can eye*-80re mean in literal
form ? I take it to be a sound sense of een hye so er ;
q, e, by this a vexation takes place 5 by the object,
subject, in question, a vexatious disgusting feel arises
within us ; m reference to some object, circumstance,
which causes pain; Een^ a, an, one; hye^ part:
pres : of hyen^ to vex, to torment ; sOy thus, by this,
m this way; ^r, there in that place^ The original
phrase has both sound and sense of eye-sore^

" And is the like conclusion of psalms become now, at
" length, AN EYE SORE, or a galling to the ears that
hear it "Hooker,

** Fy ! doff this habit ; shame to your estate,

** And EYE*soRE to our common festival. "iS'AaA:^*/?.

AN HEIR MALE.;

as the term now well known among lawyers for an heir
of the male sex ; but does not, if we are to judge by
Chaucer, seem to have had that special import among
us in his day ; and has, probably been perverted into
it, by the course of legal chicanery. A male heir, was
probably then the special term for an heir of the male
sex, and male is as the french mkle masle, the latin
masculus ; wlule an heir, male, was the general phrase

o

42 ARCHJE0L06T OF

for a universal heir of either sex, the one of either sex
entitled to the entire inheritance or succession, an heir
general ; and in this sense seems een her nC heel ; q, e.
one here who takes the whole; the one here is to
have all ; here is the one who takes the whole, who is
invested by birth with all that the predecessor pos-
sessed. The original form has the sound sense of an
heir male. Een^ one, an ; her^ here in this instance ;
m\mee, mede, with, together with. Heel, all, whole,
the whole, everything in question ; h no letter.

■" A kyng ther was in tho yeres, that had no heir male
" Saff (except) a doughtir^ that he lovid as his own

Ssaal {soul.)
him such
[plesaunce
** That he made him his heir^ and did him so avaunce
"lo wed his dough tir, and after him to bear crowne.*'

Chaucer.

OBS. Here heir male is clearly heir general, that is,
a sole heir of either sex; one who took the whole
without reference to sex, one who takes all whether
male or female. The oldest tenure and most natural
in existence, untransmografied by judicial chicanery,
legal imposture, mummery, and often political or self-
interested prejudice, A m^le heir is english, but an
heir male, in that import, is not; a stone horse and a
horse stone, 'vai^i as well be held to be a same expression.
The e, ee, was formerly, and still is in Scotland and on
the continent pronounced as a is in made, trade ; &c.

PALL MALL;

the well known street at *ihe west end of London ;
formerly Pell Mell\ seemingly, pelleimele:; q. e. shell
powder; shell dust ; it having been in former days the
court-place in which the then underogatory games of
nine-pins, foot-ball, boWls, &c., were played; a re-
quisite for which was a smooth even surface, to obtain

((
((

NURSERY RHYMES. 43

which, the dust or powder of shells was used, as the
most suitable means of eveness and freedom from
joinings or any other inequalities. Pelle, shell;
mele, tneel, mael, meal powder, dust. Other etymo-
lo^es have been suggested by others ; but this I believe
to oe the true one. Formerly all the great continental
towns had each its Pall Mail,

" I walked in the Parke, {St, James* s) discoursing with
" the keeper of the pell mell, who was sweeping it ;
** who told me of what the earth is mixed that do floor
*' the Mall, and that over all there is coakle-shells

powdered, and spread to keep it fast ; . whioh however.

in dry weather turns to dust and deads the ball."

Pepys, mem,

" Sunday being May Day we walked' up into the pall .
" MALL {at Blois in France), very long,, and superbly
*' shaded with tall trees, that unless that of Tours,
" I had not seen a statelier." Idem,

** The MALL (at Tours) is without comparison the no-»
" blest in Europe." Idem,

"At the side of the field {Geneva) is a very noble
'* PALL MALL " Idem,

• Having seen the field and played a game at mall."'

Idem, .

*Quand il jpnoit au pallemail, ellele voyoit le plus
*' souvent jouer, et y jpuoit elle mesme." Brantome,

The french adverb pele mele, confusedly, in a mixed
mass, indistinctly, is the same pelle mele, as con-
fused, disorderly, intermixture of the dwst of shells of
all varieties of shape and kind, and our pell mell in
the same sense are as the above s&xon pelle mele,

*' pell MELL havockand confusion." ShaJcesp.

** He knew when to fall on pell mell." Hudihras,

g3

44 ARCHJSOLOGY Of

MOKET ;

currency, circulating medium, not relative to any sub-
stance or certain material, in its general sense, what is
money in one place may not be so in another ; seems,
as mb^n hie ; q, e, mind in this ; here we see the mind
is all in all ; fancy does every thing ; all this is the
effect of intellect ; inferring that the use and value of
the object in question is established solely by what it is
thought of, deemed to be. And in fact what intrinsic
or self value have any of the materials which represent
money ? gold, silver, copper, are scarcer than lead or
iron, but not so useful to mankind, and paper is the
cheapest of all articles ; but a small portion of gold
will buy a load of iron ; its value being purely conven-
tional in civDized society, elsewhere and with those
who have had no intercourse with it, it is of no value ;
nor is a diamond. A bank note is money, but what is
its material worth? independent of conventional un-
derstanding? in some places shells of a certain kind
constitute the money of the people. Mb, moe, moedy
mind, intellect, fancy ; 'w, iw. In ; hie, here, in this case
in what we see ; moii' hie, sounds money. The french
monnoye, and the latin moneta, are the same words
with our money, or from a same source. The latin
pecunia, the Italian denaro, the french argent, the
dutch geld, all mean money but have no relation to
what it consists of; to its material. Money makes
the mare to go : see v. i. p. 4 of this Essay ; from the
nature of the words implies that money can do any
thing ; the text of tfcat article in regard to the original
form of the expression, should be altered to, mon hije
fnuycke's de meer toe goe ; q. e. the intelligence of
the under clasS is that which ripens the great one into
worth ; the ingenuity of his inferiors brings, mellows .
their superior into value, power, consequence, esti-
mation ; the general import leraainirg the same, but
the consonance between th<|^riginal and travesty is still
closer. Mon, as explained ; hije, \york, working, "

NURSERY RHYMES. 45

activity; the part: pres: of hifen, to work, to excite,
to labour, to make active ; mutjche^ the part : present
of mutjeken^ to mellow, to ripen, to meliorate or better
the state of the object in point. Mo'n hi/e sounds
money.

"MOiiEY differs from uncoined silver^ in that the
" quantity of silver in each piece of money is ascer-
"tained by the stamp it bears, which is a public

voucher y Locke.

600D

»

formerly gaude^ the dutch goed^ in the same sense;
seems grounded in, if not a same word with gaud, goudy
gegoud^ of that language, the past : part : of the ob-
solete gouden, gauden, now gelden, gilden, to yield,
to produce, to avail, to make valuable, with which our
to yield is a same word ; to yield corn, is to produce
corn, as that which is of value, available for use or
sale ; to yield to the conqueror, is to oppose him no
longer, to give up to him, and thus to do that which is
of value to him, to produce him what he fought for.
With the above goud, gaud, the dutch goud, and our
gold is one word, in the import of something to which
value is attached by the mind or thought, by the ge-
neral opinion and consent of the public mind, without
reference to any material or component to which it is
so attached or fixed ; a farthing, a guinea, a public note
or notice, are all equally money and in that sense upon
a level the one with the other. Goed the substantive and
our obsolete ^^a2<^6', is as valuahles^ availables, mines,
land, houses, stock, cattle, &c. and it is in this sense
goods is used in the phrase goods and chattels, all that
is valuable to the possessor, ^good man, is a worthy
^ man, one that is valued esteemed of value by others,
estimated by those who know him. A good horse ^
dog, judge, chancellor, is a valuable, useful, profitable
horse, dog, judge, chancellor ; good day to you, is a
good happy, valuable time to you, may the time that
comes avail you ; for day is there as the dutch d'ee^

46 ARCHEOLOGY OF

q, e. time to c<mie, course of time, as has been before
explained, v, ii. p, 88 of this Essay ; good by to yauy
good attend you, good be with you, fey, hy^ meaning
near at hand, close to ; he stood by me^ he stood close
to me ; hwigood in good for nothing^ is the travesty
of gehoud^ the past : part : of houden^ Jtauden^ to
hold, to deem, to consider, as when we say, / hold you
to be unworthy of esteem^ and mean / consider you
to be, &c. ; a good while, gehoud wijle ; q, e, time
spent, staid, stood, stopped, and gehoud is then the
past : part : of houden, to hold, to preserve, to keep,
to stay, to remain by, to abide by, to keep by, to possess,
and sounds good; in good God! and good-friday,
good is clearly in the first case as gehoitd God ! God
preserve me, and in the second case, it is as gehoud,
kept, observed, as when we say, tlie holy day wa^ kept,
observed, the coujicil was held at his house, that is
kept at his house; good night seems the dutch,, ^o^ J
nae heyt\ good in its direct sense, nae A<»y/, as it is
desired, said, wished, bid, and sounds as we pronounce
night, which in its direct import is the dutch naeht,
as are the french nuit, formerly nuict, the Spanish
noche, italian notte, the latin nox, noctis, node ; gol-
den rules are valuable, useful, good rules: the golden
age^ is as the ideal age of happiness, when all was as it
ought be, and man neither knew nor did harm ; good
manners, seems, gehoud man er's ; q. e. there the true
man shows itself, there the type of what man ought to
be is kept to, and thus good, right, true conduct in
regard to the rest of our kind, and manner was
fonnerly spelt with one n.

** And painid her to counterfete chere of court and to
" ben stately of manere'' CJutucer.

To gild ^ '\% toe ghilden, to add to the value, as is done
by improved appearance.

" And by this gaude (sale of popish pardons) have I

[won every yere

NURSERY RHYMES. . 47

" An hundred marke, sith I was pardonere." Chaucer,

" And also think well this is no gaude,
" For me was 'levir, thou and I, and he
" Were hongid, than ttat I should ben his baude/'/cfowi.

** The king's a ^bawcock, and a heart of gold,
" ^A lad of life, an imp of fame.** Shakesp,

** Thence arises that golden rw/!^ of dealing withothers,
"As we would have others deal with us.** Watts.

" Many young gentlemen flock to him every day, and
" fleet the time carelessly, as they did in the golden

[world J" Shakeep.

-" I have bought

" golden opinions from all sorts of people.** Idem,

" My brother Jacques he keeps a school and report
^' speaks goldenly of his profit.** Idem,

1 Rather; more willingly ; the dutch Zttfv^ in the same sense.
2A fine fellow, something that excites the gaze, a thing worth look-
;ing at the same word at bottom with peacock; in dutch pauWy
pcMUWy which I take to be, ashy hauwe ; q. e, that which attracts,
stops, holds you, that which you cannot pass without stopping to ad-
mire it, ?. nd thus indefinitely fine, showy, splendid, as that bird,
is at all times ; the additional term cock denotes the male of this
. fow\, the female is peaJunty the young, pea-chick ; so that bawcock^
carries the import of fine one, something worth seeing, looking at.
Tli£ king's a bawcock, the king's a fine fellow, the king in question,
attracts our attention, makes us wonder, stare, admire. ^A lad of
lifCf seems, er laed qf hjf; q. e. there is one who invites to love, to
dearness, to attachment of mind ; laed, third person pres : of lueden,
to invite, to lead to, to .praise desire for; lyftlitf, love, dearness,
friendly ness ; my life,\& my dear, and lyf^ is ther^ not as lyfio. the
sense of /(/Jf, but as lyf, dear, friendly feeling, friend, favourite, in-
timate. The dutch pauWf our pea^ as in pea-ckickt pia-heny pea-cock^
the german pfaw, french paim, Spanish pavon and italian pavone are
one word. The dutch for pea-hen is pauunnnCy female pea-fuwl^
Hauicet the part : pres : of Aaittreif , kauu^en^ houden, to hold, to
take hold of, to catch, to keep fixed ; by^ there, here at hand, in a
same place ; by hauwe sounds baw.

48 ARCHJEOLOOT Of

A month's mind;

something come into the mind or head; / hare a
month's mind to buy it, it comes into my head to buy
it; seems er mb kin's my hi/'end; q. e, from there
hence mind is tormenting me ; from this time I shall
not be easy, at rest, inferring till I have what I" have
seen, what is in my head ; I shall have no quiet within
me, till I get done what is in my mind, in me. J/o,
moe^ moedy mood, humour, mind : hin^ hence, from
this time ; hyend, the part ; pres : of hyen, to vex,
molest, trouble, teaze ; the original form resounds into
the travesty.

** You have a month's mind to them." Shakesp,

** For if a trumpet sound or drum beat,

" Who has not a month's mind to combat?'* Hudibras.

A WORD AND A BLOW;

in literal sense either has no meaning or else may be
construed into, said something first and a blow is the
result ; but even so it would not be true or natural ;
seems, er w'orde end er blob ; q. e. in this case it is
according to rule, the shy, timid, cold-hearted one ends,
is done with ; as it is ordained, faint-hearted coward in
this case is laid aside ; inferring by what has been done;
and that to be such as excites to due conduct ; proper
revenge ; to feel as one ought ; to resent. Orde, order
and our order, rule, regulation, due arrangement, are
a same word and so are the french ordre, the Spanish
orden, and italian orrfiw^ ; enden, eynden, to end, to
put out, to finish, lay asicie; blob^ blood, faint-hearted.
The tenii coward, is the dutch kou aert-, q. e, cold-
nature, cool-heart ; kou, koud, kaud, whence our to
cow ^and cow'd) to inspire with undue coldness, want
of due feeling; he is a cold-hearted man, he is a man
of a cold unfeeling disposition, nature. See v. \,p. 199

art, HEARTY-LAUUJf.

*&& PAID HIM IN HIS OWN COIN-;

h:e gave him as good as he h^onght, behaved as he ought,
in reference to some undue attack, some uncalled for
provQca^tion ; seems, hie paye heet ; himme in; hisse ;
houw hin^ ko^e hin ; q, e, in this case satis&ction,
peace, says, mutters to him internally, whispers to him <
^way with the part of an intimate; the way to
peace in this affair as he hears from within him (£rom
his own feelings) is to forget for a time all former inti*«
macy and consequent forbearance^ in reference to some
irritating thing that has been said to him by his com-
panion, intimate, associate. Pa^e^ the part. pres. of
j>aijen, to appease, to pay, to satisfy ; whence, paijSy
peace, satisfaction, the latin jE7a;i?,^a^i^, the italian^ce,
the Spanish jt?a;2^, and french paix\ heet^ says; Mmme),
mutters, the third pers: pot: mood of himmen^ hem-
men^ hummin, to mumble, to speak indistinctly; to
hem, to hum; hisse^ whispers from within; houw.,
hoUy houdy intimate, one favoured by another, sought
after as a friend ; hin, hence, away ; koye^, keepmg
within, not letting out ; not expressing what is wished
to be heard by the lover, courtej: ; koye, cage, prisonj>
thus as that which holds or keeps within, whence oujr
word coy^ shy, not letting out, not expressing duly ;
n coy woman, is a shy, reserved woman ; here also be*,
longs decoy, that which allures, catches, entraps, and
to decoy, to allure in to the trap or snare, to take in
by seducing, alluring ; unaspirate houw and hin, and
original and travesty sound alike ; besides being
an^ogous in the import the travesty is used in.

NATURE ;

the unknown instrument of all that is ; the dispositig
and combining mea^generaUy and specially ; seems, na
tuyere; q. e, coonecttng closely; binding together;
lilting together ; chai&ing closely ; kniM:ing compactly ;
and thus that whici^.combines and connects all things
iod^fijaitely ; the ttiMieeii agent and effector of all wn

H

50 MCHA0L06Y OT

see around us; of all that is. The same word with the
latin natura ; whence probably we have had the terin^
through the french nature y for the term* natuur, as na^
ture^ adopted by the dutch and eermans, is neithei
original, nor classical in those dialects, and does not
seem to have existed rn the fi(axon era of that language.
Aert is the true dutch term for nature j as phiisis is
that of the greek. That the word is grounded in a
saxon root is confirmed, if evidence we're wanting, by
its possessing the quality in our di&lect of a verbal noun
in die direct form of a past part. viz. natured, we say
she is a good natured womany arid mean well disposed,
conditioned, constituted; but in the 'other languages
where the term is used, it has no existence in any mood
or tense of a verb, there is no literal equivalent any
where to natured^ no naturatus^ ndturato, nature ;
and in the saxon stage of our language, nae^tuyere^ is
the part : pres : of a verb which has the whole conju-
ration of one : tuj^ereyi^ to tie, to bind together, to
combine or connect, has tuijerd, for its past part, and
comes out of tui-en, of which it is a frequentative form
and is grounded, I suspect, in tij-en, to draw together.;
ivith which our to tie is a same word. Nae, naa, na^
close, near, after, behind ; whence naeijen^ naeden^ to
sew ; na£ld, needle, that which makes close together ;
naeghel, nail, both of the finger and of the carpenter's
trade, as that wTiich is fastened to the finger, and as that
which is used to fasten or join together ; nail and naegel
are a same word. Johnson derives nature from na-
scor^ natusy born ! A mere. guess from literal analogy
in the participle form, which applies to product, -not to
the agency that produced it, and nature really is.
Boyle has a treatise on Nature, but offers no etymology
or rationale, for 'the term. Nae t?iijre, sounds nature.
Tuyer, clog, halter, that which ties; has also the im-
port of continued linking ; chain ; connexion of things,
order, arrangement of things ; and necessarily inferring
rule, regulation. Nihil ahud ««♦ NATURA-^wdw Deus,
et divina qumdam ratio totimundo etj9artibus e^usin-

inpuSERY RHYMB8. 5A

serta.^^ Seneca. N'aiure is no other than the Deity
liimself, some supernatural efficiency implanted through-
out the whole system amd its parts. We say nature
and nature^ B Gody that is, nature and nature's master ;
agent and principsd. Man's nature, is the general con-
stitution, composition, condition, state of the human
kind ; the nature of water, of a hee ; §•<?., is in the same
sense. Nature^ as genital, is as that which makes forms
the kind referred to; that without which it must cease
to continue. Natural, na:turatis,.naturel seems, na
iuijreheli y. ^.. condition, state of being, is here clear,
evident;, A^?^ visible, apparent; but a natural, in the
sense of a beins. not fike the rest of his kind, an idiot,
lansound-headed person, chapgeling seems ; er na tuijre
el : q. e. in that cas^ the constitution, condition, formed
or given by nature is different, altered ; in reference to
others of his kind duly conditioned ; and thus one differ-
ing from the general rule of nature; see v. 1, 199. and.
correct. El, other, different.

" When it was said to Anaxagoras>^ the Athenians- have
condemned you to die; he saidy and na^tube them^"

BUC071,

'' Thou NATURE art voy goddess ; to thy law
" My services are bound." Skakesp,

** Nature,, as it gEOws again tow'rd the earth,

" Is fashion'd forlfe journey, dull and heavy. Idem.

My end

** Was wrought by nature, not by vile offence. *'/<id/w.

*^ Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night,

*' God said,..let Newton be, and all was light." Pope,.

a robin-redbreast ^

as the bird so caMedj seems, er Jiohbe Mn redhij resC;
q, e, there is that which hops about at hand to, ready
t^or^. close by its place of. rest ;^.8ee the bird which never

St AlUJAJTOLOGr <ff

goes from the place where it perches or rests ; and* t£trv
a description ot the natural haoits of that bird. ' Johnson
thinks it is so called from having a reddish breast, but
it is only the male that has that tint there, the hen
has not, and therefore no descriptive mark of the spe-'
cies ; but that of never going fir from it^ abode is a
true one in regard to the I'ace. Schhe^ the third pers :
of hohhen^ to jump up and down, to hop, with which?
in fact it is a same word; hin^ hence, about, off; red^
feed^ reedigh^ ready, at hand, dose by, with which
ready is a same word ; rest, rast^- rust ^ rest, quiet, se-
curity ; whence the dutch rusiigh, rustick, and the latin
rusticus, also rusticari, to rusticate, live in the country,-
to live in the quiet of the country, ba opposed to the
tonm ; a rustick house, is a house in the countrv, a house
fike that the &rmer or peasantlives in ; grounded in ru^
en, to repose, to be quiet, whence rus^ ruris, country as
opposed to city, town, capital, and thus as the abode of
peace, quiet, stillness compared with the other ; hence
also roost, as the ptace where fowls, birds repose. ^
ruddock, is another, but not so usual an appellation
for the same bird, and seems, er ruwdhock ; q. e. in
this case the home-hedge gives rest ; to this one the gar^
den hedge is where it rests ; ruwd, the third pers : pres :
of ru-en, ruwen, rouwen, to be at rest,- to be in quiet;
h^ck, enclosure, pen, also fold, sheep-fold. Johnson
thinks the word to be as ruheculajjbut that is red-neck,
ruhrum coltum ; the french call the bird roiige-gorgCi
red-neck, the italian pettirosso, red breast, all terras
descriptive of tte bird and proper for the male, and for
red breast as the male of the species ; but not either
for robin-redbreast, robin, or for ruddock ; but
that which roosts near the place it frequents, is a true
characterick of the bird in point.

" Of singing birds they have linnets and ruddocks."

Carew.

^

The tame R'tTt)i)ocTCE, and the cowarde li^.^'Chaticer.

UttmfEAt ftffTMSS. 53

WEED;

seiems, iv^hpd; q, e, as tbatwbich moists, is troublesome^
tbat wbicb annoys, indefinitely as to quality atid place \
w\79iekijd the tbird pers: pres: of hifen^ to teaze, thiat
irbicb; h^d^ annoy, and sounds weed; to weed^ is the
dutch wieden in the import of to take out or off, to purge,
to dear away, and 8eems,^oi5 r&h^d; q, e. that which an-
ftoys, troub&s,avray,off,shut out^eso^uded ; and resound-
ing by travesty into a verb has been adopted as such ;
Iience nseed^ as that which to be taken away as a nuisance.
The toe^ to, in the verb is the adverb importing shut, clos-
ed, ended, concluded,away,taken away; in the sam&man-
ner our to head, means to behead in relation to the
IMto animal^ for toe^ to, has then the above import..
Wem, as the antiquated terra for dress, garment, cloth-
ing, is the dutch waed^ waet^ gewaede, in the same
import ; the widow's weeds, is the widow's gown, dresSy
mourning clothes.

** For thilke ground that berith the weeds wicke

** Berith eke these wholesome her bis as full oft."

Chaucer,
** To popis 'heate such take more hede
" Than to kepe Christes coramaundements,
" Of gold and silver been ther ^wede." Idem,

iCommaHd, the dutch heet in the same sense, SDress, clothes.
The french vuider^ to empty, whence our to void, evidently belongs
to wiedeny as above explained, in fact i» a same word.

TO MAKE HIM BELIEVE THE MOON IS MADE OF

CREAM CHEESE;

a popular expression importing, to impose, or rather to
try to impose upon a person ; but carrying in its literal
sense a groundless absurdity, such as could have origi-
nated in no rational mind ; seems, toe macke hem be-
lieve, die mue inne is mede-hoff, keer heijm, schie ijse;

f. e, to work is wlmt he is fond of; that which tires
im is going to the pot-house ; turning home, is terri*-

54 A?RCUJ£OLOGT 09

fying to him ; employment is his delight ; the thoughts-
of going to the mead-house is annoying to him, the
leaving wosk for home is quite horrifying to him ; and
thus an ironical description of the lazy drunkard- work*
man, and in so far an imposition or deception as regards
the intended import, which is ironical reprehension
expressed in- laudatory terms, such as is often used in
other fonnfr in common life by every one. Maekey
part : px?es : of mackeriy maeckeiiy to employ, to be
employed in doing, to work, to ci'eate, to put in due
eondition and thus substantized as employment, work;
hem^ him; believe, lieve, gratifying, dear to, giviog
pleasure to^ the part : pres : of helieven, lieeen, to love,
to gratify;, diey that which; mue,micede,. moede^ fa-
tigue, tiredness^, wearisomeness ; innCy ))rings in, creates
^ the feel of being : medelioffy meed-hoe'ce, mead-house;
mead, methclyin being the strong beer of that age, the
strong beverage of t}>e day ; meede^ mede, mead ; hoffy
hoeve^ place, bouse ; kcer^ the imperative of keeren, to
turn, to go off or from one place to another, to turn from ;.
lieym, "home ; schle, schier^ sheer, perfect, quite ; ijse^
the part : pres : of ijseny to horrify, to alarm, original
and travesty soxmd entirely alike. He tried to make
Mm heliece the moon is made of creafn cheesey is a
well known text.

MIND YOUR PS AND QS ;

a jocular well known way of saying,, take care of what
you are about, what you do in this case ; be cautious,,
attentive or .else you will be in a scrape, do wrong.
Seems, rnif inndu erpije's^ende kujves; q.e. the friar,
has got possession of you, has become yourself, the
catastrophe is your giving him your food ;. the monk
has become \our head, possesses it as his own ; the
consequence is his living, getting to eat,, out of you ;
inferring of course he should be guarded against by
you, or else you will suffer by him in mind, pantry and
pocket. M\j, me, self, me myself, myself me ; inndy
pret : of innen, to get within, to receive or take within,..

»'.

to introduce into ; w, you.; dr, there-; pye^ fhe frock,
the hood, cowl, and thus th« standard type of him that
wears it, which was at that with xis the friar, monk,
priest ; ende, eynde, the end, consequence, catastrophe,
event; kuwe, the part: pres : of kuwen^ kouwen,
kauwen, with which our to chew, to chaw, are a same
word, so that kurve is as eating, and that as food or
provision ; grounded in Aaaw^,A;oww^, kuwe^ the jaws^
the cheeks and in the vei^hal sense of to set them agoing,
putting them in use ; '«, is, is. There is no distinguish-
ing the original form and travesty, either by sound
or import. Mind, opposed to body, as distinct from it,
seems clearly my innd; q. e. me putwithin, self placed
in, myself embodied ; consciousness of self, instilled ;
endowment of Wsteface added to the body, and thus
characterizing the human race alone, as that whoee
actions demonstrate the source of s6lf intelligence;
that which is exhibited by no other animated being ;
my, me, I myself, I, self, what I am ; innd, the p$ltt, of
innen, to put on, also receive within ; my innd sounds
precisely as we pronounce mind, and my as we do my.
For the source of my I refer, as is usually done in this
Essayf^to the original and unrivalled dissertations of
Bilderdijk. To mind, is to receive within the mind, to
use the mental faculty in regard to the subject. The
latin mens, mentis and italian mente are the same word
with mind, Nilconscire sihi, to have nothing upon
one's mind ; gnothei seauton, mind,tknow yourself; can
never apply to a cow. The corresponding term in french
is tete, teste, in italian testa ; q. e, head ; and mind,
head and testa are used by the italians and ourselves as
synonymous ; for example, it came into my mind, it
came into my head, mi neniva.nella mente, mi veniasa
nella testa, are a same expression in both languages
and with the french il m'est entre dans la tete ; and
teste seems founded on the dutch tasten, to -taste, to
test, and thus as that by which all is felt, tested or
tasted, tried, witnessed, perceived, known; to taste
^happiness, is to fed, to know -happiness,; il a tkik de

56 ABCHJIOLOGY Of

la miiere, he has been tried, tested by, has "tasted, ttna*
fortune; and fasten is the verb of tast, touch, feel,
taste, with which our test, as trial, judgement, power
oS distinguishing or knowing is a same word, as is the
french teste, tete, head as that wh^e feeling, power of
knowing, distinguishing between, is concentrated, eon-
tidned. Te4e a tete, head to head, mind to mind, one
by the other," two only, and of course the consequences
to themselves implied by others. Hence also testicles^
^at by which the sex is known, felt, tried ; the italian
testicolo, the latin testieulzes ; and testis, witness, is
merely the latinized tast as above explained. Hence
also testament^ as that which witnesses the mil, desire,
command, order ; the latin testari, to bear witness, to
attest; testimony ; testy ^ peevish, touohy, susceptable,
affected ; a touchy man and a testy man are a same
expression ; but it were endless to go in with the branch-
ings of a theme which would fill more pages than this
vdoijle admits of. The dutch term for mvnd is gemoed^
moedy whence om* mood, disposition.

** That ilke stone, a God thou wolt it call
" I ^rede The let thine bond upon it fall,
*' And ^AST it well and stone thou shaite it finde,
" Sens that thou seest not with thin eyin blinde."

Ckaiccer.

" Then there weren there yonge pore scholeris two,

" That dweltin in the hall, of which I say,

** ^ESTiSB they were, and lustie for to play." Idem,

II say to you, I advise you ; reden^ to speak to, raeden, to advise,
to council, and / rede may be the pres : tense of either. 2Feel,
touch, try. STesty, touchy, heady, obstinate. Pore is there as
puref mere, entire, complete.

POOS

(f ormeily pover); insufficiently provided wanting that
which is necessary to the occasion ; the dutch pover;
ceems as behoeve'r ; q, e. wanting has place there, the

mTRSBBT RHYHSS. 57

nsedfiil is deficient there ; that which is necessary is
ftiiling here, Bekoeve^ the part. pres. of behoeven, to
kieed, to be in want, to behove, not to have the needftd,
that which ought or is becoming to be had. P and b
interchange even in the same malect; and behoeve't
sounds povery the original form of poor, A poor
creature^ is a being in whom either moral or physical
deficiency has place. A poor performance^ is a de-
fective miserable performance. A poor man^ is a nan
in an indefinitely comparative state of w^t, one that
has less than is requisite for him in remtion to the
position he holds in society ; also one who has not the
means needful for sustenance for the calls of nature.
A poor soil is the reverse of a rich soil, an unproduc-
tive soil, wanting in the due qualities of soil. We are
dtpooT creatures y as the extorted avowal of a reflecting
human being, is as, we are all the creatures of incessant
wailts, of necessities; do we eat diink, or sleep but
when we feel the want or craving to do so? w not
prayer the consequence of our desires or wants either
moral or physical ? Chaucer spells the word indifferently
poDer^ pooir, pore ; pover as the same word with the
\i?\, p&oerOy tlie span, pobre^ the french jpaww^, and
the latin pauper. But poor, as used in the endearing
or reflective epithet in Such phrases as my poor child;
my poor mother ; father ; friend; &c. iu reference to
either as taken from us by death, is then the dutch puuTy
puer^ and thus as the disembodied souU the disencum-
hered being of them or him ; that by which they were
precious or dear to us ; in the other sense of poor
It would be absurd. Puur^ puer^ pure, freed from all
mixture, unadulterated, sounds poor. My poor child y
in reference to my dead child, is as, my child who ar't
now sheer spirit, shade, essence, gone from me, taken
from my sight, but elsewhere in existence, for if not
deemed so the expression would be mockery. From
thisjPMwr, puerj we have the term pure, and the latin
it8^2<r2^^, and probably the greek its pur, f re, as the
purifying element, that which frees the essence from the

' I

it

58 ARCHEOLOGY Ot

substaDoe* Puer, puur^ as pure, innocent, free from
crime, stain, seems also the source of the latin pner^
child, boy ; as one at an irresponsible stage of life, and
thus incapable of intentional evil, and therefore free
from accountable crime or sin, of which jmella, a fe-
male child, a girl, is a scion.

".>pooR, little, pretty, fluttering thin^,
" Must we no longer live together ?
" And dost thou prune the trembling wing
To take thy flight thou knows't not whither.*' Prior,

POOR little flutt'ring thing
Whither ah ! whither would'st thou wing
Thy flight." fTJie address of the dying man to his

fleeting soul, J

1 Pure, disencumbered, freed from the body; naked, uncovered. In
the expression poor 90ul, the term soul is as sole, alone, abandoned
by ftU, and thus as the sympathy zijig condolence with one in that
state ; seev^L p, 186. art, sullen.

WITHOUT RUTMB OR REASON ;

without consideration, reflection ; seems 7vi8 uit raeme^
hoore rije sdn ; q. e, council being certainly omitted,
order is at an end with it ; method quite overlooked,
there is no regularity there ; exclude completely reflec-
tion, due order takes leave with it. Wis^ gewis^ cer-
tainly, surely, entirely ; uit the imperative of uiten^ to
cast out, to exclude: raeme^ councilling, reflecting,
planning, the part. pres. of raemen^ to contrive, to de-
liberate ; hoore^ the pres. tense of Jtooren^ to cease ;
rije^ regularity, order ; so'n^ at once, then ; 'w, in ;
ra£mey sounds as we utter rhyme^ which in its direct
import is rym^ the substantive contraction of rying^
the part. pres. of ryen^ rygen^ to regulate, to make ac-
cording to rule of sight, mind, ear. Another form is,
neitJier rhyme nor reason ; when it seems, nie hie ter
raeme, no hoore rije so'n ; q. e. no deliberation, having
place here, no deliberation being had, regularity

Nt7IlSERT RHTlflK. 59

Uiere must of necessity be out of the question, out of
sight, lost to view. Rhyme and reason^ as rational
conduct, seems, raem, ende rije so'n q, e, deliberate,
think well first, and order follows of course; think
well before you act, and all you have a right to expect
will be the consequence; ra^tw, the imperative of the
above raemen; nie, never; hie, here in this case;
teTy prep : to, at, in, into, within, and thus disappeared,
out of sight ; no, nood, necessity, due couise of things ;
ende, and. Johnson says, rhyme or reason, is as
number or sense ] jN'o hoore, sounds nor ; rije sd'n,
reason ; ende^ and ; nie hie ter, neither.

*^ I was promised, on a time,
** To have reason for my rhyme ;
*' But from that time unto t^is season
I had NEITHER RHTHE NOR REASON." Spenser.

The guiltiness of my mind drove the grossness of the
foppery into a receiy'd belief in despight of the teeth
01 all RHYME AND REASON, that they were fairies. ''

Shakespear,

PICCADILLY ;

«8 the well known entrance into London from one of
the high roads that lead to it'; seemsr pick er, de Mile
hije ; q. e. whip there, the hill is jading, hard for the
horses to get up, in reference to the hill of that place
which ages back was probably of a far more arduous
ascent than since the improvements continually made
there ; apply the lash to the team that it exert itself to
drag the load up this jading hill ; and sounds Picca-
dUly. Pick, the imperative of picken, to lash, to
stimulate, to prick, and also to peck with the beak
with which our to peck is a same word, and so is the
hencYi piquer^ to provoke, and our pique, malevolence;
hille, hill ; hiJe, jades, fatigues, makes to pant ; already
often explained. Held by others as peccadillo, a small
sin, in reference to imaginary gambling houses being

i3

(4

60 imCHJtOLtOT Of

situated ia that street ; but there is no such word lat
any language.

as in stone-horse^ stone-fruity ke, as well as in that
ofthemaleof the human race; wsems^ stone ; q. e sus-
taining, keeping up, supporting^ the part. pres. of
stonen^ steunen, to support, to keep in its place, and
thus as that by which the race or kind in point is kept
up, keeps its place, for without it neither man nor beast
could have continuance in the present state of being,
neither could the fruits of the kinds to which it belongs ;
for the graft wears out. Stone in its direct sense is the
dutch steyn, steen, and clearly grounded in staen (in
germ, stehen) to stand (formerly to stont) to be fixed on
^ spot or place ; the stet/n, pier of Brighton, retains
4he original form, and is as the stone walk. Stone-
dead, cold and stijQT dead, quite sOj was formerly stan-
*dede; and stone, as testicle, is that which supports,
fixes, keeps firm, a race-or progeny.

^' Nai cosin mine, it stont not so with me.'* Chaucer.

^' And homewards went agein with drede and eke fere.
Into his fadir's chamber, sodenly ^he rakid,
And fond him ^ligg stan-dede, oppon the straw A

[nakid." Idem,

^ To make fruit without core or BTOSit is a curiosity.'

Bacon,

'''Where there is most arable land, stone-horses or
" geldings are more necessary." Mortimer,

He left no stone unturned (explained under another
original form mv. \,p. 102) ; he did all that was in his
power to do in the case; seems, hie lije heft\ noe
stone; hun taend; q, e, here distress is taking place;
support is wished ; it is almost over with them ; in this
case misery is at hand ; they cannot do without assistance ;;

KUBSSAT RHY1CS8. 61

tbey are.nearlj done over ; and thus a humane appeal
from brother man to assist the other and his family in
distress, misfortune. Unaspirate hun taend^ and it
sounds unturned. He came in as the resound of hie^
ber« ; lyje^ part. pres. of lijen^ Ipdeny lieden^ to sujQTery
to be in pain ; heft^ takes hold, keeps place, fixes, the
pres. tense of heften^ Iwften^ to clutch, to hold fixed ;
whence our haft as the handle of the blade of the knife ;
9»o£, nood, the pot. pres. of no-en^ nooden, to invite,
•to call upon or for; stone^ part. pres. of stonen^
steunen^ to support, to assist ; taend, the pres. tense,
of taenen, tanen, to change appearance, to eclipse, to
extinguish gradually and so to come to an end, to dis-
«#ppear; whence our to tan^ as changing the colour
or appearance of leather, and also of the skin of the sun-
burnt face ; and tan^ the substantive is as the part. pres.
of the verb. But the phrase-may be referred simply to a
£Eunily quarrel, and theft tornd, would be the word in-
stead of taend (for they both sound the same) and
hun tomd^ is they are in a rage with each other, man
and wife ; tornd the pr«et. of tomen^ to be in rage,
ibry, passion.

** Women wept no stone unttjhned

** In whidi the cause might be concerned,

**' Brought in their children's spoons and whistles,

" To purchase swords, carbines and pistols." Hudibras,

Taendy sounds turned, and iaenen, teenen, to irritate,
has an analogous import with to tan, as to change, and
is not that also the case of one in a state of irritation
QT passion ? Jle itirned upon Ma Jtsel ; he took him-
seli off upon some affront or dislike to stay any longer
for fear of what might ensue ; hie tornd opon hisse
hp el^; q. e, in this case rage, passion, rising up within
whispers, be off as soon as you can ; here passion
<coming up in the breast suggests to him the quicker
you go away the better; tornd in a state of anger,
Jury ; d^ on^M^ within, on^ in, within; hisse, whispers,

62 ABCHJEOLOQT OF

tells silently; hij the imperative of Jiifen^ to make
haste, to become breathless by what is done, with which
our kie is a same word ; hie away / ; el elsewhere, any
other place than where he is, Groundedly tornen and
tanen to become angry, furious, are a same word in
sound sense.

1 Reached, got into ; raeckty the prst. of raecken, reicken, to reach,
to arrive at. ^Lying stretched out, the part. pres. cf liggen, to lie
along.

TO HELP A BLIND MAN OVER THE STYLE;

to get another out of a scrape, to help another in
distress ; a well known phrase ; seems, toe hel 'p er
helyend nCaen ; hoeve'r deae tye el ; q. e. to the
one clearly done up and bearipg his state well, like
a man; the duty of others is to show themselves,
to be ready to assist him ; When it is evident the
one in point has been ruiiild by some accident,
it is a natural tax upon the other to go to do what he
can in the case ; hel^ helle, clear evident ; *je?, op, up,
over ; as, in all oeer, all at an end, finished ; hoeve'r^
the wanting there, that which is necessary there, as the
part; pres. of hoeven, hehoeven, to behove, to be requi-
site ; dese, to this ; tye, the part. pres. of tyen, tygen,
toogen, to show oneself, to go there or to; eln, another.
Belyend, helydend^ suffering contentedly, good hu«
mouredly.

FLESH AND BLOOD CANNOT BEAR THIS;

the warning of the gentle and patient one, to the crud
and brutal one; aeems, /el fieesche ende blood; ka
henne hot, heheere fhisse ; q, e, unfeeling oppression
puts an end to the coward (makes him another man) ;
the priest confounds the timid ; domineering over him
till he scouts him away in his turn ; wanton, savage
exaction makes another of the forbearing one ; the con-
fessor tyrannizes his dupe till he turns round and hoots
him off for ever ; gets rid of him, and supplies forbear-
ance by resistance ; and thus the usual scene between

lfU»S£RT RHYMES. 63

the half converted saxon and the intruded raissionarj ;
from the extorted suhmission of the one and the intruded
oppression of the other \fel^ savage, ferocious ; heesehe^
extortion; end^^ ends; bloody coward, imbecile; ka^
see V. 2. p, 297. I. 5, from the bottom; henne^ timid
one, embecile, feeble minded ; hott, bewilders, disturbs ;
hehecre^ makes himself master of, overawes ; tkiasey
turns to and hoots, hisses, as is done to frighten away
man or beast. Both forms agree in sound and import.
Flesh and blood is nonsense and applies as much to a
leff of mutton^ as to any thing else ; whoever used the
phrase in the sense of a human being or even of an ani-
mal ? ka henne hott, sounds cannot ; beheere fhutse,
hear this,

TO WISH IN ONE BAND, AND SHIT IN THE OTHER ;

to desire all that the mind may suggest ; to be in pain
for that which may not be attainable in all cases ; and
80 make a fool of himself; seems toe wie hisclie in,
man hije ind^ end schiet in de ho sere ; q. e. in giving
way to whatever comes into the head, an idle, vain tor-
ment has been had in, and great vexation springs from
it ; in fostering every idle wish, a painful worrying feel
shoots, comes, up in the mind, head ; and thus implying
not only the failure of satisfying every idle wish, but of
the ensuing penalty for harbouring it ; wie^ in any way
whatever, whatever may be ; hische^ silent suggesting
of the mind; whispering within; wan, vain, empty;
hye, tormenting, torment; ind, the praet. of hinen,
inen, to receive in, to take within ; schiet, springs up,
shoots up ; ho, top, the highest part of man, and thus
the head; hoofd, hood, head ; sere, seere, sorrowing,
being in pain, grieving. Jf^an sounds one ; wie hisch,
wish ; hye ind, Jiand ; schiet, shit ; de ho seere, the
other. To wish, in the direct sense, is, wenschen,
wunschen, to hope for, to choose, to prefer, to desire,
to pray for ; whence our wench, both as the female that
does her work as could be desired, and also as the one
desired as a bedfellow, implying one endowed with

64 ARCRiftOLOOT Of

that which maked her desirable in poitit of person and
manner, all that could be wished in her way. The
above phrase is well known, but little used, because of
the tnmsmograiication of schiet into shity which in its
direct sense is the d^ich 9ekit^ schyte,

TO TURK TAIL ;

to become an apostate from base, private, selfish mo-
tives ; seems, toe torn fhele ; q. e. an end to what he
was before, from motives that should not he told ; to
depart from this blustering passionate exhibition of zeal
in respect to the object of it, from a secret, private,
selfish, shameful cause, for some motive he feels it
behoves him to keep to himself ; toe tarn no more
blustering, no fire, zeal, passion, exaggerated feeling,
for the object in point ; no more what it was, having
become something else ; torn, passion, anger, and I
believe the same word with tae?i, irritation, vexation ;
it is also spelt toren, and is here as pretended passion,
warmth put on, feigned ; t'hele^ that which is or ought
to be concealed, not discovered, kept within the breast.
Torn^ sounds turn ; fhele^ tail, and is the part, pres;
of helen, to hide ; and tail'dy ran away, went ofi*, is as
fheld^ became hidden, was no longer to be seen.
Johnson says it is as, pulled hy the tail ! Helen is also
spelt heelen. Toe, at an end, finished.

** Would she turn tail to the heron, and fly quite out
" another way." Sidney.

" The conquering foe they soon assail'd,

" First Trulla ^staved and Cerdon ^tail'd." Hudihras.

1 Stood her ground, stood fixed, the verb of stavet a staff or stick
driven into the ground to hold up hurdles, &c. Johnson says to
stone and tail^ is to part dogs by interposing a stq^ and pulling the
tail/ SDisappeared, was no longer to be seen, ran off, and is t'heeld
fheld; q. e. departed, became hid, out of sight, disappeared.
Tndla behaved like a hero, a man ; Cerdon like a coward j a
woman ; and thus each against their true natures.

KUBSBRT RHYMES. ^5

TuRNi^D, in the phrase fit turned his stomach, is as ta-
end, offended, irritated, distiirbed,and the pret. o£taenen,
ieynen, teenen, tenen, to offend, to provoke ; but
clearly connected with taenen, to change the colour,
I saw the colour come into his face ^ I saw he was pro-
voked, ahgry, excited.

THIGH ;

th6 limb so called, the dutch dye^ in the same sense ;

iJTdperly dyghe ; q, e. , thickness, or thickening ; in re-
erence to that on which it stands, tiz, the leg. D as the
dialectical representative of th provides the th in thigh^
when dye sounds exactly as we pronounce that word.
Dye^ dije^ dyghe^ the part. pres. of d^en^ dijgJt^n^ to
increase, Lo oecome more, and so to thicken, Leg^ as
the limb, seems to be as iegge^ the part : pres : of leg-
gen^ to lay, to place, and thus that which lays or places
the object in point ; placing, fixing, standing of the thing
referred to. Hence the dutch leeck and our laick^ laia,
layman, as one of the unlettered class, and so below
that of the clerk or clergyman, the lawyer or priest, as
being at one period of a same profession or calling ;
andleeck is as leegh, humble, submissive, low, and so
beneath that which is referred to. Lay, seems as laeye,
the part. pres. of laeyen, laedeny to load, and«o as the
laying ow, as that which is layed, laden y loaded; and
layman is the loaded man, lated, laden, the one bur-
thened by those who were then exempt professionally
fVom being imposed on, viz, the clerks or clergy.
Tythe, tithe, I have no doubt is the dutch tyte, tijte,
tyde, drawn, exacted, the past. part, of tijen, tyden,
tyghen, and thus as that exacted, tugged, squeezed,
drawn out of one by another class of people ; and
has nothing to do with tenth part, but is simply as that
which the monk, friar, parson, or priest could squeeze
or draw out by any means his profession gave him.
Tiend, as tythe, is grounded in ti-en, tyen, to draw,
of which it is the past. part, tiend, getiend, and so as
that drawn, squeezed or extracted. Tien, ten, is also

K

66 ARCHJEOLOGT OF

grounded in ti-en, and is as the number which suc-
ceeds to the last of all figured and thus to that of 9, for
after 9 comes 0, the mark of nothing or emptyhess.
Tien, ten, belongs to this ti-en, to take away or with-
draw as the point where figures cease to be formed
as representatives of numbers, and thus withdraw ; and
is it this ambignity of import which has been converted
by the churchman into the source of ti/the and fiends
as tenths? Priest, parish -priest, was once and still is
in Catholic countries, one who drew or draws the tythe
of the produce of the parish and also one who drew or
draws out confession of the sins of the parish. I
take the term to be the dutch prest ; q. e. presses out,
extracts, draws out, extorts, in relation to what he claims
for dues, as well as from the letting out or confessing
dupe and penitents of his parish, so that the priest is
die prest, he who squeezes from purse and breast of
the Catholic ; and has acquired a substantive sense
from use. The french prestre, pretre, is the same
word with the addition of er, and thus he who extracts
or extorts in the place referred to ; and so is the dutch
pries ter. In old english the term was spelt jo^'f?*^^, in
Italian prete, in Spanish preste. But the term is also
used in the single sense of drawing a mean of subsis-
tance, a living in relation to the functionary in the
worship of communities anterior to the christian ;
we say the priests of Apollo, of the Sun, of t/ie
pagan, Sfc, and it is in this relation the feminized
priestess has been formed; in relation to the christians
worship there is no functionary of that sex. The in-
terloping i in priest, is as m field, the dutch veld, Sfc,
purely dialectical. Prest, the third person present of
presen, pressen, to press, to squeeze, and the metathesis
of persen, perssen. Parson (formerly personer) in
dutch persoon, seeTa8,perse so aen ; q. e. pressing so
on, squeezing thus upon; both in the import of tithe,
taker or squeezer and also of that of extiacter or extort-
er of confession, and thus professionally an extorter.
Perse, part : pres : of persen, and thus pressing, ex-

NURSERY RHYMES. 67

torting. Aen^ on^ upon. Pastor, as in the phrase,
tJie pastor of the parish ; die past oore ; q, e, the
properly placed ear, the suited or adapted ear, and thus
as that which is placed at the hole or little latticed
window of the confessional in order to receive the whisper
of the one who lets out or confesses his sins ; and sounds
the pastor. The word in english has nothing to do with
the latin pastor^ feeder of animals, shepherd ; though
Johnson says he is so in a moral sense, but dont name his
parish. Past^ the past, part, of passen^ to adapt, to
suit, to fit, to place duly. Oore^ oor^ ear, whence hoor-
en, to hear. It is evident that these last four terms are
a$ the language of the then ill- reclaimed and recreant
Saxon, he Vtrho felt as cajoled out of his deistical or
natural religion by the missionaries of those days ; and
of one whose language is identical with that of the
purest dutch of the present day. Perse aen so
sounds person^ broadly pronounced parson,

"Pore clerkes, for witte of schole I sette in churches,
** and' made soche^PERsoNES to prech; and tho was
** service in holy churches honest and devoute, in ple-
" saunce bothe of God and of the peple. But nowe
•* the leude for simonie is advanced, and ^shendeth at
*' holy churche. Now is steward for his achates, now is
" courtiour for his debates, nowe is eschetoure for his
" wronges, now is ^losell for his songes, ^PERSONERand
" ^provendre alone, with whiche many thriftye shulde
*• encrese." Chaucer.

iParsofis, 2Disgraces; schtnden^ to scandalize, in dutch. 3Flatterer,
puffer up ; as the dutch loue, praising, extolling, seUe, geselle, com-
panion. 4Parson of that place. ^Prebendary ; gnmnded in the
dutch prouand^ proviant, provender, provision, and thus one provided
for ; prove t is a sort of long cake or loaf given as charity.

A PERSON ;

a human being ; an appearance or presence of the man.
I have no doubt, the ellipsis of the dutch term man's per-
9oan ; q* e. man, man as a human being oi' either sex,

k3

68 ABCHJIOLOGY OF

in which sense, as regards etymology it has baffled those
who have pursued this department of science. W hat the
term meant they perceivea,but not why or how it had that
meaning. He or she canie in person^ and he or she
made his or her appearance, have a same sense. A
person told me, refers eoually either to man or woman as
the one who told me. To do a thing in person, is to do
it one's self, to be the one who did it. To sustain the
person of a magistrate, is to keep up the appearance
or exterior conduct of a magistrate. And it is the
above origin of the word person that makes it in all
cases inapplicable to any but the human being. If we
say, such a person is like a monkey, \i is as such a man
or human being is like a monkey ; but we can't say he
^as the person of a monkey, many persons saw it,
never includes the idea of an intermixture of men and
brutes. The person of a brute, of an animal, is
nonsense. The ground of persoon in m>ans persoon,
is the same as thai given to parson in the foregoing ar-
ticle, but perse is here in the single sense of expresses,
brings out, shows, presents, and not directly in that of
presses, squeezes, and thus a modification in the import
of a same sense. The latin and sipBLmsh persona and irench
per Sonne, are the ^i^ persoon, as explained. Venir
en per Sonne, is to appear, to show, to present oneself.
Sustinere personam regis, is to support the appearance
of a king, to represent the part of a king ; and affords a
decided sample of the priority of the use of Saxon or
dutch to any of those languages. The Father, Son,
and Holy Ghost, three persons and one God; is as,
three appearances of one God ; of a same God in three
ways, words.

" 'Tis in her heart alone that you must reign ;

*' You'll find her person difficult to gain." Dry den.

" In the PERSON of the christian gentile." Hooker.

*' I then did use the person of your father." Shakesp.

NURSERY RUTMBS. 69

*• From his first appearufice upon the stage, in his new
** PERSON of a sycophant or juggler, instead of his for-
" mer person of a prince." Bacon,

" A PERSON is a thinking being, that has reason and
** reflection, in different times and places. Locke, (A
definition of man if you will ; but certainly not of
person^ of which man is the original and necessarily
implied adjunct, for without it person would imply any
appearance, even that of a hog, or piece of roood.J

" Disguised in a false personage/' Addison,

'* This immediate and personal speaking of God Al-
" mighty to Abraham, Job, and Moses," WTiite.

" HeroiccB person(e, Medea et Atreus," Cicero,

." Imposuit nobis ipsa natura personam magna cum
'* excellentia prestantiaque animuntium reliquorumJ"

Idem,

CHILD ;

offspring, produce in an indefinite sense, seems, schild;
q. e, put parted from, detached, and so produced
trom, made from, in reference to the object of the con-
text where the term is used. Hie child of God^ is the
being produced by, come from God, as the Creator;
a man or wom^ns child^ is the offspring, produce of
either; schild, geschild, the past. part, of schilen,
the frequentative form of schien, schieden, to cut, to
part, to divide; whence, I have no doubt the latin
^cinder e,scldi,scissum, and the greek schizein,schidein,
in the same import ; as well as the dutch scheyden, to
depart, and the Spanish chulo, chula, boy, girl, and the
scotch chlel (child) ; besides a host of words in various
dialects. The plural children is a frequentative form,
and probably as schilderen ; q, e, paintings^ images,
and thus things, representatives, taken from original
stocks, a coming off from something previously existing,
formed. And what else are children f We say such a
one is the image ^very picture J of his father, mother,

72 ARCHJ20L0GY OP

of ylen^ to ail, also to be fanciful, half mad, full of
whims ; schiey wholly, also quickly, soon ; toe, at an end ;
giete^ part : pres : of gieten^ to pour out, to shed, to
spill ; ream, wamme, womb ; aen, at, by. A child of
sorrow ; er sckie yld of sate rouw ; q, e, this is one
q!jite mad from pining grief; of, from ; «or^,part. pres.
of soeren, to languish, the verb of sore, wound, ulcer,
whence our sore: rouw, anguish, trouble. In the
familiar phrase / am with child to have (buy J that
picture ; Sfc, the words with child seem to be a mod-
ification of the above explained wijse schie. yld ; showing
a fancy for, a longing for, a desire to have it, to buy it,
feeling a desire to possess it.

" And saw in his chamber his picture, very well done ;
" and am W[th child till I get it copied out, which I
" hope to do when he is gone to sea." Pepys's mem,

SPARE rib;

as when we say, that is a spare-rib of pork; seems, er
speure ribhe ; q. e. there traces of the ribs, the marks,
tiacings of the off-cut ribs of tlie animal in point ;
speure^ the part. pres. of speuren, sporen, to trace, to
mark out ; whence spore, spur, as that which marks,
leaves traces of its having been used, applied to the
flanks of the horse ; spore, is properly the end of the
Jack-boot armed with the rowel of a spur, such as was
once used here, and still is on the continent ; calcar
f erratum, ironed-heel ; calcarihus equum agitare, to
spur on a horse by the heels, to excite his action by the
appliance of the heels, spurs.

EA8TEE ;

now the term for the time of commemoration of the
resurrection of Christ ui an absolute sense ; but origi-
nally, and in truth, that of the human individual in
general ; the dutch ooster ; seemingly as hoe *s feer ;
q. e, ascending, (rising up, resurrection) is to the state

NtTRSERY RHYMES. 73

(place) of before ; and rising in reference to the dead
necessarily implies again as to having been before up
(alive); and thus resurrection (revival) to the prior
state of existence, without regard to place, jSbe, the
part. pres. of ho-en^ hoogen^ to go on high, that is, to
bejond the human ken, for who has seen the end (ter-
mmation) of high f high has no limit within the com-
prehension of the human mind ; we say, the high God^
tdgh heafcen>, and mean, in both cases, that which is a-
bove our comprehension, beyond our (ken) sight. He is
gone on AiyA, he is dead ; he is gone to where he is unseen
by those below, in reference to what he was in regard
to them ; t' te^ to> up to, on to ; eer^ before, prior to,
former existence; and also one to be preferred, better,
rather to be had than this ; and may then be as to a
better place or state ; but the first I think is the true
sense ; though eer^ the source of our ere^ before, has
both meanings ; ere this, before this, rather than this.
JPkques, pasqua, the french and italian term for easter,
is as a hebrew term, of the same sound and letter,
meaning transition, passing over from one state (place)
to another ; the passover, is the easter of the Jew ;
and I have no doubt in the original sense, of resur-
reetion, ascending as from hence to thence, from this
world to another; though rabbi-craft may have referred
it to the smiting of the Israelite by his Divinity.

" The Lord's passover, commonly called easter, was
** ordered by the common law to be celebrated every
** year on a sunday." Ayliffe's par,

THE EAST ;

as the quarter where the sun rises; the dutch oost^
with which the germ, ost and fr. est are a same
word; seems, e^^o^ hist; q. e, the rising makes red,
inflames, in relation to the sun and the place of its be-
ginning appearance; in the same way that the latin
oriens, east, is as rising in reference to sol, sun, and the
quarter where it does so ; hoe, the part. pres. of ho-en^

L

74 ABCHJkOLOGT OF

hoogen^ to rise to mount up, to go up ; hist^ the pres.
of tiissen^ hiscJien^ Jiitsen to inflame, to light up, to
kindle, to fire, also to enrage, to excite ; de Iwe hist,
h no letter, sounds oost. H. Tooke's derivation of it
has the aug. sax. yrsian, to rage as wind, is a ground-
less guess; where*s the analogy in sound or fact?
pur to hoist, as in to hoist a flag, an anchor, &c. seems,
ho hitsen ; q, e. to force up, to drive up, hitsen heing
there in the sense of to drive on, to instigate, to make
to 20 on ; ho, on high. Oo with ca is a usual dialet-
ical interchange; hood, head, dood, dead, lood lead,
groot, great, &c. the west ; the dutch de west ;
french Vouest; seems as waeste, q, e, diminishing,
going off*, wearing away, consuming, in relation to the
sun as daylight, in the same manner as the latin occidens,
in the same sense, refers to sol, for without a reference
it would have no meaning ; pr ope Jam occidente sole,
already near sun setting ; occasus has a same meaning
and upon a same ground ; solis exortus, cursus,
occasus nemo admiratur^ quod quotidiefiunt ; nobody
is wonder struck, surprised by the rise, course, and set
of the sun, because they are daily occurences. From
waesten, we have our to waste, the latin its vastare,
the italian its guastare, and the french its ^a«^^r,^a^^r,
in a same sense. W'aeste, part. pres. of rvaesten,
woesten, rvuesten, to waste, to consume. Qitasten,
quisten, kwisten, in a same import are of the same
stock.

SIR JOHN BARLEY CORN ;

an exclamation used by country folks, when they meet
a drunken comrade, and taken usually as one full of
beer, the produce of barley-malt ; an erroneous inter-
pretation suggested by analogy of sound to the original
words, which seem seerje hoon, by er ley kor'n ; q. e.
a sore disgrace to any one; it leads the way to the jus-
tice ; a painful disgrace for any one, it makes him liable
to be called to account by a court of justice ; and thus
a reproof from the sober to the drunken one whea

NURSERY RHYMES. 75

they meet. Seer, sorely, very, sensibly, grievously,
adverbially used ; the same word with sore, seer, sore ;
in an adjective sense, painful, sickening ; in a substan-
tive one, pain, grief, sickness. To sigh sore, is to
sigh very much; sorely woimded is very much
wounded. A sore place is a painful place or part.
He is sore upon the subject, he feels pain upon that
subject. Sorely in reference to the appearance of a
horse's coat, seems sor-hel, very bright, and implies of
colour, which I believe here is a tint of redness ; a
sorel horse, is a reddish, bright coloured horse ; hel,
bright, clear, shining. Suer, soer, sour, belongs here,
in the import of painful, disagreeable to the taste ; a
sour temper, is a disagreeable, painful, sore temper,
as well to others as themselves ; the beer is sour, the
beer is disagreeable, painful to drink; sorrel seems
soer-hel ; q, e. clearly sour, and consequently jt?a^7^/^^^/
to the taster of the plant so called. Hoon, hon, hone,
disgrace, reproach, whence the old trench honnir, to
disgrace, to reproach, honte and the italian onta,
shame, disgrace. Honnle soit qui mal y pense,
shame to him who thinks shamefully of others ; who
judges of others by himself, for to think ill of others
without cause, proof, is to judge of them by self, and
of course, in such case, by that of a perverted nature.
Kor, kore, keur, justice, jurisdiction ; the place where
justice is fancied; where law is imagined to be dis-
tributed ; hence the verb keuren, koren, to discern the
law, to see and say what the law is, to administer the
law, to rule the law; and has also the import of to
choose, to discern, to select, to elect, whence the latin
curia, senate, the select or chosen of the community,
also curare, to take care of and our lO cure, as that
which is done by taking care of; as well as our own
term curate, originally parish-priest, and thus he who
is supposed to take charge of the morals of the people
of his parish, to attend to the cure of their souls ;
keuren ende breucken, laws and customs, leges et
consiietudines. Court, in court of law, is where law

l3

76 ARCHEOLOGY OF

is taken care of, attended to, and is as er keurt, kort^
there, in that place attention is paid or care is taken of,
in reference to law, justice, and is the past. part, of
keuren, koren; and the french cour, in the same
sense, seems as keure^ kore^ the part. pres. and thus
the giving attention, taking care of, in the same rela-
tion; court, the place where the chiefs attendants
Tmenials, servants) assemble, is the same word, in re-
ference to such as the chief chooses, selects to visit and
attend on him or her ; hence the italian corte, court,
and courtier y which last term seems as kort hijer ;
q, e, chosen slave, servant; hije'r^ slaving, hard-
working there, the part. pres. of hijen, to slave, to
work hard, to gasp for want of breath ; V, er^ there.
But courts as when we say, he made court to her^
seems, hy nt'eede kort, toe eer ; q. e. with vehement
asseveration he sighed without thinking of self respect ;
he swore and coo'd, forgetting self; in reference to the
making court to the chief, or official one ; toe eer, is no
part of the phrase, which sounds precisely he made
court to her; m\fneQ, mede, with; cede, swearing,
making oaths, the part. pres. of eeden, to take oath, to
swear to ; koert, the pres. tense of koeren, to coo, to
sigh like the dove, and is the frequentative of to coo,
the onomatopy of the loving murmur heard from the
dove to its female. But coy, as shy, reserved, averse
to making love, at least in appearance; seems, kau
fkoujje ; q, e, cold to a certam one, treating the one
meant with coldness, and implying not so to some
others, has no affinity to the term coo in source;
nor has decoy, as trap, snare, which is simply de koye ;
q, e, the cage, pen, coop ; whence we have made the
verb to decoy, to allure into the snare, to lead into the
cage or trape, to ensnare. Court, as in courtyard,
courtpy, an old term for a short outer garment, is as
the dutch kort, the french court and the italian cortOy
short, contracted, making a contracted yard or enclo-
sure in one case, and short cloak in the other, py being
the dutch pye, winter cloak, short great coat or clo^ ;
the spenser of the saxon day.

NURSERY RHYMES. 77

r

" Full thredbare was his overist courtpy

" For he had gettin him no benefice." Chaucer,

TO SAY BY HEART

fin literal import nonsense) ; to complete a task
without the aid of genius or talent ; seems, toe's hye
hy aert ; q, e. the work is done, talent aside ; the task
is over, genius having nothing to do in the case ; and
thus it has been done by a purely artificial or mechan-
ical mean. To know by lieart; to have acquired by
extrinsic means, without intrinsic faculty, seems, toe
nod, hy aert ; q. e. the needful obtained, without the
aid of talent, genius having no share in it ; to have
earned mechanically what has originated in a genius,
talent foreign to your own. To learn hy heart; to
imbibe or take in vrhat the talent of another has pro-
duced, with which your own had nothing to do, seems,
toe leer en, hy aert ; q. e. science or skill acquired,
without innate capacity. Each of the above three ori-
ginal phrases resound precisely into the travesty as
given. Toe, concluded, obtained, the end acquired,
ended. 'aS', is, is. By, aside, on one side, out of the
way, not there. SLye, labouring, work, labour, pains.
Aert, a^rt, nature, genius, original talent, that which
is given naturally, comes from nature ; aspirated it
sounds heart, in dutch hert, herte, which in its direct
sense, seems as hart, herte, herd, heerd, focus, fire
centre, hearth, as that on which the fire was anciently
made, so that the ground sense of heart would be the
point or place whence warmth was distribute 1 through-
out the whole frame of the being in question ; and is
not this the fact ? Noo, nood, need, the needfiil, what
is necessary. Leere, learning, science, doctrine, in-
struction. 'iV, in, in, comes in, takes in.

HE DOES NOT THINK SMALL BEER OF HIMSELF;

whatever others may think of his defects, he views
them as graces ; what others deem blemishes self love
converts into beauties \ seems, hij dus nauwt ! sie,

78 ARCHEOLOGY OF

hincke ! smae el bij er ! hoff' hem' self; q, e, one so
unfortunate ! look he limps ! he excites a sneer from all
who stand by him ! self exalts him ; here is he who
is maltreated by nature ! see there how he hobbles ! all
that pass him jeer him ! self from within tells him a
flattering tale (fills him with pride, self glory) ; others
see his blemishes, but kind nature inspires him with an
exalted opinion of himself and thus as a kind mother
consoles for the evil which she has brought out by pro-
ducing him. Dus^ thus, in this way, so much ; nauwt,
f^enauwt^ the past. part, of nauwen^ nooderiy to dis-
tress, to ill usi», maltreat, handle roughly ; sie^ the imper-
ative of sien^ to see, to look ; hincke^ the third pers. pres.
pot. mood of hincken^ to limp, to go lame, to hobble ;
sf.nce, swardr, sneer, reproach, derisioii ; el, each one,
every one, other ; biJ er, by there, near the place in
]>oirt: se//\ self: /lem, to him, him; kqffe, puffs,
glorilies, a[)plHuds, praises, the pres. tense of hoffen, to
huzia, to show respect by acclamation. A phrase in
spite of its homely terms, of^en used in the best edu-
cated company, and agrees completely in regard to
sound aiid sc«nse with its original, in relation to some
self conceited pretender to unpossessed peifections.
Small ill a direct sense is smael, snial, in the same im-
port, and seems, as the privative s and mael, measure,
extent,sj)ace, and thus diminished extent, measure, space ;
indefinitely less or little in measure, extent.

THE CROSS KEYS ;

as the sign of an inn. But why adopted as such? I
take it, as in so many other analogous instances, to be
the literal, or rather pictorial, type of the sound-sense of
the original inscription or written token over the door
of an alehouse, the inn of the saxon period, and which
surviving the direct use of that dialect has, like the
great mass of the present english, gradually and imper-
ceptibly changed its sound sense into a Hteral form
bearing no other relation to it than a letter imitation of
a bygone sound and a meaning that has long outreached

KUR8ERY RHYMES. 79

the present day. No language has passed the ordeal of
so rapid and so general a metamorphose as the english ;
owing to circumstances that belong to its political his-
tory. In developing the origin of several of the older
and best known ot these inn- signs by the original
words of which they represent the literal import in
painting, and as they all begin by the article /A^, to
avoid repeated explanation, I shall premise, that I take
it to be the literal form of t'hye ; q, e. to the tired one,
to the wearied one, to the distressed ; or else as fhij^ to
he, to him, ever in reference to the traveller, wanderer,
passenger, either on foot or horseback, or to the la-
bourer or working one, and which sounds the ; hije the
part. pres. of hijen, to pant, to gasp, from hard work
or pace ; we say the horse is distressed, and mean for
breath, breathes with effort, painfully ; ^,' te, too, too
much, over much ; also to. And it is always inferred
that original and travesty have a same sound. T'hije
kro8 kies ; q. e, for the tired traveller or labourer a
choice cup, good drink, best of liquor ; inferiring to be
had here ; kros^ kroes^ cup, pot, whence kroesen, to
tipple, to tope, to drink hard, and our to caroiLse, in a
same sense ; A;i^^^,choice,whence kiesen^keusenjcoosen,
to chuse, to make choice of, to select from out of. the
ELEPHANT AND CASTLE ; t'Mje eel leef hatidt, end keye
hast fel; q, e, to the traveller this house proffers pre-
cious ale, and he is a fool that goes on farther for it ;
here the traveller will be accommodated with the best
of beer, and it is only a blockhead that would go else-
where for it ; eel^ ael^ ale, strong beer, liquor ; leef\
lief^ precious, delightful, lovely ; handt, the pres. tense
of handen^ to supply or provide with ; keye, idiot ;
hast, the pres. tense of hasten, haesien, to hasten, to
go on with fatigue, trouble ; fel to some other place.
THE IRON PEAR TREE ; still used as a sign in some parts
of the country, for instance, at lledenham in Hants ;
fhij hye roen here te rije ; q, e. to he (him) fatigue,
(hard breathing) whispers within, some beer would be
the thing, that which will do the tiring one good set

80 ARCHJSOLOGY OP

him right ; or the iron, might have been as, die hyt
roene, the tiring leg hints ; p and b interchange ; die,
dye, diede, thigh, leg ; hye, tiring, wearing out ; but I
think the first form truest; roene, the pres. pot. of
roenen, to whisper, tell from within; here, bier, beer,
strong liquor, fermented liquor ; te rije, according to
order, rule, right, condition, thb goat in boots ; on
the Fulham road ; fhije gote in boefs ; to the hard
working (tired one) a drop within does good ; to the
distressed by the journey a drink of some kind of li-
quor is of service ; gote, drop, pouring down ; we say,
he has taken a drop too much, and mean he has drunk
too much, is drunk; boeten den dorst, to quench the
thirst. From^o^^, the hXmhsiAgutta, the french their
goute, and we our gutter ; boete, baete, service, benefit,
with which our boot is a same word, the white
HORSE CELLAR ; fkij w'hyte hoor^s eel laere ; q, e, to
he who works hard it is fit he should empty the ale
jug ; have a draft of strong beer ; hyte, the pres. pot.
of hyen, to labour, to toil ; hoore's, is becoming, due ;
eel, aelf ale ; laere, the part. pres. of laeren, to empty,
to imfill; to empty your glass is to drink its contents.
THE SIX BELLS ; fh^e siecke's, bij eel's ; q. e. too much
hard work sickens, here's ale at hand; over fatigue
makes faint, here's a remedy close by, hard by, easy to
be got at ; siecke the part. pres. of siecken, to lan-
guish, to become feeble, ill, out of order ; bi;, close to.
the world's end ; also a sign on the Fulham road ;
fhif waere hoeWs end; q, e, to the harrassed travel-
ler here's an end; to him who is worn down by
walking, the alehouse is a finish ; wa£re, the part. pres.
of rvaeren, to walk up and down, to wander, whence
our to weary; hoeld, the past. part, of hoelen, to tor-
ture, to torment ; end, as with us. the crown and
sceptre ; fhije krone hande sept er ; q, e, to the dis-
tressed working one that which is drank is of use;
to the tired out of breath traveller, refreshment is

food; krone, breathing with difiiculty, fetching the
reath with pain, the part. pres. of kronen, gronen^

NURSERY RH?MES. 81

ffrooneUj to groan, to breathe hard; sept^ the past,
part, of seppeUy sippen^ suppen, to sip, to take a sup,
to drink piece-meal by sippings ; hande, the pres. pot.
mood of handeriy to be proper for, to do good to. the
CROWN INN, fhije krone inne ; q, e, to the one out of
breath with work or travelling here's the place for him
to come into ; one where he will be welcomed,^ well
received. The saracen's head; t'hije's haere^ roM
inne 's hie eedt ; q, e, the labourer (traveller) is shiver-
ing with cold, the taking him in as quickly as possible
is what this house (place) is bound to. do; the passenger
is shaking with wet (cold) the receiving him at once is
the duty (engagement) of this place ; to travel, impUes
hard work, and is the same word with the french tra-
vailler^ to labour, and in reference to days when the sax-
on road was simply the path made by the foot of man or
horse, not the turnpike-affair of our day, and thus a
truly laborious job to get on by; haere, the part. pres.
of haereny to shiver with cold ; ras, raseh, quickly, at
once ; whence our rash, hasty ; inne the part. pres. of
innen ; hie, here ; ecdt, geeedt, the past. part, of eeden,
to engage, to bind up, to make out, to bind by oath, to
promise. A Saracen, in the direct sense, was one of
a race of men from Syria, who had invaded the holy
land and against whom the blustering crusaders lent
their useless and officious aid, but is now extinct, at
least in name. If any one can believe, as some are
said to do, that the sign in question is the pictured
glorification of such vermin, here's no intention to
disturb his creed.

MINE;

the pronoun ; the dutch mijn, myn, which seems as,
inij inne ; q, e. come to me, in to me, received by me ;
we say, there is that sum come (coming J to me in a
sanae direction of sense ; mij, to me ; innen, to come
in, to inn, to get to, to house, whence our to inn ; hence
the french mien, the latin meus, ital. mio, and germ.
meyn ; inne is there as the passive praet., is come in, is

M

82 ARCHEOLOGY OF

inned. Mibn, countenance, appearance, in french min&y
is the dutch mijne^ which I take to he as mi) in, in me,
a part of me, belonging to me as a whole; but the
dutch mijne, has also the sense of talent, natural facul-
ty, genius, and is then also from a same source, as that
which is made a part of the one in point by birth, na-
tural means, nature. Mine, as that by (from) which ore
(minerals) are come at, dug out, and also as that of the
engineer, seems, nChye inne ; q, e, gone into my la-
bour, got into by working, in rrference to the digdng
necessary in making it ; and the latin equivalent/b^^na,
is clearly from fodere, to dig. To this stock also be-
longs meynen, meenen, to mean, to intend, to propose.
Yoimyney as mien^ countenance, the latin equivalent is
vultug ; is qui appellatur vultus, nullo in anbnante
essCy prceter honiinem potest; that which is called
countenance (mien) can exist in no other living creature
than man ; nor can mien in the same sense, as grounded
in my in, as self recognition, the being conscious of
self existence, knowing that I am ; we can't apply con-
science, as self knowledge to a cow, a flea, or a dog.
Nature decides against the idea of self responsibility in
any other existence than that of mankind. Vultus
sensus animi plerumque indicant^ looks for the most
part speak the feelings of the mind (the man) ; and we
say, 1 trusted to his looks^ in the import of, I trusted
to his feeling, to his due sense of right, to that which
was expressed by his look. Faire des minesy to make
faces IS to make looks (appearances) by another
hand than that of nature, and thus to put on artifici-
ally ; m\ mee^ mede, with, by ; kye, part. pres. of kyen^
to labour, to work.

" In thyself dwell ;

" Inn any where; continuance is hell." Donne.

*' All was INNED at last in the king's bam," Bacon,

THE MAN IN THE MOON;

as the wicked one who picked up sticks of a Sunday,

KtJESEKV RHVMSS. 83

and was pilloried in the moon for it ; a phrase known
to every one ; seems, de man in de moe hun ; q, e,
the man in the mind ; the man of their fancy or imagi-
nation ; the man existing no where but in the whim of
those who see the likeness of one in the moon ; mo^y
moede, muede, mind, fancy, imagination, mood. Moov ,
in its direct sense is the dutch maene^ maan^ and so is
the german mon^ and greek mini ; formerly spelt by us
mone; is grounded in m^a-en.mo'-en ^io mow,to cut or take
off by parts, and thus as the dividing, proportioning,
of time into periods, stated parts ; the days of the month
are counted by it, the months of the year also, and so the
divisor of time into days without end. Our month
(formerly moneth) the german monat are the same
word with the dutch maend. Here belong the latin
mania, lunacy, as that which is popularly imputed to
lunar influence, the greek men, month, mene^ moon,
as well as the latin mensis, month. A dutch phrase
for insanity (lunacy) is m^ene in't hoofd; q, e. the
moon in the head. Maene is also the producer of
maenen, maanen, to make aware, to give notice, to
advise, as the moon does in so many relations of life,
the periods of time in course, the supposed effect upon
intellect, the state of weather in some degree, and the
effect it is held to have on the state of the mind in
lunacy, as well as certain other periodical appearances ;
hence the latin monere in the same sense. The change
of o into e, ea, a is purely dialectical, nood^ need,
droom, dream, brood, bread, hoor, oor, hear, ear ; pous,
jpes ; nasus^ nose; eckeiUy toecho:mon, man; Sfc,^
Moe hun, sounds moon,

" But all so colde in love towardis The

" The ladie is, as frost in winter mone

" And thou fordon, as snowe in fire is sone»" Chaucer^

" Accordaunt with the birdis armony,
** Me thought it was the best melody.
" That mightin ben yherde of any uoN.'^Idenu

m3

84 ARCHEOLOGY OF

TO HOODWINK;

to be carelessly blind ; to be wilfully blind, to what is
going on, not to attend to what every body does except
yourself ; seems, toe hoed um hincke*; q, e. due care
at an end, you stumble about ; without caution, you
go on lamely ; like a blind man ; as if you could not
see ; and thus as for want of due care you do not do as
should be done in the case ; of this we have made the
above verb in the import of to cause to go on or act as
blind, to overlook that which is evident to all others ;
to blind; he was hoodwinked, he was blinded of
due care, caution. Toe, at an end, done for ; h/)ed,
heed, caution, attention ; um, you ; hincke, the pres :
pot : of hincken, to halt, to limp, to go lame, to go on
differently from others. tTw hinche, sounds wink. The
dutch have wenckcn, wincken, to nod to, to beckon,
to connive, to consent, to shut the eyes, whence
our to wink. We can say, he winks at his own dis-
grace, not, that he hoodwinks at his own disgrace.
Johnson says the term is as hood and wink, but what
is that ?

*' He HOODWINKED with kindness, least of all men knew
" who struck him." Sidney.

" Prejudice so dexterously hoodwinks men's minds as
" to keep them in the dark, with a belief that they are
" more in the light." Locke.

.*' We will bind and hoodwink him so, that he shall
" suppose he it carried into the leagues of the adver-
** saries." Shakesjp,

ace;

the winning card of the four suits of a pack, and when
turned up by the dealer, the winning card of the entire
pack, and then the ace of trumps, commonly, but
wrongly confounded as a same word with the ace of a
dye, the unit of one or two dice with which the game

NtJRSERT RHTMfiS. 85

of hazard is played. As that of the cards it seems as,
eyse ; q. e, alarming, disturbing, confounding, vexing,
in reference to those who play against the dealer, to
whom it secures a winning card, a sure trick, and as
sure a loss of one to his apponents. But the a^e of a
die, is simply the unit or single point of the six marks
on its six faces, and is there as the dutch aes, aas, a
point, a moment, an indivisible particle of either space
or time ; a thing of no moment, in which sense, we
also use the word (ice; not an ace of ground, is
not a particle of ground, and has nothing to do with
the ace in cards, except by blunder in the sense of the
same spelt word. The dutch have aes, aesken, eenke,
for the one or ace of the die, but not as that of the
cards. Eyse, yse, the part : pres : of eysen, ysen, to
surprise, to intimidate, to horrify, to shock; and sounds
ace. And Who that gambles, but has seen something
like the expression of disagreeable surprize in the face
of his opponents when the dealer has turned up an ace ?
A»i assis, was a latin term for the smallest coin
known smong the Romans, of which 10 made a denier,
ad assem omnia perdere, was as we should now say, to
lose the last farthing ; and as is the same word with our
ace, i. e, particle, least morsel, u^s, assis, and the
italian asso are a same word.

"** If a man blind fold casts a die, what reason in the
** world can he have to presume — he shall — throw an
" ACE rather than asise.'' South, fSise, six ; rt<?6', unit,
a point, and is the lowest, as six, sise, is the highest
mark, on a die.)

'^ He will not bate an ace of absolute certainty."
"I'll not wag an ace farther." Z)r^c?^w.

TO LOSE leather ;

the consequence of a freshman's riding ; seems, toe

86 ARCHiBOLOGT OF

luifs leij ers seer ; q, e, to the lazy one, the way (road)
is a sore backside; the consequence of travelling to
the one who has never stirred from home is a sore rump,
of course in relation to riding on horse back, formerly
the only mode of travelling, expept on foot, known to
our ancestors ; the original resounds into the travesty.
Luij, lazy, indolent ; ley^ leyd^ road, way, that which
leads from one place to another. Ers^ eerSy ars^ aers^
arse. Leij ers seer sounds leatlier,

** Hetuming sound in wind and limb,

" Except some leathee lost behind." Swift.

DOWN on his marrow BONES;

(see the other form of original words given v 2. p. 75.
of this Essay) ; an expression once more conmionly
used than now, for one in anxious hiuniliation of
mind from some oppressive treatment ; for some unre-
talliated insult ; seems, douw*n hone hisse, marre houw
by ons ; q, e. a blow received, whispers affront within,
sticks alas! by us; the slap cries shame within us,
holds, with pain I say it, fast to us ; implying hence
the abject state of the duly feeling mind for some
insult, while out of reach of proper retaliation ; but since
the loss of the strength of the original term, refers as
well to the bully and coward. 2>oww'«, blow given,
thrust, push, punch received; '«, iw, put in, got in;
hone^ hoon, shame, affront ; hisse, whispers ; marre,
abides, the pres: tense of marren, maren, maerren,
meeren, to tie up, to make fast, to delay, to retard, to
keep back, to hold to, with which our to moor is a same
word; to moor a ship, is to fasten; to fix a ship; to
station it ; houw, alas ! hold ! stop ! whence the latin
hetis ! echo ! alas ! and our ho ! hold ! as the exclama-
tion for stop ! listen to me ! hark ! hear what I have
to say. But the above marre houw may be, as, holds
fixed, holds fast within me ; perhaps is more truly so,
and gives the same sound ; so that the phrase would
then be as, holds fa^t within the mind, which comes to

NURSEBY RHYMES 87

the same thing ; houwen^ to hold, keep ; hij ons^ within
us, by us. From douwen, the verb, we have our to
douse, in the import of to thrust, to plunge, to give a
thrust, to douse into the water, is to plunge into the
water; to douse a man's chops, is to strike, give
a quick thrust, with the fist, to a man's cheeks, fece ;
a vulgar expression ; but one which every body under-
stands. The marrow, in the phrase, the marroro of
thejest, story, tale, seems also, die marre houwe ; q, e,
this holds fast ; this remains fixed within us ; and thus
the part of the jest that it is known or remembered by;
the pith, gist, essence of the story ; and marrow, in its
direct sense, seems also as that original form, in the im-
port of that which is fast within the bone ; in dutch
muerghe, marghe ; from the above marren, we have
to mar, to stop and so to disturb, destroy ; a marplot
is a stop-plot, one who disturbs a plot or plan; to
marry belongs here, in the import of to bind, to tie
up, to fix together; which with all the above given
forms of marren, seem grounded in the adverb maer,
maar, but, otherwise, and thus inherently carrying
the sense of stop, keep, fix, hold, take ; weest maer
niet verleegen, do not be cast down, abashed, is as
weest, be ; maer, stop, keep to you, hold to you ; niet
verleegen, the feel of not being abashed; maer niet
te last, but, only not to late, i. e. maer, stop, hold back,
niet te laet, not to late, and thus in time, that is, when
te laet, too late, is laid aside. See but, v. 2. p. 236 of
this Essay. Maer, sea, whence the french mer^ and
the latin and Italian mare, is that which never leaves its
place, stops in a same position ; and thus as opposed
to running waters, the thema is clearly in ma-en, me-en,
mo-en, to cut off, and so to stop ; he is cut off from all
society, he is stopped from going into any society.
The french mats, (but), the Spanish mas, and the italian
ma (but), belong, also to that thema. The dutch use
maer, in the import of lake, pool, in the reference to
its consisting of standmg, settled water ; water that
never flows from one place to the other as the river or
stream do.

88 ARCHiSOLOGY OF

ALiis;

that given to benefit another ; charity ,benevolent gift; the
contracted form of our ohaoleiealmeseyalmestfiSyalmose,
aimous, the dutch aelmisse^ aelmoesse, almoes, as ael^
final, left ; moes, meat, provisions, victuals, and thus
as the provisions left after the meal was done, the last of
the dinner, which was at a former period collected by
the almoner or family priest and thus distributed to the
poor. At that time the plates or trenchers consisted
of rye-cakes, something in the way of the scotch oat-
cakes; and upon these the meal of each was eaten, and
being untouched made the principal part of the leavings
of the banquet ; it is in this way the labourer still con-
tinues to eat his meal, though the slice of bread may
not be of rye, nor has he any table but the hand. Hence
probably the custom of laying bread beside the plate
at mealtime. Moes^ meat, victuals ; grounded in mo-
en^ to cut, as that for which meat is intended in order
to be used ; first by the butcher, then by the knife aiid
teeth of the eater.

■"Yet have ensample to gather the smale crom-

" mes, and t'ulhn my walet of tho that fallen from the
" bourde among the smalle houndes, notwithstanding the
" travaile of the ^almoigner, that hath draw up in the
" cloth al the '^remissailes, as ^trenchours and the relefe
** to the ALMESE " Chaucer,

lAlmouer, chaplain. ^Leavings from the rest that was eaten.
aTrenchers or plates of rye bread on which the meat has been cut
and which has been left unconsumed by the company at dinner.

TOMORROW MORNING;

the next or coming day ; seems, /o^ maerrhoe'ce maer
rC hinge ; q. e. due rest at an end, more is not suffered ;
proper repose ended, more is not permitted ; is not
necessary ; requisite cesation from the concerns of life
having been enjoyed, more than that is not tolerated ; in
reference of course to nature, natural order of life;
and thus expressing that mutual alternations of repose

KURSERT RHTHSS. 89«

and labour are^ in regard ta man, the means by which
the orderly duration of time is revealed ta him ; the
phrase has not been accounted for by any of our ety-
mologists; r^hoeve sounds row. We say tomorrore^
meauuig the next day indefinitely ; that is the coming
ni^ht or time of rest over, naturally the following day
or occupation time must be forthcoming : / shall see
you tomorrow^ I sliall see you when the coming night,^
time of rest, is over. Our mom^xA the german morn
are evident contractions of the dutch morgeny margen^
morning, tomorrow ; which I take to be as maer'geen ;
q. e. UQ more repose ; no longer rest ; and thus due,
proper, time of rest, bemg over, that of occupation or
day time naturally follows. From morn to nighty
from the time when occupation naturally opens to usj
to that of consequent repose. Unless morn^ is as
inaer n ; q. e. resc is at an end ; which it probably is ;
'w, in, gone, off, disappeared, meanings which are im-
plied by m. NooUy the ellipsis of noon-tide^ mid-
day, is noen-tydeyivi the same sense,. and also of that
for the then meal-time^ maeUtyde; and is even now
the time of the labourer's taking his meal-. I take
noen to be no lien ; q, e, calls away, invites, hence ;
and thus the natural call for refreshment, relief from
business, labour ; the internal feel that relief,, leaving
off, going from,, is then wanted ; wo, woe, noode^ the
part, pres of nooden, to invite, to call for, to. demand ;
hen, Jteeny henjce. From morn to noon^ from the
time we are deemed to rise to that w« are deemed to
retire for refreshment or rest. Maerre the part pres.
of rnaerren as above explained in the last article but
oiie; niaer, meer^ more;. n\ ne, never, not, no;
hinge, the third pers. pres. pot mood of hingen,
hengcn, gehengen, to permit, to tolerate, to suffer, in
a deponent sense, to be borne, tolerated ; hoeve, the
part, pres of hoecen, behoeven, to behove, to b«
wanted, to be necessary, whence our verb to behaoe
to act as nature inspires, ill or well.

90 ARCHiBOLOOT OF

" And for the worship of this highe feste,

*• Yet woU I in my ^bridd 'is wise ysing

** The sentence of the complaint at the leste,

** That wofnll Mars made at the departyng

" Fro fresh Venus in a morrownyng,

" When Phoebus with his fiery torch rede

" ^Bansaked hath every lovir in his drede,'^ Chaucer,

"The glad night is worth an hevie morrowe (to-
morrow.**) Idem.

" There walkith now the Himitour himself;

" ^In undermelis and in morro winces

" He saith his mattins, and his holy thinges." Idem,

" Save you, ne herde I nevir so singe

'* As did your father in the morrowninge." Idem,

" He turned unto the queue ageine,
" And said to morne here in this pleine
" I woll that ye be, and all yours.'* Idem,

"^Bird; a frequent metathesis with Chaucer, who wrote indiffer-
enily 6ird, Ini ddj bridj bridde. 2Sent about their business for fear
of being seen owing to its having become daylight ; to ransack,
seems, toe ra*n saecke; q, e. quick, to the business; do what is to
be done at once ; be alive, enter at once into the affair intended ;
and implying that the gallants had left their mistresses at the
break of day to return to their usual occupations from the fear of
being seen with them and thus discovering their intrigues to the
world ; to ransack a town, when taken, is to strip it, to do that, fur
the sake of which it was taken, to let the soldier execute that for
which he is employed ; that is to plunder and destroy, and thus
to carry on the true business of the hired warrior. Ra, rae, raede,
ready, quickly ; *w, in, into, to enter ; saecke, business, concern,
cause, purpose, end, point in view, with which our sake is a same
word, for her sake, for the sake of her, for h*'r purpose, that of
which she was the cause or end of doing ; for lovers sake, for the
cause of love, of which love was the cause of doing. Sack, as the
lawyer's brief-bag, is the same saecke, and thus the documents of
the business the lawyer has to do for the client, and had originally
no other reference to a bag than that of analogy of sound ; which
has evidently been suggested and thence brought into use from the
sound travesty of saecke. 3Explained before. ^^Prohably
andermaels; q. e. at other times, at intervals not otherwise eUi-
ployed, leisure moments.

KtTSSB&T BHTMSS. 91

TH£ HOTHXR^TONGUE ;

that which nature teaches; natural expression; that
which the mind expresses ; seems de moet er togen ;
q, e. the mind thereby displayed, shown, demonstrated.
Moed^ moet^ mood, mind, feeling, humour, nature, tem-
per; togen, getogen, the past, part of togen^ toogen, to
show, to demonstrate; ^^7',here,in this case; ^6^^?^ sounds
tongtte ; see v, 2. p. 238. But moody, humoursome,
disturbed in mind, thoughtful, seems moed hie ; q. e.
in this case out of humour, vexed, disquieted, dis->
turbed; moed, gemoed, the past. part, of moeden,
mueden, moeyen, to molest, to fisitigue, to occupy;
hie^ here. Moeder-spraecke, is the vernacular equi-
valent of the dutch to mother-tongue, as explained,
and is as moed er spraecke ; q. e, there the mind
speaks, this is the speech, language of the mind;
«pra^eA'€,speech; 8praken,spreken,\Q%'^^?i^, Mother-
church ; who is she ? why the travesty of, mocht er
schie ftersche; q, e, in this case might has^ overpow-
ered; here is what violence has caused to domineer
over the land ; and is the expression of the oppressed
saxon in reference to the papal missionaries sent to in-
trude their creed upon those who held another belief,
to which they were attached by reason and education,
and for which they paid nothing; mocht, moght,
macht^, maght, might, force, violence; hersche, the
pres. tense of herschen, heerschen, to rule, to regulate ;
moed, as above. In ihe phrase the church of England,
as the estabUshed religion and consequent endowments
•of that nation, the church is the travesty of the above
whie herscfie. Schie, schier, schielick, complete,
entire, quite, sheer ; the words of England, are a far
later addition to church as the travesty of schie
hersche, as explained* Church, as the edifice or tem-
ple for religious worship, and the scotch kirk, in the
same sense, are the dutch kercke. Mother-wit, na-
tural capacity; seems mocht er wit; q, e, talent is
prevailing there, wit is powerful in this one; roil

n3

92 ARCHiBOLOGT OF

talent from the hand of nature ; mocht, moght^ the
pres. tense of mochten^ moghen^ to be able, to have
power, to be mighty, powerful. Mother^ as womb,
matrix, is the dutch moeder^ in a same import, and the
ellipsis of haer-moed er ; q, e, brings (bears) mind
into existence, produces the human being ; haere, the
pres. tense of baeren, to bear, to show, to exhibit;
vnoeder as moed er ; q, e. mind there ; and where is
mind but in the human kind ? T?ie mood of a verb^
is the sense of a verb, that which it tells or says, and is
as moed sense, mind, a mode, a numner. fashion, rule,
way of action; seems er m'hoede; q, e, there with
regularity, rule, order kept, and so as that where rule,
manner of acting, doing, comporting is inherent ; m'
mee, mede, with, within, together with ; hoede, keep-
ing, order, care, caution, fore»ighi ; with which the
latin modus. Italian moda, and the french mode are a
same word. T?ie mode^ la mode, is the keeping or
observing the rule or order in common with the rest,
together with others ; the mode of doing, is the way
kept in aoing, the manner of action. JsTaiura dedit
moduwy nature inspired the way kept or observed in
doing that which is in point. Eat mxidus in rebus,
there is rule of doing in all that is done ; all things are
done by an inherent or natural inspiration, suggestion
of the mind. More modoque ajnum, after the natural
way of doing of bees. M'hoede soimds m^ode. Mo-
ther in mother-country y is in the direct sense of
mother, as that in which we are born, from which we
are produced. The dutch k intermutates with ch ; kase,
kese, and cheese, are a same word.

The good of mother church, as well as that of civil
society renders a judicial practice necessary,"

Ayli^e.

** Where did you study all this goodly speech 1?

" It is extempore from my mother-wit." Shakesp, ;

" Alas poor country J It cannot

*' Be call'd owr mother, but our grave." Idem.

KURSERY RHTHCS. 93

"The stopping of the stomach might he the mothbb,
" for as much as many were troubled with mother-;/?^,
** although few returned to have died of them."

Graimts' hills.

GOODS AND CHATTELS ;

all kinds of valuables, every sort of property, as
when we say, these are my goods and chattels^ and
mean the objects in point, are my own, belong to me ;
seems my goed^s end schat fels ; q, e, this is property
to me and value to others ; these are possessions to me,
And worth to elsewhe»'e,.to the other; naturally inferr-
ing the holder of property cannot be so without im-
parting its benefit to others to whom it does not
formally belong ; that the possessor can necessarily be
tBO only by employing others or sharing it with them' ;
how else is the strictest hoarder and miser to live and
make the smallest use of what he has ? the phrase is
indefinite, and has no relation to proportions. Jfy,
f»i; , my, to me ; goed^ see above p, 40 ; schat, trea-
sure, wealth, riches, stock. Johnson defines chattel,
**any moveable possession"; and refers to the word
cattle for its source, which he says is a word of obscure
^ymology ; nor has any one thrown any light either on
the sensed or source of this term since his day, Schat
feVs, sounds chattels ; '^, is, is. For cattle see below
M art. KEAT. So that goods and chattels, are as pro-
perty and its natural consequence ; viz, that of being
useful to self and others. When we say, thafs a fine
team of cattle, in relation to a set of horses in a
waggon ; it is in the original import of oxen, as the
animals once alone used with us for all purposes of
draft; and which still are so in some parts of this
country, and in other ^arts of the world entirely so ;
for instance, Spain, China, Italy ; &c. a woodcock ;
8S the bird with that name; seems, er wey hoed
kock ; q. e. in this case the cook preserves the emrails;
here the viscera or bowels are not thrown away by the
cook; as is done with most other birds ; wey, weyde, en-

M ARCHAOLOOY OF

trails ; hoed^ hoedt, keeps, preserves ; kock, cook, with
which the latin coquus^ the italian cuoco and our cook
are one word ; er wey hoed kock sounds a woodcock ;
which in dutch is sneppe^ whence our snipe. But the
french cuisinierey cook, and cuisine, kitchen, are from
kutfse, kuse, a grinder tooth, and is as kuys inne ; q. e.
providing for the tooth, preparing that which is to be
«aten. kitchen, pronounced kiceken, is possibly the
same word with the dutch keuchene in a same sense
grounded in koken, to dress victuals, to cook, whence
also the italian cucina, kitchen, and cticinare, to cook ;
hut see v, I, p. 156. /. 8. Johnson grounds it in the
welsh kegin, but does not say what that is !

** Nay look not big, nor stamp, nor stare nor fret,

•* I will be master of what is my own,

** She is my goods, my chattels." Shakespeare,

** Honour's a lease for lives to come,

** And cannot be extended ifrom

" The legal tenant ; 'tis a chattle

" Not to be forfeited in battle." Hudihras.

' — — " That give'st to such a guest
**As my poor selfe, of all thy *goods the best."

Chapman,

* Goods cannot be here in the import of furniture, as Johnson
makes the term ; for that is not what the host gives his guest ; but
evidently means projterty, and thus the means of giving the due
<;omfort8 and conveniences of hospitality; in fact, as explained
-above.

HELTER SKELTER ;

an unpremeditated hasty dispersion of persons from the
place where they were; off on all sides in alarm.
Seems, hie el tije'r schie el tije'r ; q, e, in this case,
off from here to there, qyickly off to there; goes
away from where he was to elsewhere ; he is hence at
once for elsewhere ; in reference to somebody's coming
he did not expect or wish to see, or else to the happen-

NURSERY RHYMES. 35

ing of some unforeseen disaster. Each of the words
which compose the original form have been repeatedly
explained in this Essay, ill weeds grow apace ; a
well-known dictum ; seems, pie w' hijd's ; geere
houw ; er paije's ; q. e, he is out of sorts, he is as if
something vexed him ; he is longing for attention, that
will be the pacifying of him ; here is ill-humour, as if
something tormenting had happened to him ; kindness
(courtesy) is what is desired ; if that is shown all will
be quiet, and inferring if not coaxed or attended to,
matters will be still worse ; passion, rage, will rise up ;
and thus in a sense analogous to that of the original
expression, Weed of itself is an evil, and illy in a
literal sense, would be supererogatory ; besides ill weeds
grow no faster than good weeds^ if there ever were
such things. All these words have also been explained
except gheere^ which is the pres. tense of gheeren,
geeren, to desire, to require, laudanum ; the sopori-
lick so called ; seems, lavd er nom ; q, e. in the case
where it is taken it comforts ; when taken it cheers ;
when used, it assuages ; lavd^ the past, part, of laoen,
to console, to relieve ; nom, nornen, genomeriy taken,
had in; see v, 2. />. 190. /. 20. o/ this Essay.
Johnson says it is a cant word, and derives it from
latido, I praise ! to call names ; to vent one's
spite, to let out inward bitterness or malice; seems,
toe galle nae hemtnes ; q, e. to spite this is the
after grumbling; these are the mutterings which succeed
to bad feeling ; these are terms produced by bitterness ;
galUy gall, spite, venom, bitterness ; nae, after, sub-
sequent to ; hemniey muttering, mumbling, fetching up
from the throat. To call names , has no literal
meaning.

'Sir John, I am thv Pistol, and thv friend ;

" And BELTER SKELTER havc 1 rode to England,
*' And tidings do I bring." Sluzkespear,

" The husband

96 ARCHiBOLOGT OV

"Bids her confess; and oalls her ten thousand

[nambs." Granmlle.

" Like the watermen of Thames

" I row by, and call them names/' Swift.

OBS. OPIUM seems^ the corruption of qfiun, its
name in some of the eastern dialects; in the Malay
amfioen, JB'dd.

HE IS AS BLIKD AA A BEETLE;

does not see the consequences of his doings ; seems,
hie is aes bij el hye innd ; aes er hij hiet Iiel ; q, e,
here is provision got in by the sufferings of others ;
provision by such means ensures hell: in this case
property has been made by the oppression of others ;
property made in this way becomes the eternal torment
of its gainer ; in reference to extortion in any shape,
either private or publick; bijy by ; el^ another, one
else; %6^, suffering; iw«£/,gotin,soundsi/2W£^; ^r, there
is this case ; bij^ by ; AM?/,demandR ; Ae?/,^Z/e,meutal suffer-
ing, for heU is no where but in the mind or .fancy; seevA,
jj. 86. /. 5. Er bij hiet hel sounds a beetle ; an in-
sect no blinder than any other, and here only a literal
travesty of the original sound-sense. TJie pains of
hell^ are the pains of the conscience. He is gone to hell ;
hij is ga^n ! toe hie^ el ; q. e, he is gone ! being here
fin this world) at an end, he is elsewhere, he is off;
existence here at an end, he has taken himself off,
elsewhere. Gaen, the past. part, of gaen, to go ;
hie, here ; el, elsewhere, another place.

**TiiE PAINS OF HELL Came about me.'* Psahns.

" AS BLIND AS BEETLES in foreseeing this great and
'• common danger." Knolles, hi^t.

NURSEBY RHTHES. 97

neat;

cattle ; I have no doubt, originally comprized in its
import all ruminating animals, though now, I believe,
confined to the ox tribe ; seems, ne at ; q. e. does not
eat ; this is not such as eats ; in reference to the differ-
ent manner of mastication, in this race of animals,
from that of those which do not ruminate or chew the
cud, which is, in fact a double or complicated opera-
tion instead of the single or direct one of all other races;
ne^ not, never ; at^ eats, the pres. tense of aten^ eten^
deten^ eeten^ to eat; but neat^ in the phrase a neafs
tongue^ as the ready prepared sheep's tongue of the
pastr}"-cook*s window ; seems, 7ic hiefs togen ; q, e,
here you may see by the look of it there's no occasion
for any further ordering ; in reference to boiling or cooking
it; and the term is restricted to the tongue of the
sheep ; for the boiled or dried tongue of any other ani-
mal is not called a neafs tongue. Cattle, seems,
kat t'el ; q, e. chews victuals in another way, in re-
gard to that of animals of all other tribes ; the way this
race of ar.imals feeds in, is not that of any other rac3
of them ; kat, the pres. tense of ka-en, kuroen, kauwen,
to chaw, to chew, in the same way ka and kauw (jack-
daw) are a same word. Neat, clean, tidy, proper in
dress and clean in person ; exclusive of tawdriness,
finery; seems, ne hiet ; q. e. nothing more is called
ior, nothing can be said here, in this case there is no
saying any thing, inferring in this case no one can have
any fiu-ther to say ; it is all that could be wished and no
more ; just what it ought to be ; a neat dress, is a dress
proper for the one who wears it, just what it should be.
A neat speech, is a speech unexceptionable for the occa-
sion; hiet,gehiet, the past. ^?cct,oi hieten, heeten^io be
called, to be named, to be said, to be ordered. Ne h*et
sounds as we now pronounce 7ieat; hence also the
dutch nette^ net, the french net, netie, Italian netto,
and Spanish neto in the same sense. Black, in black
CATTLE, is as hhjck ; q, e. appears, is seen, and thus as

o

98 ABCHiBOLOGT OF

the nature of that referred to is evident, known, cannot
be disputed ; the pres. tense of hlycken^ to i^pear. By
most of our etymologists cattle is referred to chattel^ as
when we ^ goods and chattels^ but what would become
of the word when prefixed by black ? what would black
chattel be ? It is a mere &ncy, an ungrounded guess ; nor
has there been any source for neat (as cattle) yet given.
A neafsfoot^ in the sense of a ready prepared sheep's
foot^ is in the sense as explained in neafs tongue ;foot
the dutch voet. From the above neat^ as of the rumi-
nating class of animals, the dutch have their nieten, to
butt, as the mode of fighting of that race. We can't
say a horse or an ass butts.

" The steer, the heifer, and the calf,
" Are all called neat." Shakesp.

TO RIDE KOUGH SHOD OVER;

to put down a riot at oace, to take the proper means of
suppressing incipient insurrection ; a well known ex-
pression among the military; seems, toe-reyd^rouw
heff'e schic oode hoeveW ; q, e, prepare properly, a raw
ferment, insurrection, should be dispersed at once ; take
due measures, an incipient tumult requires to be anni-
hilated in its infancy, take force enough, and you should
free the place from the insurgents at once, give them
no time to do what they intended. Toe-reyd, the
imperative of toe-reeden, reyden, to make ready, to
provide, to be prompt; reede^ the adverb, is prompt,
immediately, at once ; and with the adjective reed^ reyd^
our ready is a same word ; rouw, rauw, raw, fresh,
cmde; heffe^ the contracted part: pres: of heffen,
a^nheffen^ to ferment, to rise, to foam, to be in com-
motion ; schiCy entire, quite, also at once, quickly ;
oode^ the part. pres. of oodeii^ oeden^ to evacuate, to
make eihpty, to clear away ; hoeve, the third pers : pot :
mood of hoeven, behoeven^ to behove, to be necessary ;
V, er^ there. In a literal import the travesty has no
relation to what is meant by it when used. We say, in

KtJRSBRT tlHYMBS 99

H true sense) the horse must be rou^h shod when the
road is frozen ; but what has that to do here?

TO PUT HIS HOUSE IN ORDER ^

the last step of the one who has no hope of recovery ;
seems, toe jput hisse houwe's in oord er ; q, e. com-
pletely exhausted^ he is told from within submission is
now in places quite worn out, nature whispers within^
resignation is what is right ; his own feeling tells him
that the call from hence of the one who sent him here
must be obeyed. The expression is well known, but in
relation to the import carried by it, literal nonsense^
toe-put, at the last extremity, drained to the last drop ;
hisse, whispers, inspires, speaks within ; houwe, hovde,
the part. pres. of houwen^ houden, to show submission »
obedience, subjection, to treat as superior to self; oord,
place. Dear me ! a common plaintive exclamation on
the hearing of some unexpected mishap ; seems, deere
m^hije ; q, e. compassion accompanies the unfortunate,
pitying is the natural feel for the suffering one ; the
due course of nature ; deere^ the part. pres. oideeren,
d&ren, to commiserate, to feel for ; mhije>, goes along
with the suffering one ; nChije sounds me ; hije, the
part. pres> of hijen^ to be in pain, to suffer. But dear^
Yfduable, precious, is the dutch dier, duyr in the
aame import, my dear^ mij dier, precious to me, my
jewel ! my valued one ! Gij deert mij ; you excite my
pity ; I am sorry for you.

TO PUT TO BED WITH A SHOVEL;

he is put to bed with a shovel^ though not a modish >
is still a well understood sentence in the import of he
is dead, he's gone, he is buried, he is in the church yard ;
«eems,^o^ put, toe hede, wi^se er schie hone el ; q, e,
exhausted, worn down ; prayer at an end ; indicates a
quick removal to another abode; exhaling his last breath,
unable any longer to call upon his Maker, shows he is
Upon the point of taking his departure to another place,

o3

100 ARCUiGOLOGY OF

(land, mansion) ; and thus a description of a death -bed
scene in relation to the one in point. Toe^ done with,
concluded; bcde, prayer; hove,, hof,, land, mansion,
residence, dwelling, and also sovereign's court ; el,
elsewhere, another place.

A handkerchief;

that which is carried in the pocket, and that which is
placed round the neck ; in the first import, seems, er
hand here schie lieffe ; y, e, in this case a turning of
the hand soon takes away what was there, what was
wanted away ; and refers to days when the hand and its
fingers were the means used for nose and face wipings.
And it was probably the incipient change of the
mode which gave rise to the saying of *' what the poor
man throws away, the rich man puts in his pocket."
In regard to the neck-cover, it is simply as that which
only requires the turn of a hand to place that piece of
linen where wanted ; and kercJief, the antiquated term
for the female head linen or cap , is as that which is
turned (wound) round the head. Coverchief, the old
term for head dress, is the firench couvre chef, where
chef has the meaning oihead ; le chef ceint de kturierSj
the head crowned with laurel. Chef the latin caput,
capitis, the Italian capo, the Spanish cabo, caheca, and
the greek cepluile are a same word, probably grounded
in hepe, kee]nng, guarding, having the custody in rela-
tion to the being to which it belongs ; that by which
life is kept up and regulated, and without which the
rest of the structure is as useless ; kepe, part. pres. of
kepen. With the &c. With the above kepen, our
to keep^ the latin capere, to take, and the italiau cainre,
to comprehend, are a same word. The p and /" in-
termix, the german pfclfe, the dutch pype, the french
jifre, and our ptpe ^vAfife are a same word.

*' Let se which is the proudist of them all

" That werith or a kerchep pr a call (caul)

" That dare say nay, of that I shall you teche."CA^wc^r.

(4

ii

KURSERT RHYMES. 101

** The couvERCHEiFE on a pole styckid she
" Ascaunce that he shulde it well yse." Idem,

" Her covERCHEiFES were large and fine of ground,
I durst to swere that thei weyed thre pound
That on a sonday were upon her hede." Idem,

SUNDAY ;

the dutch sondag^ which seems to me as soendag ; q,
e, atonement day, the day that makes up by rest for the
labour endured from the work of the others, and thus
the day of rest, the natural equivalent for work. It's
church observance is a subsequent graft of rulers and
their minstrals. Sabbath, the Sunday of the jew, is a
hebrew term for rest^ and thus a corresponding import
with that I have attributed to Sunday, Sun^ son, in
Whitsuntide (also whitsontidej is in the sense and
from a same source as sun, son, in Sunday, sondag,
and roliit the dutch Tcit, white, and tide as tyde, time ;
in reference to the period of the year when white gar-
ments were worn by the newly baptized heathen converts
as the papal expiatory observance for the time passed
in their former unmystified state; that in which natural
religion had prevailed among them, and before they
had been made the dupes of papal craft. Johnson and
others say sund<iy is as the day dedicated by our ances-
tors to the worship of the Sun ! What then is sun,
in Whitsuntide ?

'* Our ardent labours for the toys we seek

" Join night to day, and sunday to the week,'' Young.

*• For he then chosen was the dignity

*' Of village lord that WiiiT^oNTinK to bear." Sidney.

" Ai.d let us do it with no show of fear

** Nor with no more than if we heard that England

" Were busied with a wniTsoN moriice dauce.' Shakei<p.

HE LAID IT AT IIIS DOOR ;

a usual phrase, in the sense of fixing the blame of some

102 ARCHJBOLOOT 0»

transaction upon another ; seems, hie leed hiet, haet
hisse d'oor; q, e. here dislike is the mouth-piece,
malice whispers the ear ; prejudice is the orsan of speech
in this afi^r, malevolence is in the head of the accuser ;
and thus inferring that private pique is at the bottom
of what is said upon the subject. Hie^ here; leed^
dislike, disgust, fastidiousness; haet^ spite; hisse^
inspires, speaks inwardly ; d!oor^ de oor^ the ear.

" In any of which parts, if I have failed, the fault

" LIES WHOLLY AT MY DOOR." Dvydeu.

OBS. Door, as the place by which it is gone in and
out, is the dutch prep, door^ through, and thus both
out let and inlet, without reference to that which shuts
or opens the space, which is however that to which our
mind habitually reverts when the term is used. Door^
also spelt deuVy and deure is the dutch substantive
for door^ with which our own and the greek thura^
gate, door, are a same word. Next door to ; near
to, akin to, close upon ; temptation, a hint ; as when we
say intention is next door to doing^ and mean as re-
gards the conscientious responsibility of him that in^
tends : seems, ne heck histe door furo ; q. e, when the
opportunity offers the mind whispers, go on ! to you ;
when the passage is unshut^instinct says within to you ;
go through with it, take advantage of the chance offered
you ; ne^ no, none ; heclc^ portcullis, door or gate to the
town in former days, and now only in partial use ; hiH^
speaks within; door^ through, passage, door. The
original phrase sounds next door to, T'uw, to you.

" A riot unpunished is but next door to a tumult"

L'Estrange,
hideous ;

not fit to be seen, disgusting to the sight, frightful,
unfit to be either seen or heard ; seems, hie / de IwiCa ;
q. e, disgusting ! is the cry ; horrifying ! is the excla-

NURSSBT RHYMES. 103

matioD; that is, whoever sees the object or hears the
noise in point, expresses vehemently his abhorrence of
it, fright at it; is disturbed and alarmed by seeing
or hearing it. A hideous rascal^ is a strikingly <5is-
gusting rascal. A hideous uproar^ a striking frightful
uproar. The french huleux is the same woru. Hi^^
?iife, the part. pres. of hie?i, hijen, to alarm, to molest,
to disturb the feelings. Hou, exclamation, salutation,
cry. Johnson derives it from the french hideux, (hat's
a same word; but no etymology. Menage grounds
it in the latin hispidus, shaggy !

«

" Some monster in thy thoughts.

Too HIDEOUS to be shown." Shakes/?.

-" I fled, and cried out, death !

'* Hell trembled at the hideous name, and sigh'd
** From all her caves and back resounded, death!

Miiton,

" I arm myself

** To welcome the condition of the time

" Which cannot look more hideously on me

" Than I have drawn it in my fancy." Shakesp.

truth ;

(formerly trouthj ; in my view, the dutch words, f
ruwt (V rouwtj ; q, e. settled entirely ; set completely
at rest; perfectly quieted; and thus the subject in
point put beyond dispute, determined, finished. In
this du-ection of sense we say, he has arrived at the
truth, come at the truth, got at the truth, that
is, he has reached, come to, go at, that which settled
or put to rest the matter in point with him. He
spoke the truth, he spoke that which has settled the
matter in point with those he addressed. There is no
truth in that story, thci-e is nothing in that story that
settled it in the mind oC the person or persons who then
use the expression. An eternal truth,ia that which never

194 archjkologt of

has, can or will be denied by any rational being ; that
which is the fact and consequently cannot be undone;
t\ t€y entirely, quite, too, as in too true^ ?. e, undenia-
bly true. Ruwt^ the part, praet. of ruwen^ rouwen^
roeuwen, to quiet, to set at rest, to compose; in gcrnian
ruJten. True (formerly irewj I take to be, te ruwe ;
q. e. completely at rest ; and thus definitively sure,
certain. True to his God^ sure, certain, his mind set
at rest in regard to his God, sure of his Maker. Triie
to h'M country^ to be relied on in regard to his duty to
liis country. Ilorne Tookc fetches truth and true
from the anglo-saxon treoicau^ (the dutch trouwen) to
confide ii^, to trust to; but \vhat has either of these
terms to do with confidence or trust ? truth is decided
unc'cnialJe certainty ; true^ ]\ist certainty, undeniably
sure. He seems to have confounded truth with troth
(faith) and true with trow (faithful) which are both con-
nected with trouicen^ but have no relation to the terms
truth and true. Mistaking the true source and on-
sequently import of truths he roundly asserts that there
is no such thing as eternal^ ecer lasting or immutalle
truths while from its proper source and consequent
import such epithets are its essential qualities. A man
may say what he believes, but it may not be truth.
He says, " two persons may contradict each other, and
" yet both speak truths for the truth of one person may
" be opposite to the truth of another" ; that is, accord-
ing to him, truth and troth were a same word ; while
in fact the one is certainty and the other possibility ^
decided certainty, and possible happening. He says
further, " truth supposes mankind ; for whom, and by
*' whom alone the word is formed and to whom only it is
applicable." And is not this the case of every word
in every language? Troth formerly trouth,\% evidently
as the past participle of trouiven^ viz,, trouwt, that
which is confided in, that which is believed, and thus
faith or credit given, but is that not truth, which is
certainty ; while credit or covjidence is eventual and
de])endent upon accident, upon being duly given or used.

iriTBSBBT RHTttSS. 105

When lie says that there is no such thing as eternal
amd immutable truth^ heia surely .wrong, for any by-

fone event or happening, as respects the happening or
aviiu^ taken place of tlmt feet, is an eternal aird rni"
^nutaSle irutn, as to its having passed and • taJien
place ; for in so far it is that which has been and can
he neither changed^ undone^ or recalled ; and thus an
eternal and immutable thing ; and its event or happen-
ing a truth or settled certainty, Chaucer has, by my
trowithy f. e, by my credit with you, by your faith
in me.

^' All TRUTHS are equal, Veritas non recipit magis ac

[minus,^* Walk,

" Of a TRUTH, Lord, the kings of Assyria have de-
" stroyed the nations." 2 Kings xix. 7.

*^ The darkness b past and the true light now shineth/'

Job,

^* The afflicted state, divided in their troth
**^ And partial,/^^A, most miserable grown,
** Endures the whole." DanieVs civU war.

"in troth, thou ar't able to instruct grey hairs."

Addison,

"Ploughs to go true depend upon the truth of
" the iron work." Mortimer.

" So young and true !

" Let it be so, thy truth then be thy dower." Shakesp,

*' Ride more than thou goest,

^^ Learn more than thou trowest." Shakesp,

" Thou sayest that T am a kynge, and to that I was
" borne, and for to declare to the worlde that who soo
"be of TROUTH will here my worde. Than sayde
" Pylate, what is trouth ? by thy worde there is lytele
" TROUTH in the worlde. Our Lord sayd to Pylate,

p

106 'i^MMmmOiMK ^ M

^foBdentaode imeuTH how that it is judged hi aftii^f
^^thon that dwell thflsem." N^ckodemu^s Gsoaptl

■K. .i.i^ ui. > ^-. w. ^^ Ithookjd Ije fovtipe
'^^Fhat s^^DutbTBBWiSTy wh^ ah^ w^l bfgUp.-'CSt«^M^.

(plural /tfF^a. ; verb to fmj ; the dlK^ kiff k^ * * ^^ ^"
lue, afidalso body; lywn^ A??f»9 toUvp^ an^.lflp^to
embody, to be a body ; in the import of body and to
embody, the term is now nearly obsolete with us; life"
ouard^ as hody-^^uard^ ^at which guards the body of
him or her for whom it is required, is the only phrase
in which it occurs to me to be. i^l e^iployed. Iq dutch
the substantive has also the import of fykfieef the
upper part of the female garment which holds, surrounds
the bogy. The ground of which t^Ru^^ieiefp)? to hfl in
the obsolete Iwe, the part prea. of Uven^ now lichien^
lighten^ luchten^ to lift, to cany, tq ;ta]ke up^ ^way^ pa,
to lighten ; and also to enlighten, to give oi;t ligQtj to
cause light, to put light, life, animation, powef pf <i|pt-
ing into, and thus canning m a same word the sense of
body and also of l^fe^ animation^ in both ^hich m^^n-
ing8i(/^<? was and is yet used; the substantives of those
verbs are evidently i>^ht, licht^ Iticht, light, as that by
which we see, and -licht, lucht, heht^ air, 8&ther» at-
mosphere, as that by whichwe breathe and live; hmce
our %A^, that by which we see, and lights the adjectiye,
air being of ^he least weight of all known perceptipps,
and thus the type of want of weight ; to light upon a
jperson^ is to see or perceive him, to ^d him, tt^ich
we should not do without light. . IftghtBy as the iu&gs
by which we breathe ; liver as that without which we
should not digest and live; lever ^ as that which lifts ;
as well as the latin levare to lift, to lighten, to relieve
and the french lever, to lift, are all of this stock. The
thema is in li-en, lo-en, Iti-en, whence the latin, lusc,
lucis, lumen^ luminiSy lucere, kc,f tji has been ex-

Rimawv Mutuis. 107

plained in this Essay. Btit IheTf as the old term for
lotfeTy the one beloved above all others, seems the dutch
iieisi^y q. e. dearer thieiii the ilest of men, the one pn&r
fMled 1^ kli' Qi^ers^; grounded' in Revetiy to love,, tp
lioid' iiSAf. L^stHfi^if mienM emotions^ a^tatunis
df fflg spirit, sk)i:il disturfoiiigs; seems, IfufstterikffS ;
^. ^: agitatibtis Of life, ^turbio^s of the inind^ com-
iiibt^i^pf thespiHt, aiid hot as «fbhnson says, " stiihgis
ifiQhgffiied:td c0hv^ lifb'* ! StUriHg the old ]^. prest
f^ tftkr^, Uf/^&i^ sfii^i^enj to a^tate, to stur i^), on*
& dintli^' ;. wiiii which otk to s^,. and to steer are
a Mt!M #£^, as haii hd^ie beeii showxU

^1Ri& dii^as^s %bwW W6t by diihssse of sonowe
^^ tfetate my List ib uiibodie dhdsd for todfei^'^Gtof^.

'' f^f nttte shotdd it M^ jrteiid

*^ 0^ he)', th&t wiia hef bddy ^^,

<^fi^ she A &aid 61^ k she wife.

** that qtdcke #ofl sefl hef bj^ Bet ^tirt.** iiKe^m.

<' Attd that h^ ^Lit'is bocfy ix%
" in dll tftilt hdiiM^ thttt JrOhder is.
'' Tfa^t idakith all this lond %re/' /^£?^

^* Ottfiitd t^ dl^f «nd the ^Ane^ that Nature
** Shopin him to be a liv'is creture" Idem,

>^ jReason and respect

''liae ^firWApdiS-y Ahdliiit{hi()dedejected.''«SftdsX^.

'^.'Bittie lines are the vieins^ th\d arteries,

** The uttdecftyitig lit ESttiiH^ of those healis^

'f 3%tiit still ihttll patkt, and still ihall exeMdd .

*^ TkK motion 4>iiit end nature both iMpari" DcMH.

iMsf * Oigl&t* the dnteh imgkelkt to be . able to ha?« the powdr.

i^odpr. 3No mortal^ no liying body. ^Doing, goings on ; 48 when
we aaar, prdtty doings these ; the part. pres. of vaeren, to go on, to
jatbblM. ^LotetB te ezplftin^d in this article.

p3

a06 ,-4BieinjaoiK>0Y or

• . . iboky; .

spite in speech, sarcasm ; seems, ir^ "hdn hye ; ' q. e,
anger at its height brines on vexation ; when one is in
a passion he speaks with ill temper, says disagreeable,
biting, bitter, sarcastick things ; and has no reference
to any cover or disguise of terms as explained by Swifl
and Johnson, but simply to a spiteful ill-humoured
'angry turn of conversation. The greek eironeiaf the
iatm ironia, and firench ironie are a same word with it,
and explained by etymologists as dissimulation, dis-
guised sarcasm, and derived from eiron^ dissimidator,
hjrpocrite, dissetnbler ; but whence that term ? Irony
would thus be spite in masquerade ; but if so, no body
except the speaker ox user of it would find it out.
^?Pliere is the root to be found? certainly not in the
greek or latin ; and I have scarce a doubt of, ii ho'n;
((ji. e, in high anger) being the true ground of eirw^
dissembler. Cicero 'terms it, urhana disshnulatio^
civil hypocrisy; sine ulla. ironia, meJiercle loquoTy I
speak,' so help me heaven, without any equivocation,
openly and plainly, but does not say whence or why it
has that meaning ; there is no analogous source for the
word either in creek or latin, /r, irre, erre, ire, an-
ger, passion;'^, high,' at the top; 'n, in; hyCy vex-
ing, tormenting, teazing, the part. pres. of hyen^ to
distress.

• • • ■ "

lanthorn; lantern;

for both spellings are right, though Johnson deems the
first wrong ; the dutch lanterned laterne^ with which
our own, the french lanterney Italian and Spanish
lantema^ajid latin laternaaie a same word; seems,
laeyent ?ierne ; q, e. flaming point; top with a blaze;
light at the sharp end ; and thus a lighted extremity;
which constitutes the purpose of the lanthorn, without
referencef to its being enclosed or not ; many (continental
light-houses are called lanthorns and are mere unen-
closed lights, as probably all were originally. Ajack^

NUR8BRT RHTIIBS. 109

O'lanthorn, is a naked light that moves on as we drive
it before us. ^n honest man is the lanthorn, guide,
light, that which is to be followed of his kind, species.
£aeyent, the part, of iaeyen, to flame up, to blaze, to
flare ; hof^^ herne, the old dutch horen, hormck,
herrte, point, angle, comer, extremity. T^ie horf^ of
a dilemma, are the points, purposes, ends, of a difficult
question, argument, disput^ subject. In dutch herne^
nirn, has also the import of brain, as the summit or
top of the frame or body. Herne, with us has the im-
port of comer, angle, and also of heron, ais the bird
with the long hornlike sharp-pointed beak or end of
its frame; horen sounds Aorw. The french say les
oreilles me cornent, I have a strange noise in my ears,
my ears are ringing (a well-known expression .in the
sense of an unusual noise in the ears, often felt and
hjsrd by nervous, weak, fitilciful persons) has been also
turned by the french into the import of hearinjg some-
thing concerning self that others would conceal, and
thus a kind of inspired notice of something; here
coment is the pres. tense of corner, and has nothing to
^o with corne, horn, also com (of the toe,) but is the
dutch koeren, korie-n, karien, to murmur, as the dove,
to coo, to sing as the nurse does to the baby. Lan-
tern-Jaws ; long skinny face, care worn countenance',
seems^ laey^n fheme^fhauwe's; q, e, agitation, ar-
dour, heat at brain, head, mind, is always taking away,
xsuttihg ofl; diminishing the object in point (here the
^&ce); the sentence sounds lantern-ja'ms ; hauwen,
houwen, tohew, to cut off; heme, as above; je, ever;
\8y is. The source of ho^en, hom, seems, horen,
ilortenn to prick, to hurt. Johnson says that lanthom^
jaws, ane such as if a candle were burning in the mouth
.aeems as they might transmit the light through them f

y Lujrking in ^H]iRNis and lanis blind.*' CJumcer. -..'.,

^^ To redin artis that ben curious,

.*tSekid in every %alke and in every hebke,

f^ Particular sciences for to leme." Idem,

no £BCBMOiJioBr or

-'' God OxBlLh^ niy hdpe^

**My stay, my guide, mjr BAvraoibi to my feA/*

Shahesp.

'* Caprea, \?here the lantoorn ^ed on high

'^ Shmes like a moon through the benighted sky

'^ While by its beams the waiy sailor steers.'* AddiiKm.

^ A society which \i^e call Solomon's Botlse, the nd-
''blest foundatioii tbat i^viet was^ afad the lanthoIik of
'Hhis kingdom/^ Racon,

Being very liick^ in a pair of long tAHKbAtl-jA^,
he wrung his fiibe into a hideous gtimftcei" Addiioh.

I Corners, hiding places.. SHole; Ao[e, possibly as htdefc^hMii
hulk, as hold or hollow body of the boat or ship termed hudk,

OBS. Bildierdijk avows that he Was niKver abte td
trace tb^ source of Idnt'erne^ nor hm ahy otbef
etymologist.

LSTTEli;

as one of thi? written mmkn used to ccnnpkte a
written wor^; aWo the type of one^ as irdi as the tnux^
congregated into words upon a subslaoce suited to cofi:-
veyance. The same with the duteh letteire^ the tfen6k
Uttre^ the Spanish letra^ thie Italian Ut^c^ &nd iMifti
liiera; aiid seemd as hti'eer; q, i?. obsthele formerly.;
impediilatent jbr bbck; the wAnt of this was, in bygone
t|mes^ a hindrance; and thus implying that^ which b#
the object referred to« is fismdved ; add so iui that whi^
hus remqved a princtpal obstacle to the communie&ti^
of what k in the nuud. Before tetters sign, ot ta^
e<^ into ]a6e^ thought eotild only be coramunititeii
by personal ipter^ufr^e; or, at second hand, by m^HMgc
llie expression . regards the ff^neral state of society
previous to this inv^hilon aha has no r^ation to any
thing else than the chati^ which iuperveb^ td i^kt
state in this regard; TofMt letiSrs to&ether; HtHf'
press; h^ wrote the a M^ tetter fuH itf ndm ; Ue

•xpvearioQs which imply tba tbi^iP ipfianiiigs.pf the
tlinn felifi^, X^^/^, hindrance^ with which ;i9ur ki^
obstacle, is a same word ; eer^^ ei^ hefore.

''Thou whoreson Zed, thou unnecessary lbtteb."

Shq&esp.

The secret LETS and difficulties in nublic proceedings
^re innumerable and inevitable.'' j£u>oA^.

**Tke letter of Ae law" ; is the wocds af the law, the
evid^t meaning of the law. ^

.mm. J

dpseii, cQi^ptuded, in regard to iif)}at has pr^peded;
deqpting the termination of wW has been ^d'pr
doije ; seems, er m& '» / q, e. herewith stop ; with' Jiis,
dpne ; after tiiis^ no more ; after what has been resid
or said, the rest is within, not spoken, not l^t oiit ;. 'm^^
me^ffnede^ with, tpgether with ; m, ynthin, as.w^^
we aaj wifhinme^ in the sense of in my mind^ Rff^ast,
t)]£(S9]ght; and thus amen'U as announcing a close to
spealung, praying. The term belongs to the frencht
the Italian^ the Spanish and the dutch in a same tbfm
and sense. Has been an unsolved dilemma to all ety*
mologists, and held to be a Hebrew wordi The Span-
iards use the term in the import of conclusipn,.iB!nBle ;
but jocularly, ^le eorid^naronpor^ ^eis dnos dgaterqs
iiifti^ de ddcientes azotes che Ja lleva ^en .fas
ofddas ; they condemned him for six years to t)iie
lleys by way of Anale to two' hundred lashes which
le had already carried off on his shoulders, back.
Ameriy tmien / al delo llega ; prayers reach (are hearil
in) heaven. Er mk'n sounds amen^ and carries the
true import of the word. The Hebrew term, a^ex-
plained, by various hands, seems as far fetcne^^ in
i)oint of meaning, as the land is from us whence the
tennis said to come. The latin and greek have Vo
equivalent term either in letter or meaning. It is

112 iMiEMOjjOeY op:

Sossible the term may be as er nCheen ; q, e. herewith
one with, hereby at an end ; heen^ hence, away, off,
which comes to the same thing.

A ROWLAND FOR HIS OLIVER ;

an equal return ; as good as was given ; a tit for tat ;
the one not behind hand with the other; seems er-
rouwH hand voor^ hisse hoe' I pver ; q, e. danger ap-
pearing from the hand of the one whispers within the
other ne should raise up his utmost exertion to oppose
it ; the sight of menacing mischief from the one in point
says from within to the other he should bestir himself (use
his utmost exertion) to repel it ; and thus as the natu-
ral feel and safeguard from apprehended danger ; rouro^
mischief, harm, distress, disturbances, with which our
rorv^ in the same sense is a same word; to make a
roWy is to make a disturbance ; el, any on€?, the other
one ; hand, as with us, and here pars pro toto, the
man it belongs to ; hoe, the pres. pot. of ho'en, hogeh,
to raise up ; ifver, zeal, exertion ; voor, veur, before,
in advance. Moun> el hand, sounds Bowland ; 'ooor,,
for; in its direct sense it b before; hoe 7 yver^
Oliver.

TIT FOR TAT; '

a quarrel begun, a combat engaged, a dispute com-
menced; consequently enmity, mutual bitterness pro-
duced; seems, tichte voere fhate; q. e. inculpation
leads to hatred^ he that blames may expect ill-will in
return ; firming fault is the way to be hated ; and thus
the natural return of one for the other in respect to
the giver and receiver; tichte, accusation, calling to
account ; voere, the pres. pot. of voeren, to lead to, to
further; haete, Jiate, hate, malignity. The direct
dutch equivalent for tit for tat, is kamp op; q. e. the
fight begim, the combat commenced, in relation to the
one party and the other party of the strife ; cht, ckt,
interchange with t, the latin tectum, the german tach,

NUBSBRT RHYMES. 113

the french toit, Italian tetto^ and our thatch, are a
same word with the dutch tcick^ dock, covering roof,
without relation to material.

TO teaze;

to pick, to unravel, in relation to flax or wool ; as well
as to vex, fret, torment, importune, is the dutch teeseUy
in both the same meanings; d'onnosele wert meest
geplukt endgeteest; q,e, itis the harmelss inoffensive one
that is the most pillaged and pestered ; wol teesen ; to un*
ravel, comb wool. To cark, to harrass, to torment,
to torture, in reference to mental suffering ; seems, ge-
liarcken ; q, e, to harrow up, to rake up ; and thus as
harcken, hercken, to harrow up, to rake up ; with the
completive prefix ge. From harcken^ horcken, to
listen with attention, to attend to what is saying, sound-
ing, we have also our to Imrken, and to hark in the
same sense. Hercken has also the import of to
fix, to remain or keep fast, and with the expletive ge^
seems the root of the french carcan^ pillory, and the
latin career, prison, as that where and by which the
culprit and prisoner are kept from going away, held
fast. Car king care, is harrassing, disturbing care.

4i

'** He down did lay.

His heavy head, devoid of careful cark." Spencer,

" Nothing can supersede our own carkings and con-
*' trivances for ourselves but the assurance that God
" cares for us." Decay of piety.

'* It harrows me with fear and wonder." Shakesp,

" Amazed I stood, harrowed with grief and care."

Milton,

TO FOLLOW YOUR NOSE;

you liane only to follow your nose, as the cmsty reply
to, which is the way to wliere I am going 9 seems,

114 AAcnMOLOar oi*

toevaly ioufVy uwer no's ; q, e, chance, my cool fellow,
is your busineds ; chance you careless fellow, is your
afiair ; implying, and not mine ; in reference to some idle
haughty or impertinent questioner, or else to some sulky
one questioned ; whence else such a reply ? Now used
in the sense of to go straight on by way of modifi-
cation. In literal sense the phrase has no meaning.
Toeval^ chance, accident; uwer^ your; no, noo^ noody
business, affair, want. Lauw^ louw^ cool in habit and
nature, cold, indifferent, nonchalant.

*' The main maxim of his philosophy was to trust to
^^ his senses and follow his noss.'' Bentley.

OBS. Our lowy as dejected, cool in t^gard to others ;
indifferent to all else but that which troubles, is the same
word with the above lawns JUmro, The same lettered term,
viz, , lauw^ louw, means also law ; with which our law
and the french loi are a same word ; laioyer is the dutch
lauwer^ in the same import . The dutch for low^ in
it's direct sense, is laeghe^ laag^ which has also the
meaning of snare, trap, and may perhaps be the source
of lauw^ law, as that by which wrong is defeated, put a
stop to, and right protected; an obsolete import, if I am
right in regard to th^ source.

A JURY;

seems, erj^ur hije ; q, e, there is that which some oc-
casion sets to work, that which some event calls into
action ; 9xA juryman^ is the same phrase with the ad-
dition of man; but in fact though one he has the
undivided power of all ; in as :&r as no verdict or de-
cision can be given but by an unanimous agreement ;
one and all. Ajury-nuist, is an occasional mast, used
only when called for by accident, when the main-top-
mast is blown off by a storm, or otherwise lost ; and
is the above original phrase in relation to a mast ; and

^-UESS&Y RHYMES. U5

mast in the dutch mctst^ with which also the french
mkij mast^ mas and the Spanish mastel are a same
word, and seems, the contraction of er rrC haeatc ; g.
e. by means of this haste is made ; it is thi^ which helps
to get on, forwards, in reference to a hoat or ship ; the
dutch call the pine tree^ masUhoom ; q, e. the tree
that makes a mast, and formerly used for that purpose
universally. But mctstj mest, has also the import of
the seed or fruit of the oak and beech tribe of trees that
on which the beasts of the forest or park feed and
fatten, that which feeds them, and then seems formed
from» er nC aest ; q, e, thereby fed ; by this victualled,
on this it is thriven in reference to the animal of the
forest or wilds ; aest, est, geaeat^ the past. part, pf
ij^sen^ eseuy to feed, to take food into the stomach or
within; m\ m^y with ; Je, spme^

«

And drawing down the mast.

" His vessel moor'd." Dryden.

** The oaks bear mast, the briars scarlet hips :
" 'Die bounteous housewife, nature, on each bush
" Lays her fiiU mesa before you." Shakesp,

*^ Trees that bear mast, and nuts, are more lasting than
** those that bear fruits ; as oaks and beeches, last long-
er than apples and pears." Bacon,

«

HE DOfiS JSiOT ENOW A HAWK FROM A HANDSAW;

not able to distinguish one thing from another ; bother-
ed ; seems, h^ dus noijt no^ er haeeke voor ootn, er
hand saagh ; q. e. he thus annoyed, needs (longs) for
his friend, in fact is nearly frightened out of his wits ;
he thus nonpluised wants (desires eagerly) his old crony ;
looks out wishfully for his old acquaintance, while
fright is near overcoming (bewildering) him ; and thus
in a state not to know what to do ; not to know which
way to turn himself. Dus, thus, in this state ; noijt,
^enoijt^ the past part of noyen^ noeyen, to injure

q3

116 ARCHSOLOcrr ot

to vex, with which our obsolete noie^ hann, hurt, and
to noie, to injure, are a same word ; here also belong
the dutch noyse, offence and our noise, as that which
disturbs, annoys ; to annoy, to teaze, vex ; the french
ennoyer, ennuyer, to annoy, to tire, to bore; the span-
ish enqjo, offence, injury, enojar, to irritate, to weary ;
the italian nqja, nqjare, in the same sense; as well as
the latin nocere, the italian nuocere, to hurt, and the
latin noxia, injury, and our own noaious, offensive ;
besides many other words in different dialects ; noe,
sounds know, and is the third pers. pot. mood of no-en,
nooden, to need, to want ; haecke, the part. pres. of
Jmecken, to desire ardently, to long for ; voor, for ; oom^
a provincial term for an old friend or neighbour ; an
old intimate, or acquaintance ; in a hteral sense, cousin,
uncle, consanguineus ; hande, hende, near, hard by^
liandy to, at hand; saegh, saagh, fright, terror, and
travesties by sound into saw, as saeghe, saying, narra-
tion, does into saw, saying; see v, l.p, 169. F^oor
oom sound syro»2 ; i? and /'a same letter; any number
of consimilar vowels sound as one.

<* Sir James has his wits about him, and he thinks he
«' KNOWS A HAWK FROM A HANDSAW, but he is grievi-
^* ously mistaken." Morn, Chronicle. Sept. 4, 1836.

** Yet evre and among fsothely to saine)

"** I suffre NOiE and mochil paine." Chaucer.

" And traitours, that ame envious

" To NOiEN me, be so coragious." Idem.

** De naamen Oom (unde) end Moei (aunt) worden ook,
*' gelijk elders, so in Friesland, uit friendelyfcheid, aan
* alle ouden lieden eegeven." "The names of uncle and
^^ aunt are given m Prieseland and other places, by
*'way of intimacy (friendlyness,) to all old people." U^iss .
4aaik. hi^drag. In the the same way the king calk those

NUHSBRT RHT1IB8. il7

of a certain official rank, my cotmn, though none of his
kindred ; and to cdz&n a man^ is to humbug, to cheat a
Wan, to rob him civilly^ he cozened him out of his mo-
ney^ he wheedled him out of his money. My beloved^ is
also a ceremonious heading of an address from the king
either specially to certain officials or generally to the
people en masse ; which is as the dutch my helouet ; q,
e. my esteemed, valued, estimable, the past. part, of
belouen, louen, lauen^ to esteem for worth, for what
is made out of them, the use of them, and lord is mere-
ly the travesty, by analogy of sound, of loued, louel,
valued, esteemed, loved; in this sense we say. The
Lord God^ that is the beloved God, the being we love,
laud, praise, ad(M*e, hold the highest in our natures,
hearts, or minds. Our verb to love and the dutch louen,
are a same word ; the latin laus, laudis, laudctre, to
estimate, to laud, to praise, to value, belong to this
stock ; laudato viro, to the loved person, to the belov-
ed, in relation to the one so addressed, is as the man
either privately or pubhcly beloved, esteemed. Lavjd
and lord sound alike, and have a same sense, had^ is
the same word, my lad^ my dear fellow, is a coaxing
phrase to an inferior ; lady and lass are feminizations
*of lad.

dog;

in the direct sense of that word is the dutch dogge^
•mastiff, bull-dog ; as is also the french dogue^ mastiff,
house dog, blood-hound ; and in those dialects restricted
to the largest of the kind, but in ours extended to the
genus. Bilderdijk holds the term to be grounded in
dofy as in dof-geluid^ dead (hollow, dull) sound, indis-
tinct noise, and thus expressive of the howl of the larg-
est species, the mastiff. Dof, in current use is lifeless,
. tarnished, dull, deadened, uuelastic, deprived of lustre,
frosted, and has do-^n^ to do for, to kill, to destroy, to
deaden, for its thema; whence doof deaf, dood^ dead,
done for. The dog in dog-fox^ is the same word, and
•suggested by the howl or dead dull bark of the he or

118 ARCHEOLOGY OF

*

male of that race, one which is not made by or heard
from its female or she^ and thus the type of the ?ie of
the species. Fox^ is the dutch vo»ch, vossey vosy and so
is the german fuchs in the same sense ; grounded in
the thema vo-^n, to yield to the touch, to feel soft when
touched, of which voelen^ to feel, is the frequentative
form, and thus in a same relation to the feel of the fur
or outside of the skin of the animal in question, of
which it is a characteristick mark, and for which some
of its foreign species are highly priied and reserved for
the use of the court, especiidly in Russia.

** The same ill taste of sense will serve to join

«< DOG-Foxss in the yoke, and sheer the swine. "2>r^«^.

'* The FOX barks not when he would steal the lamb.''

iShakesp.

seems, ergehtn^e ; q. e, there depending on ; hinging
on.; turning on ; hanging on ; and thus the one or that
upon which the course of affairs of the community in view
depends ; the one to whom the keeping it together as it
is belongs ; and has no relation to either sex, election,
or descent. The King of Kings ; the Deity, the reg-
ulator of all that is ; the one upon whom dl hinges
depends. The king of a country ^ is the chief mana*
ger, regulator, of the general concerns of a country,
ftnd the responsible head of the nation. Gehinge^ the
part. pres. of gehangen^ gehengen^ gehingen^ to hang
oy, to hold by, to depend upon. We say, it all hinges
upon thiSj and mean it all depends, turns, upon this.
^, ge^ k and Cy are the representatives of dialectically
intermutating letters ; the dutch kryten^ krpten^ the
Spanish grilar^ the italian gridare, the french crier^
and our to cry, and to grate, as to make a displeasing
noise are a same word. ^ king at arms, is the diviser
and regulator of armorial fancies. A king-fisher, as
the bi3, has been already accounted for. The term

NURSERY RHYMES. 119

king has been referred by others to the dutch honing
(grounded in konnen^ to be able, powerful) ; but bj
what analogy of conversion can tnat be? while the
above given seems to carry the sound sense of the term,
and agrees in source and import with the latin rex^
regiSy rege, (king), evidently deriving from regere^
redtuiy to rule, to (Urect, and that from the dutch rijgen^
rtfghm, reehten, to rule, to direct. King^ gives the verb
taking. From the above hengen (without the prefix ^^)
the dutch have their term A^»^^^,stallion, stone-horse,as
that upon which its race depends,that without which the
horse kind could no longer be kept up. Kingcup, other-
wise buttercup, aeemsge king 'kop ; q. e. the cup (flower
cup) upon the appearance of which so much depends ;
it's opening being the 8i8;n of the due state of the mead
in regard to season ; and the mead or meadow being as
that on which a main part of the food of mankind de-
pends ; gehkng, €is above explained ; kop, cup.

** Ferdinand and Isabella kings of Spain." Bacon,

" Fair is the kingcup thai in meadow blows ;
** Fair is the daisy that beside it grows." Gay.

-*' "nie great Kino of king 9,

** Hath in the table of his law commanded,
** That thou shalt do no murder." Shakesp.

" England is so idly kika'd,

** Her sceptre so fantastically borne,
•* That fears attend her not." Idem,

OSS. The kin<s*s evil ; as the well known hereditary
s/cro^ous distemper; seems, de gelling e' s efiel; q. e,
the ruling principle here, is cruel continuance ; the na-
ture of this is perpetuated suffering; indefinite endurance
both in regard to what is to be borne by the afflicted
one, as well as as to its irremediable and transmissable
nature, and thus a curse to him or her and to the pro-
geny of either ; a family curse. It has nothing to do

120 AHCH.£0L06T OF

with royalty or the exploded farce of the king's touch
for its cure ; a conundrum suggested by some sycophant
or bigot from the identity of letter and sound of the term
king in both instances. I believe Queen Anne was the last
to expose herself by enacting this folly.

" Sore eyes are frequently a species of the king's evil."

TFiaeman,

A TEMPLB

(plural temples) ; a facial angle ; a comer of the fkce ;
seems, er timp hel ; q, e, a clear corner; a naked
angle ; in relation to the head or face to which it is a
completely hairless smooth spot, and thus distinct
from the rest of the face in mankind. Timp, comer,
angle ; hel, clear, bright, distinct, not covered or conceal-
ed ; i and e interchange dialectically, him and hem are
a same word, and so are to tire and teren, teeren, to
wear out, to weary. With the above timp hel, the latin
tempus ftempo7'aJ, the ital. tempia, and french tempe
are the same, as well as our own term. It ha^ta Tago
per tempus utrumque, the dart pierced Tagus though
each TEMPLE. Necdum temporibus geminis canehat
sparsa senectus ; nor had the scattered locks of age
yet be snowed his twin temples. Temporal as belong-
ing to the temples, is the physician's belatinized adjec-
tive of tempiis ftemporaj, temple, temples.

*• Her sunny locks

" Hang on her temples like a golden fleece." Shakesp.

" The weapon entered close above his ear,
" Cold through his temples glides the whizzing spear."

Pope.

" Copious bleedings, by opening the temporal arteries,
" are the most effectual remedies for a phrenzy."

Arhuthnot.

OBS. The greek krotaphos (temple) refers to the

NUBSBRY RHYAC^. 121

pulsation or striking felt at that part, and the dutch
sluap (temple) seems connected with slaen^ to strike,
tho^ugh usually referred by others to slaap^ sleep, and
thus the part on the place of rest.

QUEEN

(by Chaucer, quene^ queinj ; the dutch quenCy qicen ;
q, €. mother of a family ; wife ; the producer and nurse -
of her kind ; and seems derived itoxaquijneriy kwijnen^.
to labour, to be distressed, to suffer pain, and to be
as the part. pres. quyfie, in reference to what feills to
the female's share in bringing forth, breeding, and
nursing of her children, and thus as the object of na-
tural penalties from which the other sex is exempt.
The queen bee, is the sole producer of the entire hive,
the mother of the hive, the she to all the males or
drones y the rest being neuters (of neither sex). ^
queen, as a king's wife, is simply as his she ; a queen
when regent or king^ is or ought to be, as the mother
or father of the people, the one who labours for their
good, the one who acts in regard to them. as if they
were her children. Possibly grounded in weenen^ in
the sense of to be woe-begone ; to be in a lamentable
state ; the thema of which is wee, woe. And queen^ .
quean, the dutch quene, kween, a sterile cow ; also a.
scold ; and likewise a prostitute, seems the same
quijne ; in regard to the first meaning, it is as a cow in>
a state to be regretted by or vexatious to its .possessor ; .
in the second, it is as in a state to be regretted by her.
suffering partner; in the third, it is as in a state to be
lamented by her family and friends; koe^ comv, being
the impletive in the one case, and vrouw, woman, in the
other. The dutch term for queen is koninginne, as .
the femiij[ine of koning, king. Quijne sounds queen. .

ACQUAINTANCB

(formerly aqueintj ; seems as, er gewenttianse ; q, e,.
there^s one we are known to, one we are accustomed to ;
a person we are used to ; and m its collective sense,

R

122 ARCHiSOLOGT OF

it is, those who know us, and we them; for hanse
has both the meaning of companion, associate, fellow,
and also of company, association, society, as well a«
corporation; gewent^ accustomes to, makes intimate
with, the pres. tense of wennen, ghewenneriy to be in-
timate with ; and our old aqueint^ as acquaintance^ is
simply ergewent ; q. e. there an intimate, one known
to us; and a**** (formerly a quient, a quoyntj is
likewise er gewenty in the import of that which makes
intimate, makes acquainted with, makes known to, in
relation to the law of nature between man and woman.
To know a woman, and to know a woman carnally, are
technically equivalent phrases in the import of to have
sexual intercourse with a woman ; consuescere^ is the
latin synonym for gercennen ; consuescere cum
muHerCf is to know a woman in the above sense.
GeWj gUy qu^ ku, cu, are a same syllable ; so that die
gewentf sounds t?ie qtceint, now spelt the *♦** ; in the
old scotch shape of qtwynty it is as, die gewoont ; q, e,
that which makes intimate ; and gercennen^ gewoonen
are 8ynon3nnou8, from the last form we have wont^
accustomed. The latin cunnus, seems gewenne ;
q, e. making intimate, making known, the part,
pres. of the above gewenrien^ the e becoming the
nominative terminal tts in that dialect ; with this the
french con seems a same word ; in -the same way that
the french cocombi^ey our cucumber, and the latin
ctccumer are one word, the u exchanging with the o,

*' For certes, olde dotaide, by our leve

" Ye ^huUin have qusint right ynow at eve." Chaucer.

" What eileth you to grutch thus and to grone ?

" Is it you wold have my queint alone ?

" Why take it all, to have it every dele fhiVJ Idem,

** For I wold sell my qveikt

.*' I couth walkin as freshe as any rose

*'But I woU kepin it for your tothe." (see v. \,p. 165^

" And privily he caught her by the queint'" Idem.

** Lo how godely yspake the knight,
** As it had been another wight,
** And made it neither ^ tough ue ^queint !
*'*' And I sawe that and began me aqueint
** With him." Idem.

** I madin of that lefe full ^quein^

*' And when I felt I was aqueint

** With j^ialocoil and so prive." Idem,

^ It is so marvelous and ^queint,

" With such love be no more aqueint." Idem,

The obsolete accointance (now connoisancej of the
french is the same word with our term acqicaintances,
Quoynt^ as the synonym above explained, I have only
met with in an old printed scotch ballad, which I have
not by me.

** And Adam knew Eve." Genesis^

89Xy when used in the absolute sense of the femaU
Umd^ the sex is not then the same word with sex^ in
relation to m>ale Biud female which, as well as the latin
9ex%i8, means section^ division^ of the species, race,
each belongs to. But thu sex, as the female kind in
fecial, seems, fhie sie /lecks ; q, e, to this you see
there is a cut ; to the one you see there is a slit ; and
consequently a female^ in respect to sexual differ*
ence, and seems the announcins: of the nurse to the
mother who has then brought forth ; and as much as
to say, it is a girl, not a boy. The phrase resounds into
l«s SEX, as that portion of our kind which is bom with
such distinctive mark% T^hiCi to here, to this here ;
sie^ you see^ may see ; heck's^ is a gash ; hack, lieck^
hack, gash.

IMade up, studied, pompous ; as ttuwe, the part. pres. of touweny
to adorn, to prepare, to make up, to dress up; in the same way that
rottir, raw, unpolished, rude harsh, not laboured, becomes riMgk in
English. ^Qwdntf is explained under that term in this E:>say \

r3

X24 ARCHEOLOGY OF

** Unhappy sex, whose beauty is your share ;

** Exposed to trials; made too fraU to bear.'* Dryden,

** Shame is hard to overcome, but if the sex once get
"the better of it, it gives them afterwards no more
" trouble." Garth.

** LE SEXE* n'y est pas beau ; on dit qu'il a degenere."

Rousseau,

*0BS. The french term is a literal translation of the
english one ; and thus as above explained.

CHOP-FALLEN ;

abashed, confounded,dispiri ted ; seems schoppe valle'n ;
q. e. caught in the share of ridicule ; fallen into the
trap of mockery, and thus as the face of one who has
become the laughing-stock of the rest for something
said or done, ochoppe, ridicule; valle, trap, snare;
schoppe, sounds chop ; for which word see v, 2. p. 192.
A SLAP ON THE CHOPS; as a punishment or proper re-
turn for some impertinence ; seems, er's lap, hoofi de
Schoppe's ; q. e, there's a blow for you, ridiculinff is
an outrage there's a slap, mocking is an affront; ana is
as from the oflfended to the offender. Lap, blow,
stroke; ^s, is; hoon, injury, affront; schoppe, the
part. pres. of schqppen, to ridicule, to cut jokes upon,
to make a laughing stock of another.

A coroner's inquest ;

a legal or formal enquiry and ensuing opinion of the
cause of death in suspicious cases; seems, er kore
rouwn eers incke west ; q, e, let there be a legal
opinion taken upon view of the body when there has
been a wound ; a lawful judgment must be had upon
the dead person if there has been a wound ; inferring

which see. 3Here as gewent ; q. e. acquahited, thoroughly master
of. 4Not of the right sort, not straightforward, crooked ; see art.

.QUAINT.

NtJRSlSRT RHYMES. 125

an evident wound to be a lawful suspicion of the per-
son in question having been luiduly made way with :
kore^ either the part, pres, or else pres. pot. of koren^
keuren^ to form a legal opinion, to decide according to
law (rule, authority), to give judgment ; rourv'n eer^
at rest for ever, and thus the type of one that is dead ;
we say, he is now at rest for ever, and mean he is
dead ; dura quies (unbending rest, sleep) is a latin
figure for death ; rouw, rest, quiet, peace ; 'w, in ; eer,
forever, for hereafter; incke, wound, stroke; west^
fewest, the past part, of mesen^ to be. A coroner y
is thus as er kore rourc'n eer ; q, e. there a deciding
(decider) on the appearance of the dead body: one
that gives an opinion concerning the cause of it's being
fO from inspection. And probably our term quests as
in quest of, that which is searched for, is no other than
the above ijicke west, in reference to the import of the
entire sentence, which implies a search ; hence the
french enquete, legal enquiry, hence also onr question,
and the latin questio, and!^the french queter, to search,
to »eek after ; and perhaps the latin quoerere, quatsim^
qucestum; kew changes dialectically into kiL, the
diftch kuwen^ kouwen^ and our to cJiew are a same
wofd.

" Go thou and seek the corot^ter, and let him sit on
*• my uncle; for he is in the third degree of drink;
" he is drown'd," Shakesp.

CBS. Johnson derives coroner from corona^ crown,
and explains him to be an officer appointed by the
crown (king J for the purpose in point. An etymo-
logy worthy of the pensioned idolater of royalty, but
absurdedly groundless. The office is elective and rou-
alty, undue influence aside, has no more to do with the
appointment to it than common sense has to do with
such a derivation. By the country people coroner is
often pronounced crowner; and so still nearer to whatl
take to be the literal sound of the original phrase.

126 ABCHiEOLOGT OV

A DANDY ;

an eflfeminate coxcomb ; seems, er dUianne dije; q* e*
there the eflfeminate man is in perfection ; here we see
a complete specimen (exemplification) of a womanish
man ; of habits natural to the female, but unnatural to
the male, and therefore disgusting in him. And what
18 more sickening to behold than a masculine woman or
a womanish man ? Hanne^ henne^ an effeminate
womanish man ; also an imbecile person ; d^e^ thrives,
the pres. tense of dijen^ to prosper. Timidity and
hashfulness exemplify the wonmn^ but disnature the
maai. The dutch has the substantive dante^ in the
import of a ridiculously fantastical woman, and danten^
dantinner (whehce the firench dandiner^ and our to
dandle J in the sense of to idle away (mispeiid) time ;
to behave like a fool, sillily ; but that is not the source
of the term dandy ^ for a man may be ^fool without
being a dandy, and a dandy without being destitute of
talent D'hanne dije sounds dandy, a scaps oracs ;
one whose habits are unsuitable to the rest of society,
seems, er schep-greae ; q, e. from there that which is
forbidding to us is ellicited ; thence is got only that
which is appaling to others; and thus one of a lbr->
bidding, repulsive conduct; as disregardfid of social
habits ; schep, scheppe, the pres. pot. of scheppeuy to
get from, to take or draw out or from; gerese^ the
part. pres. of gresen, geresen, to horrify, to alarm. A
SKIP-JACK ; an upstart ; also an errand man ; seems, er's
Idppe fhack ; q. e, there what is made (that is seen)
has been the effect of chance ; and thus as one who has
become what he is by chance and not merit ; in relation
to an errand-man, it is simply as one depending upon
chance-jobs, over which he has no control as to their
happening or offering themselves. Ktppe, the part,
pres. of kippen, to take, to extract from ; ?iach, chance,
also spelt hack ; Jyje, some.

'' The want of shame or brains does not presently en«

RURSERT RHYMES. 127

"title every little skip-jack to the board's end in
*' the cabinet." V Estrange,

** DANDY, ridiculously foppish fellow." Maunder" sDict,

GALLIMAUFRY ;

a mess, a confused mixture in regard to eatables, a he-
terogeneous repast ; also used in the import of feasting,
along with the use of the wife or woman; the use of
the female belonging to the host, as well as that of his
entertainment; and thus an entertainment where no-
ting was wanting. But the term is now seldom if ever
beard in any class of society. I take it to be as, ga^'l
hie mae af rije ; q. e. here an another man's mess
settles the stomach ; in this case the neighbours col-
lectiiM) of eatables satisfies the appetite ; in reference to
$1 dinner or meal from home, and which, as one of cere-
mony, in former days at least, exhibited a greater variety
of comestibles, than could be expected in a family meal ;
bui^ae has both the vav^ovioi collection ovjnitting to^
getheVy and also ofwife^ woman^ female associate^ and
then the term imports both feast and use of the woman or
women of the host ; of which the french chere entiere
)M the equivalent. And in this sense, the expression
eould belong to the language of no society but one in
the uncivilized habits of the saxon at the period it re-
fers to ; or to that of the decoying gambler of this day.
Qae^ the contracted part. pres. of gaden, gaeyen, to
gather, to collect, to put together, to form, to make;
and is also the contraction of gade, wife, female, mate ;
7,^/, angther; hie^ in this case, here; mae, maag^
fnaeghCy maw, stomach, appetite ; ^, off, from ; rije^
the pres. pot. rijen, rijghen, to put in order, to satisfy,
to do duly. Johnson derives the term from the french
gcdknafrk (hodge-podge) but that is the above com-
bined phrase taken from us. A bore ; an ill mannered
|)er8on, a wearisome, tiresome being, from habit, man-
ner, talk ; seemsi er boi*e ; q, e, mistaken behaviour.

128 ABCHiEOLOGT OF

erroneous manner of acting or speaking, and thus the
type of tiresome, tedious, wearying, worrying person;
er, erre, erring, wrong ; bore^ gesture, conduct, beha-
viour, bearing. The word is in Wilcocke's Dictionary
but not in Johnson's, though in common use in society.
A FUMBLE R, in the customary import of that term in
all its directions of use ; the dutch fyineler^ femeler^
trifler, doer of nothing with the desire to do some-
thing ; ineffectually ardent, but has also the meaning of
one who has to do with a woman ; the substantive of
ff/melen^ to fumble, also to know carnally, to copulate.
A HOG, a two year old full grown sheep, and also a full
grown swine ; er hoge ; q, e. there that which gives
hope, that which gives pleasure to see, in reference to
the owner, who then sees the fitness of the animal which
has attained the complete size and state for all the pur-
poses for which he wanted it ; in the sheep, for sheering,
meat, production of race, &c., in the swine, for bacon,
pork, generation, &c., hoge^ the pres. tense of hogen^
to delighi. HOGSHEAD, the dutch ogshood^ ockshood^
in the same sense and seems as, oecke's hood ; q. e. the
summit of augmenting, in reference to vessels as hold-
ers of liquid, and thus as the most capacious of all
liquor vessels as containers of that which is in habitual
use for liquor, drink ; oecke, the part. pres. of oecken^
to increase, to make addition tp, with which our t4) eke^
is a same word ; hood^ head, top, summit.

** They fling up one of their largest hogsheads ; I
drank it off, for it did not hold half a pint" Shift.

"They have a dance which the wenches* say is a
** GALLIMAUFRY of gambols, bccausc they are notin't."

SJtakesp. '

" Sir John affects thy rvife^

— — " Why, sir, my wife is not young,

" He woes both high and low, both rich and poor;

." He loves thy *gallimaufry, friend." Shakesp.

KtRSfiHV RHYMl^d. ' ISd

c«-

' The H06, that plows not, nor obeys thy cdl
'* Lives on the labours of this Lord of all." Pope,

* That is, your house, your woman (wife) ; your table and all
the convenience he finds with you, and which he is desirous also to
share with yoil«

The daughter's complaint to the mother against the husband she
has given her.

** Zyn hert is as ien turf

*' Want hy en kan my meifymeUn,

«

Fumele, fymele, fifmelen ;

Al was't ook dat ik sturf." /. Vo8>.

Femelen^fymelen, is the same word with wemelen which seems as,
tram ^Un ; wamme, womb, and the french femme are a Baine word ;
ijlerif to inflame, to excite, to irlritate^ The b in. fiimbler is parer-
gical, as in tumtfler, which is the dutch iuymelery and in to crumble,
the dutch kmymeleni

A LUNCHEON 5

something eaten cursorily between the regular meals*
A thing known only among the easy listless classes of
life ; nobody hears of the labourer's or operative's lun-^ '
cheon, Er luy inn I schie hooni q. e^ there, laz?/
om^ cram ! a p^fect shame / here, listless ©ne !
fiU your guts! fy^ tor shame! and thus including the
senses of idleness, quickness, cramming, and reproach,
the true charac tens ticks of this wanton repast, when
viewed in relation to the scanty hard earned necessitous
meal of the operative, taken for the sheer support of
an ever occupied existence. The travesty has since
served for the name of an eatiiig for which no rule of
social order had contrived one ; of luncheofi, lunch is
fiuniliar abreviation; whence the verb to lunch. Of
course the term, as designated by the form of the an*
tient phrase, is in reference to days when the dinner
time of all classes was at noon, and therefore not so ur-
gently required as when the dinner time is as now at
seven or eight o'clock. The original phrase sounds
luncheon. The french say proverbially, on ne peutpas
diner deux fois par jour (no one can dine twice a day),

s

130 AROH/BOLOOT OF

where diner (to dine) is in the ground sense of that
word as explained in vol. \,p. 234 of this Essay; so
that the phrase means, that two daily repletive meals
can he of no service to any one, is not required hy
nature ; is unnatural, and may he hurtful. Breakfast^
from the nature of the term implies a short preparatory
incipient meal, and supper as connected with suijpen^
soppen (to sij), to sop) evidently a light one. Luy^
wy^ ley^ lazy, idle, indolent, averse to labour, listless.
Jnriy the imperative of innen,, to put in, to fill in, to
take in, to fill up. ; schie^ schier, sheer, complete. JSooriy
hone^ shame, in&my, dis^ce. The term seems to
have bewildered our principal etymologists ; Minshew
deriving -it from the Spanish lonjaj the knuckle end
of a ham ! Skinner from the teutonick kleinken^ a little
bit ; and Johnson Twho defines it *' as much bread as
'the hand can hold,") from clutch or clunch !

^^ When hungry thou stood'st staring, like an oaf;

^' I slic'd the luncheon from the barley-loaf;

'^ With crumbled bread Ithicken-d well the mess.^&ay.

OBS. The french ^y(>t^, afternoon luncheon^ refers
to what we now call tea-time. They have no true term*
.for amorning.luncheon.

^ ^ODT.;

a person.; ^soany natural power ; seems, ar &^Aie;
q, e. there command here ; there is that which bids,
orders; and thus the: human being, as that which alone
is endowed by its creator with -such quality or power.;
<or hod (command) may be here as .that which is the
^command (decree) of his Maker, and:^hus mankind as
.the distinguished being of the ^Creation ; but the first
given seems the true source of the term.; Ai^ here ; bod^
gehod^ command, mandate, annunciation. But body, as
that which holds ; seems, bode hie ; q, e, here domicile,
.place of abode, .that in which ^the sul^ect in ,point

NURSSRT RHTMSS. 131

abides ; is kept ; that which holds, contains, keeps.
The body of cm oXy it that which holds what makes
the ox. The body of a eoojch^ a churchy &c., is that
which holds, that for which a coach or a church is used,
made, intended. The body of the people^ as the mass
of the people, is as that which holds and so makes to
the eje of the heholderthemassof people in question.
The body of an argument^ is that which contains the
argument, its essence, effect, proof. This mine has no
body in it^ that is, does not contain that which makes it
wine, no spirit, no essence, no strength.; 5oi^,.house,
domicile, shelter, abiding place,, that which contains.
Bat body^ as in some body^.nobodyyis^person^£romthe
first above given source of the term. u£ poor body^
is a poor person. A dead body ^ is a dead person.
A corporate body^ is that which, rules^ orders, com-
mands in the place meant ; the managing part of the
community, ^od hie and bode hie^ both sound body.

-^' Tis a passing shame,

" That I, unworthy body, as I am,

** Should censure thus a lovely gentleman." Shakesp,

" Nobody sees me,. what need I fear? The Most High
" will not remember my sins." JSccles^

** There is, in the knowledge of God and man, this
" certainty, that life and death have divided between
'• them the whole body, of mankind." Hooker.

** Senex corpore, nunquam animo ; old in body, never
" in mind,''

OBS. From the above bode^ as abode, containing place,
cover, we have our term booth. The devil take thb
HINDMOST ; see that article v, \,p. 11. But a still more
probable form of the original phrase, of which it is the
disguise, seems to be, fhijd^evel te hecke^ de hye innd
nChoest ; q, e, to him the mischief of the town gate,

s3

132 ABCHA0L06Y OF

is the ^tting Out of breath and a cough into the bar-
gain ; m reference to some fat or elderly person ; hecke^
the town barrier ; hije^ panting ; hoest^ cough. A phrase
of course regarding only the saxon period when all towns
were barriered, though still holding good in relation to
fortified places on the continent; and inferring the
evil consequences of being behind in point of time;
te heckef sounds take; m'hoest^ moat. Almanack;
the dutch almanack^ which I take to be as a/ maene
Juicke ; q. e, the cutting tells all that is intended here ;
the carving notifies every thing wanted to be known by
this ; and refers to that which originally was actually a
carved or hacked staff or log of wood, the variously
hidented marks of which had each its proper signification,
in relation to the known divisions of time; a day
was of one kind, a week of another, a month, a year
of others, and so on; and appertains to a period long
previous to the substituted use of numericals and letters.
Among the indigenous inhabitants of America,! believe
strung pieces of wood are still used by way of chrono-
logical memoranda. Al^ ally every sort of thing;
maene^ maane, advertises, makes known ; Jiacke, the
part. pres. of hacken^ to cut, to make an incision ; h,
no letter. The word has been a matter of much research
among the learned, and by most attributed to an eastern
term signifying the progression of time, also enumera-
tion. By Kiliaan it is derived from al maene achte ;
q, e, the observation of every moon or month ; but 'an
almanack relates not only to moona^ but days, weeks,
and years ; or else how are w6 to know or indentify
them ? is it not for these that we have recourse to the
almanack, as much as for moons or months ?

^' But the 2t>^ calendars are the most ancient almanacks
" properly so called. Verstegan derives their name
" nrom a saxon origin, mz, al mon aght, or the obser-
*' vation of all the moons. This (the one seen by
" Gruter at Rome) was cut in elm, though most are in
*' hoxy and some few in fir, &c. Specunens of these

NURSERY RHYMES. 133

*^ logs may be seen in the British Museum." Compan,
" to the Almanack for 1839.^. 53."

OBS. Does the term log in log-book as the sailor's
journal of time and course refer to its once having at
first been a mere wooden tally like the almanack of
former days ? A time-serving man ; one always rea-
dy for any job that may indicate its being ctf use to him ;
seems, er fheim sie erve inge m'asn ; q. e. from with-
in himself he sees that by what he is doing he may get
property (estate) by it; and thus as one acting from
selfinterest. T'heimy in secret, sounds time; siCy
sees ; erve, inheritance, property ; inge, squeezing, the
part. pres. of ingen, engen, to strain, to straighten, to
compress ; m^aen, hereby, therewith ; sie erve inge
sounds serving ; m'aen, man.

" Trimming and time-serving are but two words for
" the same thing." South, And our antiquated a ^^r/*,
as a slave or bondsman of the land or estate in point, seems
as er sie erf; q, e, there you see a part of the property,
in him you perceive that which belongs to the land m
point ; and in fact with the land went also the slaves
belonging to it in former days, they being considered
essentially belonging to it. Erf inheritance, estate.

" Serf, a slave employed in Husbandry." Maunder,

summer

(formerly somir, somar, somre) ; the dutch somer,
held by Bilderdijk to be derived from zo-en, zu-en, as
the german modification of to-en, to bring together, to
bring forwards, aod so to produce, as the verbalized
toe, to, towards, in german zu ; whence he presumes
the terms soo, zoo, parcel, quantity, collection ; som,
some; somm£, burtheo, load, &c.. and thus as the
producing season, that of bringing together, assembling,

134 ARCHJEOLOGT OF

in relation to the earth and its fruits. To me however
the term appears as the phrase Boomer ; q. e, warmth
comeround again ; heat returned ; in reference to the cold-
er periods of the year; and thus the warm season, Soj
soe^ the part. pres. of so-en^ sodetiy to seethe, to come
into heat ; to ferment ; a same word with sieden^ to seethe,
to become hot, and the source of our sodden^ boiled ;
siedend heet is burning hot, and so is sodigh : om,
round, about. And to simmer^ as to make a hissing
inarticulate sound previous to boiline, seems as iie
himme'r ; q, e. seethmg is heard there, bespeaks itself;
sie the part. pres. of si-en^ siedeUy with which our to
seethe is a same word ; himmey makes a hissing inarticu-
late noise, hems, hums, the pot. pres. tense of himmen.
But summer as the principal beam of the roof, that
which collects and combines the rafters, seems in the
true sense of that word, as, unaptly in my mind, explain-
ed by Bilderdijk in relation to the term as the season
intended by it. So that in my view of the word, a ho
summer y would be a tautological expression; but I
take the adjective hot^ as here used, to be hott^ that
which has turned out what it should be, productive,
satisfactory, answering to that which nature intended it
to be, the past part, of hot ten j to answer the end, to
turn out right ; and warm in its place, would be as the
contracted part. pres. of waeren (to insure the right, to
answer or pledge itself for the object, view) mz, waertng.
Warm^ in a direct sense is the dutch waerm; and
hot^ is the dutch heet ; nood and need are a same word.
Winter, the dutch winter j seems, w' in f eer ; q. e. as
the termination of that which was better ; the end of
that which was preferable; conclusion of what was
rather had ; in reference to the more genial seasons ; in,
over, concluded ; eer, better, more desivable, more
agreeable ; w\wie, as, in any way. Landlord, as the
landlord of the inn, seems, the dutch words, die
leyend loerd of fhije inne ; q, e, this one watches
anxiously after the reception of the traveller ; he is the
one that looks out sharply for the coming in of the

NUR8SRY BHTMSS. 135

hard working man ; leyeriy leyden^ leeden^ to suffer, to
feel for, to be in pain for, of which leyend^ is the part,
pres. and sounds land ; loerdy the pres. tense of loereriy
to leer, to look askew, to look hard after with the air
of not attending to the object; of^ off, from the place;
t\te^ to ; hije^ the traveUing one, working one ; inne^
the receiving, the giving reception to. But landlord,
as in the landlord of a kouse^ of afarm^ 8^c^ seems,
die leend herd ; q, e, he who looks sharply after the
tenant, the one to whom the house or farm is let or lent ;
leendy the past. part, of leenen^ to loan, to lend, to let,
to accredit-^; and sounds land. Lord,, in the usual
sense, can have nothing to do here, and has been ac-
counted for in another page of this Essay. Bilderdijk
thinks winter grounded in weenen, to wean, and thus
as the season of want or involuntary abstemiousness,
which seems to carry a reflection boUi on human fore-
sight and the order of Nature. Besides where is the
analogy in sound? However the source I give above is
mer«ly as my view of the word.

"If /ye lose one, ye can well tweine purchace

** Al light for soHiR, ye wot wel what I mena;

" Inst^ of blewe, thus may ye were algrene."C%aiic^.

■"And some ysong^nolere

" Layis of love, thatjoie it was to here,

*^ In worshipping and praising of her *make,

" And for thenewe blissfull somir's ^ake.'*Idem.

— — — — " The orth was of su<3[i a grace,

" That it of flouris had plente,

"' That both'in somrr and winter be."" Idem.

" Oak, andthe like true hearty timber, may be better
" trusted in cross and transverse works, for summers,
" or girders in binding beams." JTotton.

•" After SUMMER evermore tueceeds

•«<

The bairen winder with his nyo^ns^oW Shaken

136 ARCHEOLOGY OF

•" If it be summer news^

" Smile to it before ; if rvinterly^ thou need'st
** But keep that countenance still.'' Shakesp.

OBS. Like a cat looking in the bible ; explained in
V. 1. p. 90. of this Essay, but which by a slight change,
is made to bear an equally analogous and still stronger
meaning ; lyck er guit lucking in fhije by beul ; q, e,
the rogue becomes a corpse (is frightened to death) when
it happens that torture by the hangman is in addition
to the sentence ; when he hears the judge unexpectedly
direct that the question should be applied before he is
executed ; and thus refering to the period when such
cases were usual in this country. Hence the name of
the press-yard at the Old Bailey in London, formerly
the theatre at which those displays were made ; now
replaced by those of the solitary cells, a still more
ne&rious and lingering torment than diat of being
squeezed for awhile upon the stomach, purposely drench*
ea with water by the hangman. Lyck^ corpse, dead
body ; also like ; t^hije^ to tormenting, torturing? and
sounds the; for the other terms see v. I. p. 90. Bi^e^
and hye^ are a same word, but belonging to either di&r-
ent periods of the saxon tongue ; or else to different
dialects of it.

'* Such a presumption is only sufficient to put the person
*' to the RACE or question, according to the civil law
^* (of England), and not bring him to condenmation."

^yliffe^

*Mate, companion; and seems as m* hack; q. e. that which
chance has given, the one that accident has caused her to fall in with,

and thus a guard for the female without regard to kind.

*

QUAIKT

fquainte^ qtieint, cointj ; strange, extraordinary, out
of the way, unusual, also involved, complex, artful ;

KtJRSEBT RHTMBS. 137

seems, gewent ; q, e. turned, turned round, aside, from
the direct or straightway ; the past part, of wenden^
to turn round, to turn aside, with which our to wind is
a same word. A quaint speech is a formal self-man-
nered otation ; a quaint S'ess^ a formal quaker-kind of
clothing. But quaint is also used by Spenser in the
meaning of languid, lingering, lifeless, vapid, and is
then as the dutch quenty quynt^ gequenty gequynt^
worn out, lifeless, consumptive, the past part, of
qicenen, quynen^ and not as Johnson supposed a licen*
tuous use of the above explained quaint^ by him in
both senses derived from the latin comptus^ adorned !
geWy grcy and ku are a same syllable, queer ; whim-
sically different from any thing else, strange, unknown,
seems, gewiere ; q. e. turning first one way then the
other, going off from straight direction ; and thus out
of the way, unusual, not like any thing else ; the part*
pfes. of wieren (with which our to veer is a same word)
prefixed by the impletive syllable gew fkuj ; a queer
yellow is one unlike, in certain respects, the rest of his
fellow men. a quiz, a ridiculous person, absurdly out
of the way ; always used in a contemptuous derogatory
sense; seems, er gewijse ; q, e, mistaken manner, self-
conceited habit, style of doing produced by wronghead-
edness; er, ^rr^, erring, erroneous, mistaken ; gewijse,
ghijse, guise, manner, way of acting; from which we
have made to quiz, to ridicule, to expose the absurdity
of the person in point. Johnson has not the term, but
Wilcocke has, in his english and dutch diet. From the
above ghyse we have our disguise, as out of the way
manner of dress, altered appearance, concealed in re-
gard to either person or professed sentiments. Er,
either as erring, or as there^ sounds a as has been re-
peatedly instanced in this Essay.

** For clerkes (churchmen) saie we shuUin be fain
*' For ther livelod to swette and swinke
" And thei right nought us give again
** Nether to ete ne yet to drinke ;

138 ABCHAOLOGT OT

** Thei mowe by lawe, as that thei sain,

** Us curse and dampne to hell*is brinke ;

*' And thus thei puttin us to pain

" With candles queint and bell'is clinke." Chaucer.

" Now thei ben queint and curious
" With fine clothe clad and servid dene
** Proude, and angrie, and envious," Idem.

^ For QUEiNTE ara^y withoutin drede,

" Is nothing proude who takith hede." Idem.

*^ All full of colour strange and coint,
" Uncouth and wondirfuU to sight." Idem.

** You were glad to be employed

*' To show how QUAINT an orator you are,'* Shakesp.

^ As clerkes been full subtle and quaint." Chaucer.

*^ What is the efficient cause of a king ? why surely a
* ' QUAINT question ! Yet a question that has been moved. "

Holtfday.

I never saw a better fashion'd gown
More QUAINT more pl«asing more unmendable.'

Shakesp.

■" I'll speak of frays,

" Like a bragging youth and tell quaint lies." Idem.

^'And kindling nero his courage seeming quaint.'^

Spenser.

A DANCING master^

in former days as he who got his livelihood by caper-
ings and displays of agility, as does the stage dancer of
the present day ; the saxon knew of no hired teacher of
such feats ; seems, er d' Turns hinge ; nCaest er ; ^. e.
upon this the fellow depends, there is that by which he
is fed; hans^ fellow; hir^e^ the pres. pot. tense of

1

KURSERY RHTMEg. 139

hingen^ hangen^ to depend upon ; rrC mee, mede, by^
with ; aest, the pres. tense of aesen^ to feed, to eat.
The CATHERINE WHEEL, as the inscription of the ale-
house ; now represented by the figure of a spiked wheel
for the image of that by which St. Catherine suffered her
martyrdom ; t'h^e kuyte reyn wie hije ijle ; q, e. for
the labourer (traveller) genuine strong beer, he that
goes further is crazy ; kuyte, ale, strong beer ; reyriy
pure ; wie, the one who ; hije, hies, goes on ; ijle, v»
mad, foolish, the rising sun, as the inn-sign so fi-
gured ; f hije reyse inge ; soen ; q. e, to the traveller
distressed by the journey ; comfort (alleviation) : reyse^
journey ; inge, the part. pres. of ingen, engen, to be
distressed (suffering); soen, propitiation, reconcili-
ation

A TURN. tippet;

one seduced by a present; by bribery; one who sella
his conscience ; er taeiie tip bet ; q. e. there a present
eclipses the understanding, head, mind ; in this case
profit bereaves of that which enables him to value him-
self; and thus a description of the degrading effect of
bribery or avarice upon the natural character of the
mind, and includes each of every of rank and station
of life that is biassed by self-interest; judges and au-
thorities who act from prejudice, interest, malice or re-
venge, in their decisions.

" Would it not be a pleasing and edifying employment
** for some elderly turn-tippet of our own era to show
^' the gradual refinement of corruption." JRrit, and for ^
Remew. No. \%.p, 504.

Tip and top are a same word in dutch and jdso with us,
tJte tip of the nose is the top of the nose ; and top is
the summit highest part ; the top of the head is the
crown of the head, and figuratively the head itself. To tip
a man, because ill-understood a seemingly slang-phrase,

t3

140 ABCHiEOLOGT OW

is the sound sense or meaning of toe tip er nCaen ; q, e.
by what is done the due state of the mind of the one
in point is at an end, and thus as the mind of one af-
fected by value given, a present, a bribe. Tip^top is
the mere alliteration of a same word, and means the
very summit, tip-toe, Johnson says is the end of the
tocj but I suspect it is as tip fhoe ; q, e. the top of all
that we can conceive, literally the imaginary top of
height ^ which in reality is endless ; to he on the tip-
toe of expectation^ is to be on the utmost stretch of
uncertainty as to what may happen. To tipple to
drink strong liquor wantonly, to be addicted to liquor ;
seems, toe tip eel ; q. e, strong drink to the utmost
pitch, and thus drink to an unnatural degi'ee, an extra-
ordinary quantity ; eel, strong beer, ale ; and the phrase
resounding into a combined verb we have used it as
such. To tip a wink, to give a hint by the motion of
the eyelids ; seems, toe tip er w'incke ; q, e, to the
head that which alters its state, that which makes it
fluctuate ; puts it in an unnatural state of doubt, hesita*
tion, in reference to the head of the one to whom the
wink is given ; incke, the part. pres. of incken, to go
lame, to hobble, to go on unnaturally ; the true effect of
an unascertained hint ; which a wink is. For the ex-
planation of taene, see turncoat fv, 2, p. 214) which
IS in fact an equivalent expression to turn-tippet.
M'aen, thereby, sounds man, Taene sounds turn.
TIPSY, drunk; seems, tip^s hije ; q. e. head is suffer-
ing, labouring, out of order; hije, the part. pres. of
hijen, hyen, to suffer, to labour. The substantive
tipple, is the part. pres. of the verb from the trans-
formed phrase, toe tip eel above explained, tippet, as
the uppermost article of dress when used, is the above
explained term in the phrase turn-tippet, but het is
there simply as use, service, advantage, and so as that
which is of service to the top or upper part of the per^
son, which with us at present, is ihe female. Bet, bat,
baet, boet, and our booty, in the import of profit are
groundedly a same word. And our term a bet, a wager,

NURSBRT RHYMES. l41

is the same het^ in the sense of sthke^ prize, booty ;
to make a bet ; seems, toe m' hack er bet ; q, e. to
that which chance may bring about there is also a prize ;
independently of the happening there is a certain pro-
fit for the one party or the other of the makers of the
wager. Toe mliack sounds to make, when that verb
is pronounced broadly as at that time, and as a scotch-
man or frenchman would now.

** I no longer look upon Idrd Plausible as ridiculous for
'"^ admiring a lady's fine tip of an ear, and pretty
** elbow." Pope,

** The pert jackanapes tipped we the rvink, and put out
'* his tongue at his grandfather." Tatler.

OBS. To tip, to tap, is also to touch by the top of
" the finger or that which strikes or touches."

*' A third rogue tips me by the elbow." Srvi/t,

" Then tipt their forehead in a jeer,

" As who should say, she wants it here," Idem.

" When I saw the keeper frown,

" tipping him with half-a-crown ;

" Now said I, we are alone,

*' Name your heroes one by one." Idem,

" He had also a tippet of fine linnen." Bacon,

'*' My fancy's still awake,

" Thoughtftilof drink, and eager in a dream
" TIPPLES imaginary pots of gJe." Philips.

" Welcome joy and feast,

'* Midnight shout and revelry,

"tipsy dance, and jollity." Milton.

142 ARCHiBOLOGT OF

" Where the fond ape himself uprearins high,
'* Upon his TIPTOES stalketh stately by.' Spenser.

** His prideVas in piquette,

** Newmarket fame and judgment at a bet."

Tipping^ the part. pres. of to ttpt to bribe, as above explained.

A jackanapes;

an insignificant booby ; a coxcomb ; ridiculous person ;
seems, erjacke aen ape's ; q, e, it is here as a monkey
in a robe ; the one here is just as much of a man as an
ape is when you have put a coat on him ; and thus im-
plying a mere beast in human dress ; a ridiculous
figure, person. Jacke, robe, gown, jacket ; ape, ape,
monkey ; aen, on ; V, is.

" Which is he ?

((

That JACKANAPES with scarfe.'* S/uikesp.

HONEST ;

conscientiously good ; seems, ko'n hest ; q. e, actuated
from within by high feeling ; that which is elevated a-
roused from within ; exalted thoughts are the source of
all done here; in reference to the person in point; ho,
hoog, high indefinitely, exalted to the full extent ad-
mitted to our power of conception, of the mind bestowed
on our nature; 'w, in, within, internally; hest, gehest^
the past part, of hessen, hissen, to actuate, to stir up,
to set on, to excite. From which phrase combined, are
also the latin honestus, the french honneste, honnete^
and the italian onesto. It is in this sense we say, he is a
high-minded man, and mean incapable of any thing
low, dishonest; hence also the dutch hoogmoed, magna-
nimity, high-minded ness. An honest action, is as an
action produced by high feeling, in reference to the one
who does it ; and from its considerate and mentally re-

NURSERY RHYIfES. 143

flective import the phrase can relate to no other than
the human kind. " An honest man's the nohlest work
of God," that is, a man endowed with the utmost a-
mount of high feeling is the grandest work of our
Maker, as known to us here. The french say, il lui a
donne un reoompense honnete and mean, such a re-
ward as the feeling of an honest man (mind) would
suggest as proper. Unefille honnete y is a naturally
decent young woman, «uch as she ought to be. Uune
naissance honnete, of a decent family, from parents
devoid of reproach, incapable of that which is unbe-
coming to the feelings of others. Mihi et honestus et
honoratus videtur, he seems to me both honest and
also V£ilued (honoured) from being so (as such.) The
nearest dutoh synonym seems, hoogmoedig ; q, e, high-
minded ; but which is also used in the deteriorating im-
port of a»8umingy arrogant. From the adjective we
have the substantive honesty (natural integrity) spelt
by Chaucer honeste and hone9tte,

" Is this a thing to you that is howeste {decent)

" That such a boy shall walkin as him lest

" In your despite, and singen of such sentence

^' Which is against your law'is reverence ?" Chaucer,

" So manly was this Julius (CcesarJ of herte
" And so well loved estately honeste (propriety J
*' That tho his deadly woundis so sore smerte
" His mantel over his hippis cast he,
^^ For no man should yse his privite,
*• And as he laid in dying on a traunce,
** And wist verily that ded shuld he be
"** Of HONESTiB /decency) yet had he remembraunce.'^

Idem.

HONOUR ;

natural integrity (purity) of mind and consequent iden*
tityof conduct in life, seems, Ao'^ hou'r; q, e, high

1^ ARCHAEOLOGY OP

feeling is cherished here ; that which is elevated is here
that which is held dear ; integrity of mind is that which
is in esteem here ; ho^ as explained in honest ; 'w, in ;
hou^ houw^ houd^ favour, reverence, respect ; unless
hou^ is as hovd^ held, kept to, and perhaps it is ; and
then the phrase would be, integrity is that which kept
up to here, A man of honour^ is a man observant of
integrity (social fitness.) Upon my honour^ by the
respect I have for that which I feel to be becoming
(proper.) Honour thy father and thy mother^ be true
to that which natural feeling tells you is due in regard
to them from you. The latin honor^ honos^ Italian
onore, and french honneur are the above combined
phrase, as well as our own term. Honos est premium
mrtutis, social reverence (respect) is the reward of in-
tegrity of conduct. She honoured me roith a visits
by her visit she did that which my feeling told was
respect to my social character. But honour^ in its ar-
tificial and analogical iense, as rank or privilege be.
stowed from elsewheie than from the hand of nature,
has no other relation to the import of the word than
that of letter^ and has been heraldically applied to a
department with which it has no rational or natural
connection ; for honour as rank or privilege,, may be
conferred by the vile upon the vile, by the hase upon
the base ; of which the history of all ages will afford
but a too abundant testimony, without recurrence to
that of any particular period. Honos aurtbus sity
let only that which is proper for the hearer be
said. "^'

" Well ye wote fJcnowJ that men call honour the
" reverence that man doth to man,'^ Chaucer,

OBS. The dutch equivalent for honour is eer ; q^ e^
honesty, probity, decency ; and seems as, ee'r ; q, e,
rule there, law there in reference to nature and thus as
the standard fixed by nature for the conduct of maQ{

KXnGUSBRT BHYMBSr. 1^5

ee, rule, eternal coarse or order of Bature, and in this
sense ee is used for rule^ order ; V, er^ there^

I (SOULD MAKB NEITHER HEAD NOR TAIL OF IT;

I was puzzled, undecided, in doubt; in reference. Ui
what should be done ; seems, the literal echo of hyfi
koud makey nae hye seer heet^no^ V fee ^l;€f kiet;
q, e, vexing brings on coolness, after violent teazingv
there is an inclination to form a new connexion, it says-^,
let us be off, separate ; quarrelling induces, coldness
in regard to the source of it, a sharp contest serves as
an invitation to another companion; tells us to part;
and thus a warning to the ill-humoured one of
the couple in point, but carrying with it the sense of inde-
cision in the other as to the executing of that which
the moment of anger suggests ; and thus infers a linger-
ing state of uncertainty along with the sense of the
ultimate necessity of doing what must be done. Hye^
as repeatedly explained above ; Uoudy cold, indifferent,
unfeeling; make, makes; of, off, part from, separate ; ee, .
marriage; t\ te, to; 7, el^ other; kiet, commands..
In literal expression the travesty has no rational import,,
but carries in use an inherent true sense.

TO PLAY THE DEVIL's TATTOO ;

to beat or move unmeaningly the le^ or hand, as people '
are apt to do when they are thinking of that which
iM^rnes them more or less ; seems, toepieije die, d'^eveVB
mlffte f uw; q. e. to make you do what we see, unhap.
piness must be inspiring you ; to cause this motion, you
must be attending to some uneasiness passing in your
mind, you are giving way to disagreeable reflections.
Toe, for, to ; pleife, the part. pres. of pleijen, plegheny
pleegen, to play, to perform. Die, this. Tuyte, the
part. pres. of tuyten, toten, to breathe into, to whisper
in the ear, to inspire ; but in the phrase of to heat the
tattoo, as an order for the soldier or garrison to retire

u

t4i MCHAOLOOT or

to their quarters, to come home for the night, the wordff
are the command of the officer to the bugle-man or
trumpeter, and seem as, hehiet de tuijte fuw ; q. e,
order (bid) the sounding (bugling) ** to home, to
your quarters !" Tuyte, as the part. pres. of tuyten^
to sound the horn, bugle, trumpet. T' W7», to you, to
where you live, in firench chez vous ; and we say, he
eame to you, in the import of, he came to where you
live, to your house or home. Behiet, the imperative of
behieten, heheetetiy to order, to command. Tuyten^
is the verb of tuyty tote, bugle-horn, horn, the point
of the horn, that by which it is displayed. BeMet^
sounds hecct ; tnyte fuw^ tattoo,

** All those whose hearts are loose and low
•* Start if they hear but the tattoo." Prior.

HB IS NOT OUT OF THE WOOD Y£T ;

he has not got through hia difficulties, embarrassments^
sorrow, grief; a nrjell known expression among all
classes of society ; seems, hy is noodt houdafde woed
fheet; q. e, he is distressed, keeps aloof; grief still
masters him ; he is pinched, keeps alone, sorrow still
gets the better of him ; a sense we intend when the
expression is used ; for what we mean is, I see by his
conduct the one in question has not surmounted even
yet the grief which anected him. Noodt, genoodt^ the
past part, of nooden, to distress, to straighten. Houd
afj the imperative of af-hotiden, to hold off Wonit
thud pers. pres. of woeden, to be affected in the mqP»
to sorrow, to grieve, to madden, to vex, grounded in
wee, woo, wo, the interjection of grief, sorrowing,
whence the latin vce / F'oe mihi / woe to me ! fFee is
also used by the dutch as the direct terra for grief, pain
of either mind or body ; whence weenen, to whine, as
well as raondj wound, as that which is painful ; a wound-
ed mind, is an afflicted mind ; to wound is to afflict,
to inflict pain. Wail, to wail, to bewail, as to lament.

KinmRT BHTMM. lit

<Mr grieve for, belongs to this source. To woo^ to court;
to make love to, to sigh to ox for ^ is another direct de«
rivative of the above weey woo ; to woou tyvoman^ and
to court or sigh for a woman ; are equivalent expressions.
Wounde^ was formerly used by us as infliction, afflic*
tion, plague, and thus in the ground sense ; the ten
woundes of Egypt ^ was as the ten plagues, curses of
Egypt. We had also once Uie terms wode^ wood^ ia
the import of the dutch noedy as above given, andlike«-
wise to woden^ as to rave; /,^V, stfll, ever ; heety com-
mands ; but heeten has both the import of to master^
be in a fury, to rage ; and also of to ferment, and either
sense will do here.

** Wo « me for my hurt, my wound is gremomiP

Jer.:si. ISL

*• We cannot fight for love, as men may do ;
** We should be woo'd, and were not made to woo.'*

Shakeap,

" Winds do rage as winds were wood." Ttisser,

** On their rusty bits did champ as they were w®od."

Spencer.

*^Vicc8 *wod«n to destroyen men by wounb oi thought.^

Chaucer^
** And if so be my lady it refVise
'*Jo r lacke of ornate spedie, I would be %o
^feiat I presume to her to writin so." Idenu

Your princes enrin, as your nobles dothe;
Quoth tho Cecily in a ^od8 sentence." Idem,

^' Lo he {thejtt4gej dissimuleth here in audience,
^^ He starith and ^oqdith in his advertence." Iclenu

^ I praise no woman though she is ^wode,
*^ Thatgivith herself tor any gode." Idem.

v3

u

1i8 MxcmmoLoa or

** Ani<^ as helpe me God wi^al,

*^ I trowe it wets in the dismal

" That was the ten woxjndss of JEffyptJ*^ Idem.

*^ The prince, unable to conceal his pain

" Gaz'd on the fair

" Who caus'd his care,

*^ And sigh'd and looked, siqh'd and look'd,

*^ Sioh'd and look'd , and sigh'd again." Dryden.

1 Rage, are mad. SSorry, grieved. 3Angry, spiteful. ^Storms
like a blackguard political judge in his summing up. X3ourted.

TO TRANSMOGRAFHT

(transmogrifhy) ; a true and souud sense) although
unmodish, verb in the import of to transform, to me-
tamorphose, to change from one state into another in
appearance ; seems, toe transse rrC liok grave fgerievej
hye ; q. e, the labourer digs out (fits out) the land in
point into a trench with a mound ; by the work of the
spade it is turned into a ditch and bank ; in reference to
the land ; and thus the true description of the rise of
all towns in the days referred to ; formerly towns were
as such by ditch and mound (mount) and their conse-
quent gates and barriers as outlets ; and still are so on
the continent. By some (Boyer's diet.) the word
is spelt with an ra^ by others (Maunder's diet,) with
an rt ; toe^ into ; transse, trench, ditch ; m\ mee, m^fj^
with ; ho^, the contracted part. pres. of ko-en, hogKm^
to make high, to build up ; grave^ the pres. tense of
graven^ to dig out, the verb oigraf ditch, grave ; geriep-
en, to suit with, to fit up with, the verb ofgerief accom-
modation ; hye, labouring, also working man. From
transse, trensse, we have our trench and to trench, to
dig up, also trance as the passing from one state into
another, from life to temporary death ; hence also the
fiench /rawcA^r, and our trencher, as that upon which

NVRSBRY RHTICSS. 149

our food was formerly cut; and the latin its trans,
across^ from hence to thence ; from one place to the
other. The preposition or adverb toe preceding in
the original form of the expression, has caused it to be
travestied into a verb, and used for such, as in msmj
other similar instances. The verb is formal and anti-
qttated but not ludicrotia as usually supposed.

THE BULL AND MOUTH ;

(for preface seep, 78. art. cross keys, and p. 78J ;
fhife hulle hande m*hou's: q, e. to the traveller a
warrant of accommodation, together with respect; to
the tired one an authority that supplying his wants is
to be found here, along with attention ; bulley warrant,
patent; the pope's hull is the pope's authority for
acting; hdnde the part. pres. of handen, to present to,
to supply with ; hou, houw, hotidj good will, attention,
respect ; m%me^, mede, with ; rn'hou's, sounds moutb,
-The above sign is by some whimsically interpreted
as the travesty of the Boulogne mouth; but where is
that? the Boulogne harbour , we know of, but the
rwer Boulogne is yet to be discovered. Besides how
is hull and to be found in the term Boulogne? Tbb
IFINE APPLE ; fhijepyne, happ eel; for the one suffer-
mg from travelling (hard work), let ale be taken ; for
the tiring one a sup of strong liquor is the thing ; pyne^
the part. pres. of pynen, tol)e m pain, to pine ; happy
the miperative of happen, to take^ to catch, to snatch ;
ijL ale, strong liquor. The white bear, t'hije m^
wgte, here ; for him who works hard, beer; for the hard
working ale is the best thing; the words have been
already explained ; here, beer, sounds hear. The bush
INN ; fMje hijuhischey inn ; when tiring, self whispers,
go in ; to the tiring one his own feeling tells him it is
time to desist and go in to refresh ; u, you, self; hische,
whispers from within; inn, the imperative of innen.,
to go in, to rest, to repose. The swan inn ; f htfe
s'wao'ny inn; to the traveller, jhould the leg give up

350 kwcaMOLoaw ov

(fail), let him come in here ; if the journeying one feeli
hislegbecomingtorpid (deadening), let him come inhere;
nfo^y wade, waeye^ calf of the leg, the part of it where
&t]gue is felt or perceived, and as regards its use the leg
itseu; 'n, m, at an end, done up, ended. The adam and
CVB ; fhije adem^ hande hete ; breathing becomes labo*
rious, relief is at hand ; breath exhausting, that which will
restore it is ready to be supplied here ; adem, breath ;
out of breathy is coming to an end in regard to power
of action ; heve, elevation of spirits, restoration of an-
imation ; also nourishment, food. The dutch spell
Eve^ Heva, The george and dragon ; fhije je hoore
je^ hand drage onne ; q, e, to the travelling one some-
thing or other is always neccessary, competent attendance
is at hand here ; to the traveller when tiring either rest
or refreshment is wanting, proper attention will be paid
to him here. The wheat sheaf; t'kijew'hietschie
af: to the traveller who orders, the thing is done at
once; what the traveller directs if done in a trice ; Met,
orders ; schie^ entirely, also quickly ; qf^ off, done with,
done. The bell savage ; fhije hij eefa have $eje ;
g. e. to the traveller along with ale any thing else it
idways here ; for the tiring one any thing that is to be
had may be got here as well as strong liquor ; havey sub*
stance, that which is substantial, solid; ee^ ever, al«-
t^bjb; jey something; so that have ee je^ is alwa3rt
something substantisd ; by some the sign is deemed to
be the french helle sauvagey in reference to some ima-
ginary mild heatUyy but I never heard of her or
of those who saw her; besides, why make her the ijfgk
of an english inn ? a sheer fancy from corresponds^
sound of words. The star ; fhije stak'r ; q, e. for
the tiring one assistance ; for the traveller accomodation
here ; staiey siaedey etadey stead, support, a place to
stop at, a position. The black bear; fhpe hij laeckey
here ; q, e, for the traveller when he is exhausting beer
is the thing ; for the impairing traveller strong hquor
is what is wanted ; laecke, leaking, impairing, consum*
ii^, wasting, the part. pres. oiUxecken^ to leak, to lack,

irerBSSBT bhtmbs. 151

a be deficient ; bij laecke sounds black. Thk black
horsb; fhJ^t b^ laeeke hoore^s; q, c. to the traveller
who is wasting there is something necessary ; for the
impairing traveller that which is requisite is to be had
here ; hoorey the part. pres. of hoorerij to behove, to
belong to, to be proper or requisite. The bai^d fac'o
stag; fhije bald vest sta^ egge; q.e,to the almost
knocked up traveller stopping is a revival ; to the near-
ly stand-stilled traveller, a place to repose in is an
excitement to go again ; baldy almost ; vest^ vast, fixed^
at a stand-stilly sounds /ac*d ; stae, the part. pres. of
itaen^ to stand, to stop, to come to a pause ; egghe^ the
part. pres. of eggerij to egg, to excite, to put a edge to,
to sharpen. 'iuiE kinc's arms ; fhijegehinge^Sy harre
^vfCs ; q. e. to the tiring tl^ recollecting that reposing
in some place is requisite is a matter of course ; to the
travelling the coming in to the mind that he must stop
somewhere is that which must be, that which '\9\gehingej
the part. pres. of gehingen^ gehengen, to remember,
to recall within fsee art. king in this vol,} ; liarre, the
part. pres. of harren^ to abide, to remain, to take up
an abode ; 'm im, in^ in, at. The black swan ; fhije
belacKs wak'n; q,e, to the traveller a temptation, is
he is leg- tired ; this a tempting place to the leg-tired
traveller ; belacke, the part. pres. of belackeriy to allure,
to ensnare, to entrap ; wa^, as above. To the above and
those given at the articles cross keys and dancing mastxb
are so many more confirmations of the statement made
at the head of the first of these articles ; and that the
Mious and otherwise unaccountable pictorial enigmaa
iXpended at our inns, are the true representations of that
which is inferred from theliteral sound-sense of the origf-
nal saxon inscriptions over the beer or ale-houses
now called inns. What else could have sugges-
ted such irrational and unimaginable signs as the
cross keySy the bull and mouth, Sfc, not even if bedlam
was liet loose, and its inmates the devisers of them.

A club;
in both the customary senses of that term ; appears to

152 ABCHJBOLOOT OF

be as the dutch klup ; q, e. cut off or out, shaped and
separated from the main body to which it bekmsed ;
and thus in the one case a detached or chosen hoSfid
fellow-men, in the other a detiached and shaped portion
of substance, wood, iron, &c. And klop-suster^ is a
beguine, a sort of nun, one belonging to a separate
body of females formed by distinct rules, subject
to forms and habits for a special purpose; as ekib
a thing shaped and cut out from substance, it is the dutch
klitppe^ kloppe, klippel^ kloppely which seems the
the contraction gelubben, to castrate, and so to cut Tout,
off, from) a part from the whole ; that ge and a;, as
well as p ana b are habitual intermutations has been
repeatedly exemplified in this Essay. Lohhe^ is the
dutch for lobe, a part of a whole. Kloppe is a blow by
a dub. Kleppel, is a knocker. Klappen^ is to clap
with the hands ; kUppen^ kluppen, is to knock ; and
so is kl^yppen^ and here we see the five vowels in so many
verbs a of correlative import, as in numerous other instan<-
ces in this language. But thi&is not the source attributed
by Bilderdijk to club^ as select association ; he deems it
to arise from such society being ruled by one invested
with a club or staff as the ensign of office, and
thus a kind of speaker or usher of the black-rodt.
I never heard of such at club, except the house of Com*-
mond can be deemed such and there a Tnace or chib* is
earned by a special porter and not by the speaker, or reg-
ulator of it. But optare hoe guidem est, non diaputare
as to the true source of the term. From the substanstive
we have the verb to clvh, to put together for apurpo^.

" What right has a man to meet \a factious clubs, &c.t "

Dryden.

" By Godd'is bones (Gods boons J when I bete my

[knaves,
" She bringith to me the grete clubbid staves ;
'^ And cryith slee the doggis everichone.'' Chaucer.

mntSBST 8HTlfSII» 1 53

agog; as the adverbial term fer aBtate<tf cttriDsky,
expectancy, excitement ; seems tlie dutch er^hoge;
q. €. there desiring, es^ecting, exaltation, excitement,
the part. pres. of hoghen^ Jien^^n, to exnlt, to be in a
state of exaltalion, Might, exicttement; prefixed by the
oompietiye adjunct ge, Johnson says the term is of
uncertain etymolc^, but that it may be the french h.
§ogOy as used in the phrase t?M?rtf ^ gogo^ to live in clo-
ver, in -a state of abundance and prosperity, but that's
our own term in a french dress.

'* In which tiae saints are all agoo

^' And all this for a bear and dog.'^ Hudibrui.

k DAISY; the flower known by that name; seems, er
d'heye's hie ; q, ^. the time for worfdng is come ; this
is that which announces the spring as the reviver of
field work which the foregoing winter had impeded ; and
thus as the flower which serves as a signed for the re-
newal of interrupted employment to the cultivator of
the land. Heye^ hye^ the part. pres. of heyen^ hyen^
to labour, to work.

*' When DAISIES pied and violets blue
** And lady-smocks all over white.

And cuckow-buds of yellow hue

Do paint the meadows much bedight." Shakesp.

P&OiriSES AHE MiU)E LIKE PIX-CR'CST TO BE BROKE ;

in literal form expresnng that which could enter the
head of no xitional being, but a well-known saying,
and when used meant as a jocular evasion of reproof
for some detected falsehood ; but is in truth, li^e so
many other of our literally unaccountable sentences, a
travesty of a sound sense original form ; which seems,
pije roeme mi$9e'8 ; haere mede lyke pye kroesty toe
Uje broke ; q, e, the vaunting of the priest is false; the
irax as wdl as the priest swill strong liquor, the pen-

154 ASLCBMOhOGY OP

• ...

ahy (fine, payment) falls upon the industrious one ; the
bragging pretention of the parson is all stuff; both he
and the monk are swiggers of mead (habitual drunk-
{u*ds,) it is the husbandmen that has to pay the piper
for them. JPye^ capuche, cowl, and haere, haircloth,
(in french cilice) are the distinguishing ensigns of the
priest and the monk, and thus the types and personifi-
cations of each, have been explained in the other
volumes of this Essay ; and so has mede, as the rum,
brandy, strong liquor of the saxon day; when
mede hqf (mead house) was the equivalent of our mo-
dern ale-house or heer^shop ; roeme, the part. pres. of
roemen, to vaunt, to make a fuss about a thing ; missey
amiss, false, mistaken, wrong ; li/ek, lyk, in the same
way, as ; kroest, swills, tipples, drinks to drunkenness,
the pres. tense of kroesen ; bije^ bee, the industrious
one; hroke, penalty, fine, mulct, forfeiture. From
Toemen^ to bray of, to make a noise about, we have our
rumour, the latin rumor, and the italian its romore
(noise). Travesty and original sound exactly alike.

"I eat the air, vnouisE-crammed ; you cannot feed
" capons so.'* Shakesp,

OBS. The literal disguise is analogous to the sound
sense of the original in as far as the priest and monk
are there represented as breakers of their professional
vows, by becoming idle drunkards at the expence of the
community, of which they ought to be the guardians
and examples ; but is the honest phrase of uie monk
hating heathen saxon. Nor could so profligate and
dishonest a saying have crept into use in rationd society
but by such means, a jackdaw, of which daw, is the
ellipsis as ass is of Jack-ass (see v. i. p. 158) ; seems,
er j'hacke d'auwe ; q, e, there is that which is ever
hacking (pecking into) the ground ; in reference to the
search for worms its natural food ; hacke, the pres.
of hacken, to hack, to break up, to chop ; auwCy ouwe,
ground, land, field, a crow ; seems, er kraeije houwe ;

HUE8BRY RHTMSS. 155

q. e. there a breaking up of carrion (the entrails of dead
animals); in reference to the worms and maggots in
them ; kraeye^ koreyCy^ guts and garbage of dead
beasts ; houweny to hew, to* cut. a rook ; seems, er
ruw hoeeke; q, e, there he hooks (fishes) up that
which was at rest in the ground, and thus in reference
to the worm that has its abode there by nature* John-
son's etymologies of these three terms are of a very
different kind ; but to me they appear whimsies. How-
ever any one that chooses can judge for himself that
has his book. Je^j^ ever. Thacke d'hauwe^ sounds
jackdaw ; kra^ye houwCj crow ; ruw koecke, rook,

A FAIR OF TWEEZERS ^

in the usual meaning ; seems, erhyeraf fuw hijseW^a ;
q, e. but what is there you have the means of taking
away ; by this, there parting takes place ; with this mean
you can get rid of that which you wish or intend ;
now used simply in reference to stray hairs on the face ;
afy off ; t\ tCy to ; ww, you ; hijse^ the part. pres. of hijsen
to cut away, extirpate; thus as cutting away, or off,
parting from ; V, er, there ; '*, is. The literal phrase
cannot have been at first in that form^ for it expresses a
single tool, not two as the plural tweezers and pair
would make it. B andp interchange in sound, so that
er bij er, sounds a pair ; fuw hpy twee ; ^se'r's^ zers.

TO BUILD CASTLES IN THE AIR ;

to forge improbable prosperity in the mind, to fancy
improbable, if not impossible^ events ; seems toe he-
yld keye aes file's ; inne de erre ; q, e> a complete
devotee to idleness the fool becomes the prey of whims
(idle fancies,) wrongheadedness takes possession of
him ; entirely devoted to laziness the weak-headed one
is eaten up by his imagination and full of wanton ideas.
Toe, quite ; be-ijld, the past part, of ijlen, ijdelen, to
idle away, to do nothing useful; keye^ weak-minded;

x3

156 JOMTMBOUMnr cm

^^^9 Pi^y> &>od ; ^Isy &e part. pros, of iflen^ to be in a
wrong state of numd, to be crazy; inne^ comes in;
errcy errour. Original and travestjr arealiJie in sound
and sense. To huildy inits proper unport, is the dutch
beeldeny to imagine, axad to huild Li to follow the plan
(design^ scheme, &ncy) intended by him for whom the
wovk meaiEt is to be done or of him by whom it is
done.

^* These were but Mke castles ik the aib, and fnen'9
*^ fancies vainly imagined." Balei^h.

OF, OFF ;

the dutch of, ave, in the same import, grounded in the
yerb ctvefiy to go away, to depart,, to aecrease, to de-
scend, whence their avend, the german abend, and our
evening as departing day, %ht, sun. Evening is as
anenmg the old participle of at7^n ; a and ^interchange,
aeten, eten, eeten, ana omr to eat, are a same word.
Here also belongs aver^ ovcTy over, as departure or dis-
tance from the point in question ; over heady ia beyond
the head, above the head. Ofy offy in all ita uses in our
language will be found to imply a sense analogous to
away, departing &om. He spoke of you, he spoke
away from you about you. Be of good cheery be as
proceeding or coming from goodchcer, and tlius cheerfuL
A hit of a rogvSy a bit or part coming from a rogue.
Of a same stocky from out the same stock. To dine
off meaty to dine from meat, and from is as the dutch
ver^om ^r or parted all round, in any direction of sur-
rounding space, indefinitely. Let of off, be tried, and
it will in all cases, where it is not a travesty, be found
analogous to import carried by a^aoen as explained. See
vol, It, J). 227. LM. ab infra.

TO QUARREL WITH HIS OWN BREAD AND BUTTER;

to outrage hts patron (benefactor).;, seemi^ toe ^uak

NUBSXaT BHYIQU. 157

reils; wps hie^s AewK^n. heyeed; end hotfeer; q, e,
have done with all bad languages, show that respect
has taken its place in you^ have done with the part of
the fod, have done for good and all ; and thus as a
wholesome advice to some display of thoughtless in-
tBnperance of speech towards one on whom the other
depended for his bread. Toe^ done with, ended ; quae^
kwae, kwaed, quaed^ bad; relle, ihe part. pres. of
rellen, to rail at, to abuse, to rattle away; mjSy show,
demonsti-ate ; hie, here; '«, is; heuWj respect; '«,
in ; hereedy beref/d, ready^ prepared ; end, finish ; hot,
fool, blockhead; feer, from henceforward. The ex-
pression is homely, but well-known to all classes with
us ; in literal import nonsense. The dutch term for
bread and butter is boter-am fhamj; also boter-
brood. Bereed, sounds bread; end, and, Butt, as
in the expression he was. the btitt of the compcmy,
the fool or jest of the rest is, I suspect the above bot
(fool) object of fun, ridicule*

DOBMSU;

the ellipsis of dormer-window, as the window above
the other, the top window or r^ige of upper windows ;
seems, d'hooer m^W ; q, e, the higher of the others
there ; the upper of those that are theie in the same
building (front) ; and thus the upper windows of all in
a house ; hooer, higher, uppers the comparative of hoo,
hooffh; mjme^,mede,mth; V,^r, there. Bailey has
the word, but no etymok^ ; Jolniaon canfbunds it
with dorfnant ; and has also made a like mistake in le^
gard to DORMOUSE ; which he says is disdormio, I sleep^
and mouse : and what mouse does not ? The word
seems to be as, ^ie ^or^ mos; q» e, for this moss is
veqnired;^ in refeience to it» nest oi dwelling. The
do9imouae, is of the squirrel, npot of the moztse kind.
And dormant mjfeferenc&tx)' window, is a fixed win-'
dow, one that does not open or shvrt, as in some old
chdZKhes and pdsoxis, asdi thuik one that is nev^p moved^

158 ARCHifiOLocnr ot

by opening or shutting, and has no relation to any mate-
rial. Dormaunt in relation to table (board) ; seems,
d'hoore ma^ aen't ; q, e, that which the stonmch re-
quires is upon it; all that the appetite can desire is
here. Dormant in regard to muster or other public
arrangement, seems, d'hoore m'aen te ; q, e. these
(those who are) required are here; are here as
they ought to be, and has no relation to private as
Johnson supposes. Hoorerij to belong to, to be neces-
sary, 10 be required by ; moSy moss ; ma^,^ maeghe^
maw, stomach ; aen^ on ; te^ to, present Private is no
epithet for mtister,

" Woe was his coke, but that his saucis were
^^ Poinant and sharp, and redy alle his gere,
** His table dormaunt in his halle alwey,
"Stode redy covered all the long dey," Chaucer.

** There were other dormant musters of soldiers,
** throughout all parts of the realm, that were put in
** readiness, but not drawn together." Bacon.

^ I can insure his anger is dormant ; or should he
** rouse, it b well &c." Congreve.

** Which lies as it were dormant." Grew.

^' Notalion rampant, but rather couchantand dormant/'

Bronm.

**01d DORMANT-Twwt^ow* must coufess
** Her beams." Cleaveland.

A PAIR OF spectacles;

seems, erhy er af apie eck feeckeVs ,• q^ e. by this
there the point of a spike is an acorn ; by this the
point of a nail becomes as an acorn, in reference to si^e,
appearance. Er by er af, are terms we have repeated-
ly explained. Spie^ spike, naiL £lcky edge, point.

KURSBRT RHYMES. 159

£eckel, acorn. 'S, is^ is. Er by er^h commutiDg as
every one knows with /?, sounds a pair ; t\ te, to ;
spie eck f eeckeVSj sounds spectacles ; a term which in
this sense has no singular except in spectacle-maker j
land specfacle^case, aS^^^j^^/^, show^exhibition, sight,
has nothing to do, in point of etjrmology, with the above
term. The dutch for spectacles^ is hril^ brill; the
italian occhioli ; the french lunettes ; all terms which
have no relation in point of source to the word spee-^
tacles*

A few;

an indefinitely smaller part than the wholes less^in size
and number than all ; seems, of huwe ; q. e, a slice ^
from ; a cut off, a cutting of; and thus an indefinite
portion of that whence detached ; the component of
an integral. In fact a substantive, though used in some
cases as if an adjective. The expression of a few
broth is common among country-people, in the import
of a little brothy a less portion than the whole that has
been made ; and here, however rustic in present usage,
is in its true and sound sense. A cart load of
turnips out of a field of many acres of them, is rela-
tively a few turnips ; but if bought by a cook for to
use in the kitchen, it is then, relatively a great many ;
as she could not say she had bought a fern turnips^
though the owner of the field who has sold the cart-
load might, I have sold only a few, A peck of
cherries^ from an orchard of them, is a few cherries^
but for a man to eat, a great many, Johnson derives
the word from feo^ but don't say what that is. The
french ^w, is a same word, and probably also the latin
paucus^ and italian poco. The scotch feu^ as the te-
nure of a share of the land belonging to a superior, a
holding by a reserved rent a portion of the lord's en-
tirety of estate, is evidently a same word with the above
phrase. Af^ off, from, away ; huwe^ hauwe^ houwCy
the contracted part. pres. of huwen, houwen, to cut ;
hy no letter ; of huwe is a fuwe^ and dialectically a

160 AROHJiOLOGT Off

fiw : kuw and our hew «re a same word, and the ter-
minal e has no sound ; few of old was vpeit/ewe,

** FEU the tenure by which lands are held of a supe-
*' rior lord." Maunder.

RELIGION ;

as in natural religion^ is the inborn consciousness of a
first cause, and consequent awe and devotion ; seems
rije Iggeje ho'n ; q, e, inherent order belongs to some-
thing beyond our ken ; established regulation is due to
one above our knowledge, to one unseen by us except
in the display of the Universe ; inferring the naturally
consequent feel of admiration of, responsibility towards
and suomission to the unseen Author of all ; without
relation to outward form of worship as the display of
such feeling , and thus simply innate consciouffliess of
what we are, and what he is to us, and consequent re-
sponsibility to him. Rije^ order, rule, arrangement,
the substantized part. pres. of r^en^ to regulate ; Ugge^
the pres. pot. of liggen,U> belong to, to rest upon ; je,
some one, also something ; ho, indefinitely high, be-
yond view or conception; 'w, in, in. The phrase
sounds religion, rije sounding re, as has been already
explained. Liggen in german is ligen, with one g.
The source attiibuted to the term by others, is the latin
religare, to bind, and thus implying an enforced priv^
ciple, instead of the naturally consistent feeling within
the rational being, which in truth it is. Besides how is
the word religion to be constructed from religare^ even
in point of form ? where the i is also long instead of
short, as in religio ? If such were the true source of
the term, Cicero's expression of religare aUqttod
religione (to bind a matter by oath, conscience, word)
would be an absurdity ; a binding by a binding I The
greek eusebia (religion) seems as eu, honestly, rightly,
duly, and sebein^ to cultivate, to attend to, to reverence,

KVRSBRT RHYMBS. I6l

and thus simply to act in all things according to con*
science, internal dictation. In the phrases, Chinese^
catholicky mahometan^ greek^ lutheran^ protestant
religion^ ^^., it is simply that admitted hy the respective
goverments as that of the state and inhabitants ruled
by it,and thus the one politically encouraged and sup-
ported by them, in church establishment and form of
worship, but without relation to individual way of
thinking. Oath (formerly othej ; seems the dutch eed^
in the same sense ; probably grounded in ee, echte, law,
(also marriage), whence echten, to bind ; and thus a
legal binding, a,hond lawfully attested ; oa interchanges
with ee, our wood (the plant which produced the ancient
blue) and the dutch weed are one word. The dutch term
for religion is godsdient (service of God), in ground
sense acting according to the dictates of the conscience
had from the one that made him. The french say, met-
tre une fille en religion, in the technical sense of to
make a girl a nun, and thus to devote her specially to
the service of the Deity, interestedly or superstitiously,
overlooking that for which she was intended by nature;

" One spoke much of right and wrong,
" Of justice, of RELIGION, truth and peace,
" And judgement from above." Milton.

Natural religion ; innate consciousness of a first cause,
independently of institutional formula or worship ; seems
natuur, al r^e liggeje hdn ; q, e, nature, with all the
order of things belong to something beyond our con^-
ception, to a cause above our present means of knowledge
in reference to our present state. JSTature ; seep. 49;
the rest of the phrase as explained in this article.

" Tant qu*on ne doime rien a Tautoritc des hommes,
^' ni aux preijuges des pays ou Ton est ne les seules
^^ lumieres de la raison ne peuvent, dans Tinstitution
'' de la Nature, nous mener plus loin que la Religion
^' KATURELLS," Bouseau,

162 ARCH/BOLOOT OF

A wbther;

a gelt or stoned ram ; that which is used for food, the
mutton of this day ; the dutch weder^ in the same sense ;
(an indisputable instance of the dialectical identity of
the d and thj. Decided by Bilderdijk to be the anti-
quated weeVy now surviving in the phrase weernats-
sop ; q. e, goat soup (literally, goat's juice with a sop,
bread) ; now supplanted by mutton-broth, the s?ieep
having, in the course of social refinement, replaced with
us the goat, whence wether is now used for a castrated
ram, and weer seems an original term for male^ in
gothick wair, weer, in latin vvr, the male of the kind
referred to ; virgregia caper ; the he-goat is the genitive
of his flock. Werwolf was a former term with us for
a manwolf, and wergeld, the penalty for killing a man.

^' Lo Troilus, men saine fill harde it is

" The wolf ful, and the wether whole to have ;

*' That is to saine, that men ful oft iwis

" Mote spendin parte the remnant for to save."C%aiw?^r.

To PALL out; to happen, to take place; toevaluit;
q. e, chance (accident) at an end ; and thus a certainty^
a thing that has taken place, in literal import it has not
such sense, nor ever can ; to fall is the dutch vallen
in the same import and has no inherent relation to chance.
Toeval, accident, chance ; uit, done with, at an end.
To fall out, to quarrel, «eems, fufael uit ; q, e. utters
to you a failing, tells to you your feult ; fael, failing,
fault; uit, the pres. of uiten, to let out, to utter; fu,
to you.

A WIGHT

(Isle op Wight) ; the dutch wight, wicht, which in
the first case seems, er w'heet ; q, e, there one who
speaks, there a being who has the gift of speech, and
ithus a human being, as distinguished from the beast to
vwhich.speeoh has not been allowed by the author of

NUR8XET KHTHXS. 163

both ; a nmght^ a child, boy, man, person, is a lately
disused term in that sense ; heet^ the third person pres.
of heeten^ hieten^ to speak, to call by name, to say, to
bid, is represented in sound and sense by our old hight^
to hight^ and to hete ; so that heet is, calls, speaks,
talks, names, and in a praeterite sense namedy called,
as the past part, of Tieeten, But when used in the
import of quick^ ninibley it is as, wie heet ; q. e, like
or as if said and done ; as spoken and off; in relation
to the time the mere utterance of the word takes up ;
and thus in the sense of our phrase no sooner said
than done, no interval, no delay between the saying and
doing of it ; and so the least of time, the shortest of
all periods, the type of celerity ; hence the french mte^
quick, and Vitesse^ quickness. Whits-hall, as the
building well known in our capital by that term, seems,
ivite (mcete) halle ; q, e, the palace of wisdom, science,
prudence, talent, knowledge, wit, which last term is
tlic same word with wit^ witey wet, wete, weete, intellect, .
knowledge, power of mind, sense, judgement, faculty;
TO WIT, let it it be published, made known, is the dutch
toe ivUe ;. q, e. let it be fully known, understood; lialle^
palace, court, also the place or building where the trades
(merchants) assemble to consult and advise together,
as well as a general market-place ; and white-hall^ is
as that, which is, was the hall of wisdom, as then or
former residence of the head of the government, and
in which he was to hold his councils, consultations, and
be attended by his advisers, Wisemen. IVie Isle of
Wight ; as the name by which that scarcely insulated,
narrow-severed district is called and known to us ; seems,
die yle of wheel ; q. e. he must be crazy who calls
this any distance, away, off; parted, indefinitely; he
must have something wrong in the head, who calls this
an insulated land ; he ftn't be in earnest who calls this
an Island ; and thus as the expression of a saxon visitor
who sees it for the first time from the main of England,
when the narrow straight that separates them is not visi-
ble; and whence adopted as it's name and since, like the

y3

164 1BCHJR>L06Y OF

main part of our language, made into a literal represen-^
tation of the sound sense of the phrase. Of^ off, from,
any distance ; from and off implying distance indefi-
nitely, are necessarily synonymous with any distance ;
ylCy third pars. pres. pot. of ylen, to wander in the
mind, to he crazy, insane ; to he ahsent in thought.
Heety calls, says, names, the third pers. pres. of heeten ;
ro\ foie, who. The roman name Vectis, given to that
spot by the then resident conquerors of our land, seems
merely the latinized metamorphose of Wight ; ght never
occurring as a syllable in the latin language, is represent-
ed by the ct of it ; the latin vectusy carried, is the dutch
wegty weghty moved, stirred, the past part, of roegen^
waegheny to stir, with which our to wag is a same word.
The above given source seems the true one of the term
voighty and that given in vol. 2. p. 21 8. 1. 26. of this Essay
a mistaken one.

•" And she could eke

" Wrastill by very force, and very might
•* With any yong man, were he nere so 'wicht
** There mightin nothing in her armis stonde,
" She kept ner maidined from every ^wight,
" To no man dained she to be ybounde."

Chaucer,

*' And eke there n' is no swallow swift ne swan
** So 3wi6HT of wing." Idem.

h

" This meaner %ights, of trust and credit bare,
" Not so respected could not look t* effect." Daniel,

** He was so ^wimble and so 'wight,

** From bough to bough he leaped light." Spencer.

" Her was her, while it was day-light,

** But now her is a most wretched wight,

" For day that was is %ightly past,

" And now at last the night does hast." Idem.

NinEUSSRY RSYMESr*

165

** And called her right as she ^hetb
** By name." Chaucer,

" Amo^st the rest a good old woman was,
" '''HiGiST mother Hubbard." Hubbard's tale,

" The city of the great king ®hight it well,
" Wherein eternal peace and happiness doth dwell.*''

Spencer,

1 Nimble. 2Human being, person. 3Quick, swift, nimble. 4Per-
sons. individual people. 4An obsolete term for nimble. ^Quickly,
soon. 6Was called, is called. ^Called. SNamed.

OBS. /«fe, is the dutch eyle^ of the same sound and
sense, so are the french tsU, and the Spanish isla, per-
haps also the itatian isola^ and latin insula ; isle seems
the substantive form of hijse^ the part. pres. of hijsen,
to cut off, to divide, and thence used m the sense of
tome^ volume, and also of flesh without bone, brawn ;
of which hysel ; q, e, a cutting from another part, land,
place, a division from the main part, continent, is the
substantive form. But the dutch eyy ey-land^ eyle^
eyUlandy in a same import seems founded in ey ; q, e,
egg ; and thus a part of a whole ; a separation from
entireness, and is the cause of our ancestorial utterance
of isle as yle. The Isle of Man, seems, de hysel hof
nCaen ; q, e, the island and a court (palace) alon^ with
it, and thus a place with it's owaor separate jurisdiction.

t-

LONG-HEADED ;

naturally considerate, contriving and consequently
guarding off, opposed to inconsiderate and adventurous,
seems lange heet dyd ; q, e. inclination speaks, the thing
is done ; good will, natural bent, applied to a purpose
is the best insurance for its success, at least without it
nothing can well succeed; lange^ the part. pres. of
Xangen^ to long for, to have a natural desire for ; heet

166 ARCHAOLoeT or

says, commands ; dijd, done. But heady in the direct
sense is the dutch Iiood, fboofd, which seems, hoed ; q,
e, placed at the top, put on high, uppermost ; the past
part, of ho-en, hoogen, to raise up, to heighten, also to
deepen ; and necessarily in reference to the object in
point. The head of the human being, is not only that
which is at the top, but also that which contains its pow-
ers of thought, its intelligence ; that which overlooks
and directs the rest ; in regard to the beast, it is as the
top and container of its instinct ; to that of the vegeta-
ble and inanimate matter, simply the top ; the head of
a turnip is the deepest, lowest part of it, the root, in the
second of the above senses. To make head, as to resist
or oppose is to compose, combine the powers or facul-
ties within it, and to make is as maecken, in the import
of to compose, to adjust, to adopt. To behead, seems
toe bij hood ; q. e, head at an end, on one side, off.
But head, as head of an ai*my, a government, seems,
heete, commanding, ordering and thus he or that which
disposes of it , and the word is spelt by Chaucer both
heed and hed. But again in the phrase, a head of
garlick, it seems, er lieete ; q, e. there the hot part,
that portion which burns the tongue ; and heete is then
the part. pres. of heeten, to heat, to inflame. In the
expressions head wind, head sea, it then appears as
heete, cogent, overruling, commanding, not to be op-
posed, irresistable ; from heeten, to rule over, to com-
mand. The disease is grown to such a head, come to
such a height, degree. ' Head quarters ; seems, heete
gewaarter's ; q e, command is kept there, this is the
place whence orders are issued.

; " This Palamon

*' Perpetual is damned to prison

" In cheines and in fett'ris ^to the deed;

" And Arcite is exilid ^on his heed

** For evirmore as out of that contre." Chaucer,

" When thei togithir mournid had full lang

" Quoth Creseide, fathir, I would nat be %ende."/c/<?w.

NtJRSBRT RHYMES. 167

iTill death, for life. 20n the penalty of his head, if he returned.
3Known, the dutch kend, gekend, the past part, of kennen, to know.

TO GUEas

(spelt by' Chaucer geBse) ; the dutch gissen^ ghissen^
Seemingly gij hisse'n ; q, e, (whispers speaks) to you
from within, inspires you from within, in relation to
your nature, to that which is inspired by cause of you ;
and whence else can a guess come ? hisse^ the pres.
tense of hissen^ to whisper, to tell within, and necessa-
rily in this sense as natural inspiration. To divine ;
to guess, to suppose ; also to foretell, predict ; seems,
toe dij wie hye inne ; q, e, that which makes a case
of trouble within you ; and thus a description of the
state of the mind in suspense, not able to come to any
sufficient conclusion as to forth-ooming events ; whence
also the latin divinare and the Italian indovinare, in a
same sense ; quidfuturura est non divino ; what is to
come is beyond my guess ; toe diJ, to thee ; wie, what,
that which ; ht/e, vexes, puzzles, teazes, troubles ; inne^
brings in, to within. A divine, a priest of the church
of Rome; the only one known to the heathen Saxon;
seems, er de wye inne ; q, e, in this case consecration
makes him what he is ; here the taking of holy orders
enders him one of the craft in question; wye^wije, the
part. pres. of wyen, wijen^ to consecrate, to make holy,
to inaugurate, to sanctify; inne, brings within, into
the state in point. Divinity.; as in the term The
Divinity, TJie God, The Supreme Being ; seems, die
wie inne niet hie ; q. e. the one who is past compre-
hension in our present state, he of whom we can form
no conception (have no idea, conceive within us) while
here (in this world). A doctor, as in, doctor of divi-
nity, law, physick, seems, er d^ ho achte hoore ; q, e,
there the one to whom high (utmost) attention is due,
in relation of course to those he teaches and has the
care of in the different departments of his employment^
hoore^ the pres pot. of hoorcn, to belong to. Hence

168 ARCBJBOLOGT Of

also the latin tenns Divinitas and doctor ; ex divinitate
animoa haustos habemua ; our souls are inhaled from
A source whence all comes, and thus like all else from a
to us hidden souree. A and o interchange. Niet hie^
not here ; see above at art. eternity, p. 20. Achte^
the part. pres. of achten, to respect, to attend to ; from
the above sources come also the various analogous terms
in various dialects. A divine beauty, is a heavenly,
celestial beauty, one beyoud the common standard of
humanity.

BE HANGS HIS FIDDLE «P WITH HIS HAT ;

"the complaint of the patient dependent of his arrogant
patron, «eems, hie hange's! hie' 8 vied hel op ; wis
hie' 8 at ; q, e. this is what it is to be a hanger-on ;
liere*8 discord ever rife; to be sure there are victuals for
it ; such is dependence ; strife and your living for it ;
«nd thus the life lead by the homeless poor one in
the house of the rich protector. The literal phrase is
nonsense ; but in its original form a sound truth.
Hie J here, in this case ; hange, hanging on, upon, by
depending on, the part. pres. of hangen^ to hang on;
hiey hier, here ; med, veed, veel, strife, feud ; hel, evi-
dent, clear; op, up, a head; wis^gewis, certainly, to be
«ure ; a/, o^/, eety food ; hie' 8, here is.

^* Mr. N. can be very agreeable when I am absent, and
'^ any where but at home ; I always say, he hangs his
•** FIDDLE UP WITH HIS HAT.— did you ever hear that
^' saying before,Mr. QrumeyT' Gilbert Gurney ; a novel,

TO SPLIT one's SIDES WITH LAUGHING;

a well known expression, in relation to some cause of
merriment; seems, toe spille hiete van 8yde'8 wijee
lafe hinge ; q. e. up to the point of detraction (within
the bounds of scandalizing another), show that any kind
of idle talk is permitted here ; omitting that wmch is

HVBSBET BHTMBS. 169

derogatory to tke neighbour^ let it be seea there is no
other restriction upon chattering, to anj sort of chit-
chat. To cosej in the sense of chit-chat between co-
vers or friends on their private concerns, seems the
dutch koosen to talk flatteringly together, to each other,
whence also the french causer^ in the same sense, to
BURST ONs's SIDES WITH LAuoHiNo; a nearly equiva*
lent expression with the above ; seems, toe berst van
$yde^s wifse lafe hinge; q. e, that which is wrong
aude (within the bounds of propriety) let it be seen
that it be h^?e chattered away without restraint, to
Dis WITH laughing; a well-known expression, tanta-
mount to each of the two foregoing; seems, toe d^hye
fopse Iqfe hinge ; q. e, up to that which gives pain
([within the mark of vexing another) let it be seen there
is no other obstacle to freedom of conversation (inter-
<X)mmumcation) among us. So that the sound sense of
the three above phrases are as licenses to cheerftil mer-
riment within the bounds of innocence, to the exclusion
of scandal and defamation ; but in literal form absur-
dities; who splits^ hursts or dies with laughing?
#pti^ Uie part. pres. of spillen, to detract from, to
oUminidi^ to waste ; hiete, the part pres of hieten^ to
fiay; toe^ excluded, up to the mark of; herst^ wrong,
defect, impropriety; d^hye^ the tormenting, vexing,
cauring to suffer, and sounds die ; w^se^ die pres. pot
of 9^ri;«^9^, to tihow, demonstrate; lafe. the part. pres.
of lafen^ ieffen, to gabUe, to chatter, to talk loosely;
Mnge, the pres. pot. of hingen^ hengen^ to permit, to
•admit of; «a» ^yde% k aside, from the side ; van and
9ffan sound one ; van^ from, away,

TO KILL

(by Chaucer to quell J ; the dutch quellen, kwellen^ to
overwhelm, to extinguish, to cause to disappear, as is
the case with that which is overflown, ana implying,
what was before to be seen is then no longer so ; to kill
€t many is to extinguish that state by which he was a

170 ARCHilOLOeT OF

iiian« to make him a corpse ; to kill a plant, is to extin-
gmak it as to vegetable life; to kill time, is to db no-
UiiBg, and so to extinguish it, for time only exists bjr
tiiat which is done in it; how else is it realized or
known to ns ? time agoing on, can only come to light
by what is either morally or practically carried on, and
thus the opportunity given by nature for action ; to kill
with kindness^ is to wbelm or overwhelm with kind-
ness ; to quell a riot, is to extinguish, put down, a riot.-
Quellen, queknen, to spring or burst out as water from-
its source does ; grounded m wellen, wMen, to burst
forth, to boil up, to throw up (in reference to water), to
revolve or roll up and down as a spring does, first up
and then turning down indefinitely ; iience onr well, as
a spring or source of water, there where water comes
in and is taken out of. QueUen seems geweUen, to
overwhelm, to put out of sight ; ge and qu transmute
with k; quid, (chaw), as in a quid t^ tchaeeo, a
chmv of tobacco, is the dutch kui^de, chewing, a chew«
ing, a chaw, the part. pres. of kuifden, to chew.
Johnson gives the anglo-saicon cwellan for the sourcer
of to kill, but l3iat is- the same word inaaister dialect,
and no etymology.

** Ye have brou^t us forth: into this wilderness to xiliL
^ this whoh assembly with hunger." Exod, xxi. 3.

** Try with oil, or barm of drink, so they be such things
^ as KILL not the bough." Bacon.

*^ C^tharticks of mercurials mix with all animal acids,
** as appears by killiitg it with spittle." Floyer,

-" Wbat cannot we put upon

*' His spungy followers who shall bear the guilt
*'Of our great *q»bll." Shakesp.

^*< What avails

KURSXRT RHTMS8. I7t

^' Valour or strength, though matchless, ^qusll'd with

pam,
'' Which all suhdues, and makes remiss the hands
**. Of the mightiest." Idem.

.<< WHSLM'n in deadly pain." Shakesp^

" %HELM some things over them, and keep them there."^

Mortimer^

1 Slaughter, killing, quelling. ^Extinguished, overwhelmed hj.
paiik. ^oTer^ spread ever, and so extinguish, put out of view»

A FLIRT '

a coquette, one who holds out fictitiously expectations-
she does not mean to fulfil to her dupes, one who endea-
vours to inspire a passion she does not mean to requite ;
a modified jilt ; seems, erfoole leert ; q. e, there de-
coying is taught; there deception is schooled; there-
making game of, fooling, is perfected, practically in-
stilled; foole^ the part. pres. oi foolen^ to deceive, to
attract attention without return,. to play the fool by
yourself or with another ; leeren, to learn, to teach, to
endoctrine ; foale leert sounds flirty as will be found
when, pronounced ; of the source of the dutchybo^
and our fool enough has been said under t)ie articles
ooosBERRY-FooL and FILTH in the two prior v(^umes of
this Essay. Flirt has no inherent restriction to sex,.
we say, a male flirty a male coquette. To flirty is to
pla^, to act playfully, to do foolishly, wantonly, without
senous intention. Foolhardy , is the dutch volherdir/hy
persevering, persisting, constant, inflexible, and^bo/is
there as the dutch volj vulj full, quite, entirely, and
herdiqhy hardy; and so is fool in the antiquated
fool'happy, quite lucky, entirely happy; a nappy
thought is a lucky thought ; though Johnson tells you
that these words are Mfool and hardy and happy y and
by this blunder is led into an erroneous explanation of
e meaning of those terms. Flirty as that which is

z3

th<

172 ABCHJB0L06T 07

d&ne plajftdly, that which is done without nnhdiieTOQ*
intuition, is the substantized past pait of the verb to
flktU To fool is the dutch /oofen as above ezplained
but a tenn now dis-used.

^'Scurvy knave, I ion none of his flirt ^Uls**

Shakesp,

** Several jonng flirts about the town." Addison.

** While the spread &n o'er shades your dosing eyes,
*^Then give one flirt and all the vision fiies^" Pope,

" Hence licence to play

** At the hedge a flirt,

" For a sheet or a shirt." Ben Johnson,

-** Dick the scavenger

" flirts from his cart the mud in **»«***'s face."

Swift.

A ninnt;

a simpleton, a dull weak-minded being, one too silly to
be made any thing of; seems, er nie inne h»je ; q, e.
all the pain tliatcan be taken never puts any thin^ into
that one; labour never ^ets any thing into that head ;
all pains axe lost there, it is all labour in vain there.
Nie J never ; inney third pers. pot. of innen^ to put in,
to go in, to in. Hije^ part. pres. of hijen^ to labour, to
work hard. The dutch words sound ninny. Ninny*
hammer ; one of the same sort as the above ninny ;
er nie inne hije am meer ; q. e. into that there the
tutor or master never works more than there was before,
and thus can do it or him no good, can be of no use to
such a being as that is. Am^ master, tutor, guardian,
provider ; aspirated sounds liam ; meer^ more, some-
thing besides, sounds meVj as formerly pronounced and
as the french do now. It is possible instead of am^ as ex-

KITRSSRT RHTMB6. ITS

plamed Aom,. borne might have been the original word^
and then the sense would that his home or Xamify
€culd make him learn nothing^ which woiild be a tant-
amount sense. Johnson says ninny is from the Span-
ish nino^ a child I !

** What a pied ninny is this f Shakesp,

^ The dean was so shabby and look'd like a bxnny.'*'

Swift,

** That has saved that dod-pated,. numskulled, ninny-
** HAMMBR of yonr's from ruin." ArhuthnoL

A. HAMMER

(spelt by Chaucer hamirj^: the well known tool, seems^
erham ye'r ; q. e.. there is working home there; this-
it is that drives home ; and we say to drive home a
naU in this sense; hi;e, working, labouring, forcing,,
driving, the part. pres. of hyen^ heyen^ to drive in a
stake or pile, to stamp or ram in as the paviour does'
with his rammer. Mam, hamme, heym^ home,. house ;
also enclosure, hedge, paling, whence heymen^ to en-
closer to pale in, to surround ; it is the iingte m and
the i in the old form of the term,, such a» 'nm- see it in
Chaucer, that is accounted for by the origiiMl spelling
of that which is now spelt hammsr. To heymen be-
long also ham, hamme^ meadow, place enclosed for
pasture and hay ; heym, ^eheim^ secret, enclosed, con-
fined so as not to be seen or heard, kept within ; heym^
hedge, enclosure ; hemel (in german himmelj^ heaven,
that which is hidden to human eye, beyond our ken ;
hemhd, a shirt, that which encloses the body ; our to
hem, as to border round or enclose by sowing the ob-
ject in point ; the dutch hem, him, the oblique case of
hij, he, as the one exclusively of any other ; to him,
is to that person exclusively ; to them, to those exclu-
sively of others ; the greek dti/2a, covering, vestment ; as

174 ARCHJB0L06T OF

well as our own tenn hymen^ ag the membrane enclosing
the vagina^ passage to the womb, in all females'
under Uie age of puberty; and the latin hymen as die
fabled or fictitious deity presiding at the bridal bed,
where every hnpediment is presume! to be removed by
the bridegroom ; for I take hymen to be as the dutch
heyme'n ; q. e. closing in, concealing within, con-
fining ; heyme^ the part. pres. of the above construed
hey men; 'n, in^ in^ within. In the term hammer^
cloth^ hammer^ seems as heyme'r^ covering there, en-
closing the object in point, which is the seat of the
driver of the carriage ; yellow-hammer as the bird so
called ; seems, ^e^/ loewe hey me' r ; q, e. yellow tinge,
dye, covers there ; a yellow hue, colour, encloses flie
object in question, viz. the bird, and which in fact is the
exterior character of that bird ; ffeely gheel^ yellow,
grounded in galy the organ productive in the human
8[>ecies of the colour in question ; leowCy lao^ tinge,
taint, tan, and so as made yellow, the hue produced oy
tan. From leowe^ as yellow tint, the dutch have their
leeum (lion), the germans their loeuwy in the sune
sense,, the latin its leo^ leonisy leone^ the italian its
leone^ the Spanish its leon, the firench its Ikfny and we
our lioHj lyon, as the animal characterized by its being
of a yellow ^ge, and so the one known by it ; /ulvi
leones, Aooa the above teyn^ we have our taints tint^
the frencnns teint, and the Spanish its tintOy colour,
dye, hue ; mno tinto in spamsh is coloured wine, at
op|)08ed to white wine. Our obsolete to tine^ to kin-
dle, to turn into flame, heat, fire, is as teynen^ td take
another colour from that which was there before, to that
change in flame or fire from the original colour of the
object meant ; hence also our tinder^ tynder^ which is
as teynd er, change there ; that which may, will be,
or is, changed by the sparks from the strikings of the
flint upon steel; teynd, the past. part, of teynen, to
change in regard to appearance or hue. From taenne^
tanne (tan) we have also our adjective term tawny y
as that which is of a yellowish hue.

KURSSRY RHYlfBS. 175

** For afi his broiiiirB hahIrs ronge

** Upon his anvelt up and downe

** Thereof he toke the first nowne** Chaucer.

^ With sere braunchis blossoms ungrene

** And newe fniict filled with wintir's tbite." Idem.

** Strifeful Atin in their stubborn mind
*•• Coals of contention and hot vengeance tih'd,"

Spenser,

."The clouds

" Justling or pu^'d with winds rude in their shock
" »TiME <he ^Aut light 'ning»" Milton.

^* Was seen to tins the cloven wood." Dry den..

*^ Eden stain'd with blood of many a band
^ Oi Soots and English both, that ^ired on his strand."

Spenser.

^Kindle, take another cobur, cause to change in regard to their
prior state. 2Rotted, took another appearance, changed from a
4ound state or colour to t&at t>f rottenness, corruption.

OBS. The dutch ^eel leowe^ as above ^k^^nMsdy ^^^
Italian giallOy the &ench jaune^ fonneily^Mhitfi and
our yellow are a same word. Jaune chanflM from
geel wadgiallo as aune in the same language ooes from
the latin ulnus and our ell, with both which it is a same
word ; from Jaune the french have their jaunisse^
whence gut Jaundice in the same sense, viz. yellowness.

A tSULt 5

one easily deceived, one that swallows or believes all
that is said ; seemingly as the dutch guile ; q. e. swal-
lowing, taking in, all that is said to him ; the part, preri.
of guilen, to devour, to swallow intemperately ; wheiice
the Iktin guiosus^ gluttonness ; gul(n^ throat, the italian

176 iJBCHiBOLOGT tXT

:gola (throat), that by whicli food is devoiued or swal-
iowed ; aod also our term ^ull^ the l)iid which devours
^shes of all sorts, as well as their spawn ; likewise the
dutch gulpen^ to swallow, to gulp down, and our
^ulph^ whirlpool, that which sucks in and swallows
ships and all that comes near it^ so that a gull is as
van indiscriminate swallower of anything that is said, of
anything that comes in the way. But cull^ as a sim-
pleton in refifard to love afiairs; seems kid; q. e.
mem^um vtrUe ; and thus one influenced by it, the
•dupe of it ; whence the french cullion^ italian cqglione^
Spanish cq^one and omxcuII^ ; which are indeed a same
^oid.

AMAZS, TO amaze;

ia puzde, to puzEle; astonishment, to astound; a start,
to startle ; seems, er m' yse {yaen/ ; q. e, here with
astonishment^ to astonish ; in this case the mind is
confused, puzzled, at a loss ; to confound, to puzzle,
to bewilder, to perplex, to alarm. Er m\ er mecy
mede^ tliereby^ therewith; yse^ eyse^ alarm, firight^
astonishment, terror, of which ysen^ eysen^ is the
verb ; evidei^ly ^rounded in yse^ ice, freezmg in action;
we say t he f^k xid froze in my veinsy to express a state
of hofU|||Atorise, to the amount of vital stagnation.
As ^^<^^HK numb witih cold. £r m' yse sounds

^* Others were so masis in their minde,
** All wales were good for them, both est and west.*'

Chattcer.

'^* All this was but A mase

^* Fortune his love intended but ^to glase." Idem,

^ I ne set not a strawe for thy dremings,

** For ^swevins ben but vanities and ^japes ;

^* Men ^elin al day oidis and apes

** And eke of many A mase ther' withal,

''^ And dremin of wing that never was ne shall.'' Idem.

NURSERY RHYMES, 177

-^' Into this MASE we went,

" And toke our waies eche aftir our intent,

" Some went inward and 'went they had got out

*VSome stond in the mid and lokid all about.'* Idem.

" To walk about the mase incertainte

" As a heedless woman that nothing bought." Idem.

*' And she for wonder toke no kepe,

** Ne herdin she what thing to her he saide,

*'*' She fared as she had stert out of a slepe,

** Till she out of her masidness ^abraide." Idem.

iTo gloss over, to palliate, to brighten, tke dutch gleysen, gleyssen^
to give lustre to, to make appear bright. 2Fancie8, vagaries, the
dutch sweyve'Hy sweve^n, wanderings within ; connected with stiffen^
to wander in the mind. 3Apprehensions, and seems as the dutch
J0 hnppes; q. e, any happenings, events that may or may not take
place ; je, any, happes, what comes uppermost, the part. pres. of
happen, to happen, to take place. Conceive in the mind, fancy,
and seems as met in ; q, e. measures within, combines in the mind,
takes measures within self concerning the object in view ; met, the
pres. tense of meten, to measure, to modify, to adjust, to compute ;
in, within. ^Disturbs, discomposes, the pres. tense of rouwen,
to disquiet. ^Awakened ; grounded in hreeden, breyden, to stretch,
to set the arms abroad, as is done when awakening from sound sleep.
Joperies is often used by Chaucer iu the sense of fooleries, idle talk*
ings ; and Japer as an idle talker, jester, one who wm% anything that
comes uppermost in his head ; each of which ten^BMms from the
above given source. ^Imagined, fancied, the di4^^Hj|^ ^^^ prset.
of waenen, to imagine, to be of an opinion, to ^Hff^^^i^x^va.,

A dolly; a cant expression for an uncNuK woman ;
seems as er dole hie; q. e. there going astray ; this is
a case of straying from the path of female virtue, chas-
tity. A DOLL as the child's play thing in the shape of
a dressed human figure, seems to be the er d*holle ; q.
e. there that which engrosses the attention, there that
which runs away with the mind of the child in point ;
its delight ; holle^ the part. pres. of hollen^ to run away
with, to bewilder (upset), make mad ; doleriy to stray.

SON;

the dutch sone^ zoon ; with us has the sense of a male,

2a

178 ARCHiEOLOGT 01*

in special relation to the parent, and also that of one of
either sex of the human race in general, and its plural,
that of all mankind ; in german sohn^ in anglo saxon
suna. In specialty the term seems, as so ho'n ; q. e.
when grown up of use to the parent, an income to his
parents, in relation to his capability of providing for
them in their decay as compared with that of a daughter,
in whom such capacity is less inherent by constitution,
setting aside her natural destination of becoming a wile
and mother, which in her sex implies more decided
separation of duty and service than in th« case of a son.
As one of the human race, the word seems so'n ; q, e,
thus come amongst, in this way produced, come into
existence, one amongst the rest ; so^ thus, then, so ; '«,
in, into, amongst, a part or one of; ?io (grown up, of
full heigth) of the first term being omitted. Sons and
daugliiers, males and females. The Son of God, the one
to whom the Creator has given existence among the
rest. The Sons of Adam, those who owe their exist-
tence to Adam, his decendants of either sex, the human
kind. So7is of the earth, sons ofman^ sons of light y
are those brought into, amongst, upon, light, manlund,
the world. The sons of pride, those made what they
are, or think tflbemselves to be, by pride. Sons of earthy
is used metaj^orically by the "^o^X^AihA productions of
the eai'th, jpLc^iding vegetable hfe ; and thus trees of the
forest. DxMhoYER, the dutch dochter, german tochter,
is refurred^lmt i;ot unhesitatingly, by JBilderdijk to the
antiquated term dochte, uterus, which in that case would
apply the term to females in a general sense, without
regard to the parent. To me, 1 own, the term seems,
d'ho achteW ; q, e, the utmost observance ihere, in
this case there is the highest pitch of regard, attention
to, care for; in reference to the rule or law of nature;
and who, in a general sense, will say, but that, respec-
tively to a son, this is not the case with a daughter ;
minute and home attention is the nature of the daughter^
who seldom quits her parents till marriage, while the
son i^om sexual avocations can hardly ever be with them.

NUR»SBY RHTMBS. 179

The means of becoming a mother does not mark the
daughter but the female, Ho^ high, utmost stretch ;
V, er^ there ; achte, observance, respect.

•Britain then

'* Sees arts her savage sons controul." Tope,

" If thou be the son of God come down." Matthew.

' Earth's tall sons, the cedar, oak, and pine ;
^' Their parent's undecaying strength declare."-Bi!ac^w-

" The man of clay, son of desjpite,^* Milton.

" Our imperfections prompt our corruption, and loudly
" tell us we are sons of earth,'' Brown's vul. err,

OBS. It is possible that instead of the above given
source for daughter y it may be as dJhowm achte'r ; q, e,
fidelity is the statute there, truth to all she may natural-
ly or lawfully belong to is the edict of her nature, and
thus in reference to parent and future ties. But I think
the first the true source. In either case the sense is
nearly the same; d'houw, the true one, the faithful
one. The word was formerly spelt by us doughtir^ in
the plural doughlrin.

** The toure, there this Theseus is throwe, ^

*' Down in the bottom derke, and wonder lowe,.

" Was joining to the wal of a ^foreine

'* That longing was unto the doughtrin tweine

*' Of Minos, whiche that in ther chambris grete

" Dweltin aoove toward the maisterstrete

'* Of thilke towne, in joy and in solaas

" W wot nat I howe, it happinid per caas

** As Theseus complainid him by night,

•' The kinge's doughtir, that Aiiadne bight,

'* And eke her sustir Phoedra herdin al." Clumcer,

1 1 take to be the gallery or platform within the parapet that goes
round the Jlat or roof of a fortress, palace or castle, in hot climates,"

2 A3

180 AECH^OLOGT OF

TRUANT ;

the dutch trouwant^ truwant ; q. e. a trastless forsaker
of his duty f'lut/ trouwant idle vagabond) seems as
trouwe, fidelity, and want^ deficiency, want, absence,
not having ; but trouwant has also the import oi guards
one who attends to assist and defend a public authority,
and is then as the essence or best of that which has
been winnowed, freed from it's bad mixture, and thus
choice^ and as trouw, fidelity, and rvanntyfoant^ the
past part, oiwanneriy to sift, to screen, to winnow, and
thus the best portion ; in german trabant, foot-guards,
foot life-guards ; hence our term train-hands^ a city
guard ? To derive it from train and band is absurd-
Toplay truant y is to act the part of imtrustiness, of a
faithless person, to shirk that which one is entrusted to do.

*^ Till he some other crafte can leme

" Through which withouten truanding

" He may in trouth have his living." Chaucer.

" Tis double wrong to truant with your bed,

" And let her read it in ^y looks at board." Shakesp,

•' Though myself have been an idle truant." Idem,

" To lag behind with truant pace." Dryden.

Take hxart, take courage, show your spirit, dont let

and which serves as a promenade for females in the cool of the
evening ; and to be as voye rejjn, the outer contour of a great
building, church, castle, &c. in united sound foreine, Mr. Urry,
one of the expounders of Chaucer, thinks it means a necessary, jakes,
house of office, and thus the house qf office of the sisters Ariadne
and Phcedra, by means of which they carried on the intrigue that
ended with the fatal elopement of the former with the ruffian object
of her compassion. An intrigue carried on through the hole of a
TieceMarj^ is hardly consistent with the 6pic dignity of the poem in point.
A mere guess, to which he was helped by Skynner. Fand/ a
same letter. Fbye, the circumference of a public or great building ;
reyfif reen, extremity, outside.

NURSERY RHYMES. 181

it appear you have none; seems, teelc herte ; q, e. show
spirit, warmth, life, heart; dont be down cast; teek^
teeckf the imperative of teecken^ teekeriy to token, to
show, to give signs of; hert^ hearty as the seat of life,
warmth, spirit; grounded in ka-en^ to bum, to fire,
see V, I. p. 215. ch and k were originally a same sound,
and so were c and k, hence it's pronunciation in candle,
can, Sfc, But h is the natural representer of warmth,
heat, from the effect of continued issue of the breath
produced in pronouncing it ? and when the hand is
numbed with cold do we not see the person to whom it
belongs instinctively restore it to life and use by repeat-
edly breathing on it ? Sparrow-hawk (formerly sper-
haukej ; a small kind of hawk so called, in which
sparrow seems the corruption of the dutch sparwer,
sperwer, sperwaen^ sporwaen, spoorwaer^ in the sense
of the bird intended by our term, in which hawk seems
casually pleonastick ; what relation can sparrow in
any sense have to hawk ? The dutch terms for that
bird are sparre, sperlinke. To hoax, to deceive, to
cheat, to take in, seems toe hoeck's ; q. e. the hook is
ready baited, the snare (trap) is quite ready (prepared
for use); toe, up to, ready; ^o^^A;, hook; ahoax,er
hoeck^s: q, e, there the hook, trap, snare, and thus a
cheat, deception. Johnson has not the word, though a
usual one m society. It is in Maunder's Dictionary
where etymologies are not within the scope of the work.

" The gentle Faucon, that with his fete distreineth
'^ The kyng*is hand, the hardie sperhauke eke
" The QuaTis foe." Chaucer.

" The Sparrow Venus son, the Nightingale

*' That clepith forthe the fireshe levis newe.*' Idem.

TO turn over a new leaf;
to change or desert the former object of assumed affec-

182 ARCHiBOLOOY OT

tion (passion, love) suddenly (unexpectedly) ; toe torn
hoeoe'r er nieuw lief; q, e. passion foifthe object at
an end,^ a new one is necessary ; ardour for the pursuit
in point being over, a new one is tunied to ; the fire for
the first object of love being extinct, another kindles
itself; and thus implying a selfish private-motived in-
constancy in regard to attachment to the party or dupe
of dissimulation, either in relation to the object of a
pretended devotion, or* to the partisans of conjointly
professed politics. Toe, over, done for ; tcrrny toreriy
passion, fury, ardour, blustering display of love ; nievw,
nuwe, nu, new ; lie/, lijf, love, dear one, object of the
heart. From torn (in german zorn), is Ibnned the
verb torn en, to be in a rage, to be on fire, in a fury.
Hoeve'r (there must be, there is wanted, the pres. pot.
of hoeven, to behove) sounds over, when unaspirated ;
>, er, there. The expression is familiar and supposed
to have been suggested by the actual turning over to
another leaf of the book ; but what can that have to do
with the apostate of either love or politics ? To turn
over the leaf of the book is to go on reading it, and is
what every one must do or lay it aside; but the above
phrase ever implies interested instability disgracefully
evinced.

tongub-tied;

sulkily speechless ; seems, toe geen fhyd ; q. e, teazed
to nothing ; bothered till you are as nobody ; and con-
sequently speechless. Gene, geen, no one, nobody,
null ; /', te, to, up to, till ; liyd, gehyd, the past part,
of hyen, to molest, teaze, torment, bother. Toe gene,
sounds tongue t see v. 2. p. 238. Hold your tongue,
seems, ?iold uw er toe gene ; give up to this person ;
show your respect to him , give way to him ; cede to
him in dispute. Hold, the imperative of holden, hidden,
to do homage to, to show respect to, to give she suffrage
to,toyieldupto;^^£'w,thisone,theonehere,thepersonin
point; in literal form the original is absurd. To hold

MURSBRT RHYMES. 183

a 4:ottrty seems, toe holde er koert ; q, e, thU is the
court to do homage at, a manor-court, and also, hy
analogy, that held by those who have taken upon them-
selves to do so ; holde, the part. pres. of the abov€
holden ; koert, court, with wbieh our and the french
court y the Spanish and italian corte are a same word;
hence koertoys, courteous, koertoisie, courtesy Koert-
ufoen, courtier, whence the Spanish cortesano, the
french courtisan, and italian cortegiano seems as
hoert'hie saen ; q, e, here the cream of court, here
the flower of the court; but koertisaene, courtesan,
a female of easy virtue, one that is soon had, seems,
koert hie saen ; q, e- here love is made at once ; here's
no difficulty in making love ; what is elsewhere sighed
for is here soon had ; m the first case koert, is court ;
and saen, cream, flower of the milk ; in the second
koert is the past part, of koeren, to sigh to, to coo to,
to make love to, to attend to, to court, and saen, soon,
quickly, at once, immediately ; and in reality the source
of koert, the sovereign's court.

▲ CROWN ;

kroone (with which the german kron^ our own term, the
latin corona and french couronne are a same word, and
so is, in my mind, the dutch kruijne, the top of the head,
also the shaved pait of the head of the catholick priest) ;
seems, er keere hoe'n ; q, e. there high part turns in-
wards ; there the top turns to within, and thus an in-
flected or connivently rounded summit, and analogically
the top, highest of all, chief; the metathesis of keere
would DC kree, and kree ho^n, as well as the above phrase
sounds kron, kroon^ crown, formerly coroune ; hoe, the
part. pres. of ho-en, hoogen, and thus eoing on higher.
The latin vertex, in the sense of top, also crown of the
head, is from vertere, to turn round. The u and o in-
terchange without end, kreunen, kroenen, kronen^
groonen, and our io groan are one word. Water^gruel^
as that which is giv€9i to the siok, to the invalid; seems^

184 ARCHiEOLOGY Of

wat er gij ruwe^ heele ; q, e, something there to quiet

you, cure you quite ; there is that which will relieve

you ; and thus the nurses coaxing to the sick one to

make him swallow what she thinks will do good ; waty

something ; ^y, thee, you ; roeuwen^ routeen^ ruwen^

to compose, quiet ; heelen^ to heal, to cure ; where we

see the reu^ ou, become u. The term has nothing to

do with rvater, but merely implies some suitable prepa-

^ration for the invalid. ITie crown of tfce head^ is the

-top of the head ; the crown of England^ is the chief

of the english people; the. chief of its natives; a

.Icing's crown, is that which goes above or over his

head ; crown-glass ^ is top or best glassy crown-paper ^

the best, top, of its sort ; a crown^work, is a work at

•the top of a hill or land which is meant to be fortified,

strengthened, for defence; the crown of content, is

the utmost, sunmiit, as to peace of mind ; all that our

.nature allows of; to crown with glory., is to place at

the summit of glory ; finis coronal opus, the intention

is turned out, shown by what is done, makes us aware

whether it was done with a good or a bad intent ; ad

hunc finem, for this purpose, intent. And I suspect,

it is from the metathesis of keeren, kerien, to turn into,

<to convert, to turn from what it was, that the latin has

its creare, to create, that is to turn from what was not

into that which is, either morally or physically^ to turn

what is known nothing of by us, into that which we

know of, and also analogically to make one thing out of

another, to change that which is one thing into something

different; creator mundi, the maker of the universe,

the doer of that which the means (^ doing are beyond

the reaeh of our conception.

**Le mot hebreu qu'on a traduit par 0K&e^,fa4re
** quelqtie chose de rien^ signifie ^luioty/aire produire
" qtceiqtie chose avec magnificence. Rivet pretend
** m^me que ce mot hebreu bara, ni le mot grec qui
lui repond, ni mi^me le mot latin creare, ne peuvent
se restreindre a cette signification particuliere depro-

it

SURSSBT IffiTlfSS. ISS

^' duire quelque ehose de rien,'' Rouleau. Is 4#
dutch baeren (to bare, to bear J as to bring to ligMi
to make known that which was previously unknown
to any of us, and, in as lar as relates to us, to ereck^^
produce^ brin^ to l^ht, a same word f

^^ Her bright here was kempt and intressid all ;

*' A CBOWN oi green oke cerriall (the holm^r c§Tn^^J

*^ Upon her hede was set full faire and mete." Chauofir*

^^ This aungel had of rose and lillye

*^ CROUNis two, the which he bare in honde." Idem.

" For thei ben men of holi cherch,

" Drateith of theto* no fefo^e ;

*'Savith r%ht ^efe tfife cdndu^tf (pnm^ ioHitM

hea^^oii^.^
" And doith thefti no haWaeK.*^' /<fe»r.

"Prom toe to cr6wn he'H fill our skinr with pinches-/*

SmKeip.

** Upctothe CROWi^ of the cliff, wiat fliing was that?'

Ideifi^.

" If thou be a king where is tliy grown ?

<< My CROWN is in my heart, not on my head,

'^ My CROWN is called content;

*^ A CROWN it is that seldom kings eii^y." Idem.'

BOSOM ;

the same word with boeiefn, and grounded in the the-
ma bo-eUy to enclose, to contain, to hold within ; the
source of an endless race of terms. A man's bosom,
is that which contains his heart, his vital parts ; and is
thus the seat of his life ; of his afifections. In the
bosom- of his family, in the hearts, afifections of his
family, of those he loves and who love him, a parent in
the midst of his children. A sea bosom, is where sea-

2b

186 AiElCHJEOLOGT Of

Water is held, let in, enclosed The tdsom of a thirty
is the closing part of a shirt ; the place^ where it shuts
in, up. m4 bosom friend^ is the &iend of the heart, the
affections, one confided in as self. A hosoni thief, is
one that destroys covertly the inward feelings, robs
the heart of inward peace, destroys happiness.

** Those domestick traitors B0S0M-^^i^6^,
^*^ Whom custom has call'd wives, the readiest helps
" To betray the heady husbands, and rob the easy."

Ben. Johnson.

cufiD;

concreted, coagulated milk, or any fluid liable to such
change; seems the dutch Jceerd ; q. e. turned, con*-
verted, &om a prior consistence, the past part, of
Jceeren^ to turn, to convert, to change from one state
into another ; hence to curdle^ to thicken, to consoli-
date, by a common metathesis or transposition of letter,
to crttdle ; our curl, is the dutch krul, korl ; tree, the
dutch tere; tread, the dutch terd^ tred; Sfc. The milk
is turned, is a usual expression, but I suspect turned
is then the travesty of taend, gone off, disappeared,
from the state of milk, eclipsed, not to be seen any
more as milk.

'^ Milk is such a compound of cream, curds, and whey,
'' as it is easily turned and dissolved.^* Bacon,

"Maiden, does it curd the blood,
'* To say I am thy mother." Shakesp.

•" I felt my crudled blood

"Congeal with fear, my hair with horror stood."

Dryden.

"The Gelons use it when, for drink and food,
" They mix their crudled milk with horse's blood."

Idem.

KURSSBY RHYiqSS. 187

A DEED ;

the dutch daed; q, e, dJi act and consequently proof,
signification, pf intention ; a practical evincing of what
was purposed to be done ; seems as er diede ; q. e,
there the signifying, denoting, meaning expressed; a
mavUs deedsj aie the proofs of his intention, the acts
of his meditation, the execution of his purposes ; we
judge men's intentions by their acts ; this is my a>ct
and deed, this is what I do and what I intended, the
practical proof of my intention ; a deed of conveyance,
IS a signification in practice of the giving over the ob-
ject in view ; indeed I will do it, to do it is what I
intend, mean ; indeed is that so ? is that the denoting
or signifying of its being so ? Diede, duijde, the part
pres. of dieden, duijden, to signify, to denote, and ne-
cessarily implying some act to show or mark it by, else
it is nothing; some sign, mark, act must pass before in-
tention is known, either word of mouth, writing, or act.
A deed, in any way the term is used, evidently implies
intention in practice, purpose in action. An overt act,
refers to previous purpose,

^* Speaking in deeds and deedless in his tongue.*'

Shakespeare,

From lowest place when virtuous things proceed
The place is dignified by the doer's deed." Idem,

A miller's thumb ;

the well known tiny fish with a disproportionately large
mouth ; seems, er muf^l ley *r's fom ; q, e, in this case
the mouth is a passage all round ; here the mouth goes
quite round ; and thus, a mouth as wide as the head ox
body, which is the characteristick of this sort of min-
now-fish. Minnow, as a prickly fish, seems, er m'in
houwe : by this a puncture is made ; if you touch it, it
will prick you. M\ mei, mede, herewith ; houwcy

2b3

168 L^tnAohO^ ov

puncture, wound, prick. Johnson derives it from the
nrench menue^ smiJl !

^* Hear you this Triton of the minnows V* Shakesp.

TO PLAY ^T BATTLEDOOR AND SHITTLECOCK ;

teems, toe plei het heytel d'hoore^ hand schiet fel
go^ oock : q. e. to peiibrm this the bat (raquette) is
Vi^atiswhat is wanted, then (at once) strike towards
ffome point or other, your companion does the same ;
to play this take a raauette, shoot off at once tp any-
where, and your playfellow riStumsf it to you ; without
reference to the object struck or sent off, probably in
those days a ball, for which the feathered cork is now a
substitutie. PUh , the contracted part. pres. of pUegeUy
to do, to perform, to play ; het^ it, this ; hdnd^ hcLmUy
at once, or else as the one baud ; $chiet, shoot off, s^nd
off with force ctod rapidity; fel^ to any where from
you; ga^^gade^ mate, playfellow; oock^ the like, alsp.
SattledooT and shittlecock, are the productions of the
letter-sound sense of this phrase, and exist in uo other
way (sense, pr language.) Johnson says, hattledoor is
as door in the sense of a JtaUhoard^ and battle^ stri*
king; skittle^ as the weaver's shuttle^ and cock^ the
current utterance of cork ! Gae oockj sotmds cocjc^ p^
g^ ky being intermutating sounds.

^^ You need not discharge a canon to break the chain of
"his thoughts; the pat of a srittlecock, or the
*' cracking of a jack will do his, business:" Collier.

*' Play^things, which are above their skill, as tops, gi^^,
^' BATTLEDOORS, and the like, which, are to be lisea with
*^' labour, should indefed be procured them.'' Locke.

A SWEET-BREAD ; scc V, 2 z>. 215 of thts Essay ; but
i think that which follows nere the true source; Er
sie^ uw hiety hereed; g. e. Jthete see, you. order it, it is

HURSEBT RHYMBS. 189

ready ; in reference to its being of its nature an article
thai requires no skill or time to prepare for the table.
TO tilt; to run a lance mutually at each other; seems,
telden ; q, e, to ride solemnly and formally towards, t6
charge on a duly trained horse, equiis tolutarius ; and
is the verb of telde, telle, b: trained war-horse ; evidently
connected with tilleny to move on, to raise up, to tip-
lift, whence our term tilt, a tent, raised covering, lis m
the tilt of a cart or waggon, in dutch telde, telte ; to
tilt, to turn up, the boat tilted over f upset jl ; hence
also the latin tollere, to lift up, take away. ^ tilt, as
the import of a tournament, is the past part, of the
above telten,

** In TILTS and tournaments the valiant strove

** By glorious deeds to purchase Emma's love.'* Prtor^

'* Now horrid slaughter reign'd

*• Sons against fethers tilt the fatal lance." Phil^s.

'' Swords out and tilting one at other's breasts
** In opposition bloody." Shakesp,

low-cunking; selfishness ; I take to be louw hunne
ifine; q. e, the insensible know how to pocket and
cram; the most cold and unfeeling one can stuff his
own purse and gut ; the cold hearted one does not lose
the appetite for hoarding and food when the opportu-
nity offers, and thus expressive of the lowest mark of
09Qral feeling ; Iquw, laurvi, lukewarm, activity withm
the bounds of self, and the narrowest in human nature ;
kunnief the pres. pot. of kunnen^, Jtonnen, to be able^
j^se; inne^ the part. pres. of ihnen, to piit in, to take
within, low-minded, of degraded f<^ding, seems,
ioufv vCeen dijde ; q, ^. the unfeeling^ one gets on well
enough with self; indifierence. in this case does not
ihclude self; and thus aft the opposite nature to that of
fHarm-hearted, who thinks of all wants exdept personal
4m^; ed/3.,one, nlimbef one; self; dyde^ the pres. pot. of

190 ARCHEOLOGY OP

dijden^ to thrive to prosper. Louwhertigh of a cool, vor
sensible disposition, whsy; as the fluid essence of
milk, is the dutch wey fhuy, hoyj^ in the same sense,
and as wei, hui, the aspirated a-e^ e, the contraction of
€hing, flowing, fluid, grounded in a, water, air, fluid,
as has been sdready exemplified in these pages. Het
ftei fhet hut) van't bloedy is the serum or watery
basis of blood.

*^ Milk is nothing but blood turned white, by being di-
■** hited by a greater quantity of serum, or whey in the
" glandules of the breast." Sarvey^

•**I'll make you feed on curds and whky," Shakesp,

Wheywfaced^ seems reee vest; q. e, fixed woe, inherent
sorrow, expressed by the appearance of the one in
point.; roee, grief ^ vest^ fest, fixed; v and j^ convertible
letters.

-'' Those linen cheeks of thine

Are counsellors to fear. Wbat,soldiers, whey-faced f*

Shakesp,

SUN ; the dutch son, Sonne, in soth. sunno, in ang,
. sunna ; suggested by Bilderdijk to be the cotitrac-
tion of so-vng (soeting) ; q, e, softening, soothing^
sweetning, mollifying, enlivening, and thus as the
^awakener of dormant life, the bnnger of all endowed
with life into the state intended by nature. In this
sense the greek has zoe, as life, to swear ; the dutch
smeeren in the same sense, formed according to Bil-
derjdijk from the antiquated sweer, oath ; but grounded
in he-weeren, to affirm, to assert, to make safe, to guard.
SAUSAGE, the dutch sauci^s, the french saucisse^
and the latinized ^a/!9m2^979, from salsus, salted; and
sauce, as condiment to food, the french sauce, the
dutch saus, is the same word with the german saltse,
from «a/;2;, salt, in dutch zoutysout, with us «a/^, in

UtRSBRY RHTMES* 191

ital. sale, in fr. sel^ and in lat. sal, which is in fact the
ffeneral condiment of all human food, silver, the
Qutch^u^r, in ang. sax. silufer, according to Bilder-
dijk, as well as sulphur, grounded in si-en, in the sense
of suweren, to purify, to sever from, the one being as the
purified material and the other the means of purifying
or purifyer, and siher is uSed metaphorically as the
type of whiteness, freedom from stain or mixture;
purity J, we say poetically, behold the sihYETL-moonl

"Old Salisbury shame to thy siLVER-Aair." Skakesp.

" Others on siLYnn-lakes and rivers bath'd." Milton,

" How siLVER-«?»^^^ sound lovers tongues by night."

Skakesp,

TO DANCE A MINUET;

a few years since a requisite accomplishment for the
young, but now in disuse ; seems,/^ d'hanse ermHn u
Met; q, e. one of the company calls to you to share
the performance with him; the man asks you to* come
out into the proper place with him ; in reference to that
which is the purpose of being there viz, dancing. Toe,
to, to the person, the one in point. M\ me%, mede,
together with, with. In, to within, from the side, to
the part within the rest of the room or place in question.
U, you. Hiet, the third pers. pres. of hieten, to Qame,
to call by name, to nominate, to appoint, to call upon.
D*hanse, the man, one of the company, but always in
reference to one of the male sex; the fellow; but
hanse has also the import of society, company ; de
hanse-steden, are the hanse* towns, the hanseatic states
(the confederate cities).

-" John has the assurance to set up for a minuet dancer."

Spectator,

to dance. the hay;
a dance performed by persons skipping or twirling ra-

192 ARCHiEOLOGT OF

pidly round, in a sort of ring or chain, made by each
taking the right and left hand of his neighbour by
his own; seems, toe cPhanse fkpe heye; q. e*
to the whole set, along with moving fast, panting comes
on ; along with running or jumping about, gasping for
breath at length begins, and thus a description of the
kind and effect of this dance. Formerly danced itt
villages round the maypole. D'hanse, the set jpre-
sent, the company. Tlhijey the part. pres. of Jmen^
hyeuy to keep running ; t\ tCy too, to6 much ; heye\
gasping for breath, heye^ being the part. pres. o^ h^en^
hepetiy hygheriy to pant, to gasp, to wheeze. Jobnsoft
thought the dance was so named from being performed
round a hay-cock I T'hife sounds the in oiu* dialect
of the dutch. According to Bailey, this dance was also
termed in some places haydigines^ which seems, heye
dij gijue's ; q, e. hard exercise causes gasping to you ;
this kind of work makes you open wide your mouth.
Gyne^ the part. pres. of gijnen, gienen, to gape, to
open the mouth wide, as is done when we breathe
hard.

" I will play on the tabor to the worthies
*' And let them all dance the hat." Shakesp.

NUMB ;

sense of touching taken away, gone, lost, lifelegs;
seems the dutch nom ; q, e. taken away, lost, use of it
gone; dead in reference to that which is designated by
the context with which the term is used. My hand is
numb, nay hand is lost to me, the use of it is gone,
dead. B^is feelings are numb, his feelings are taken
away, deadened. Nom, genomen, benomen, the past
participle of nemen, to take away, to nim (our ai^ti-
quated verb for to take) ; and thus as taken away, the
use of the part lost ; gone at the time spoken of. Nom^
nomme, nomen, nommen, occur frequently in Chau-
cer's works as the praeterite form of our then used to

MtJRSSR^ RHTMSS. 193

nim, to name, in the import of to take; seev, 2. p. 190.
/. 20 of this Eesay. The h in numhy as well as in
plumby crumb, dumb, is parergical and never sounded.
In name, nemen, nim, nom, numb (all modifications
of a same verb) we see the exemplifications .of ihiejlve
vowels, A numskull, one who has nothing to say, a
stupid senseless being; seems, er nom's kail; q* e. in
him conversational intercourse is torpid, he is one who
has little to say, and thus a dull or stupifjing one.
Kallen, to call to, to speak to, to chat with, to address ;
to call at a house, is to speak to the family, at least to
the one that opens the door. Kal, kail, conversation,
chat, talk. The dutch name, nasme, name, and naem-
en, noemen, to name, belong here. Nimble, seems,
nimfnimb, numb) el; q. e, numbing quite gone, lost; use
quite restored ; numbness off, elsewhere. El, elsewhere,
away, inferring consequently activity restored ; a nimble
fellow, is an active, quick fellow. Nim, the part. pres.
of the antiquated to nim. The thema of k<ill, kallen,
fto call, to talk) is ka, caw, cawing, whence kae, kauwe,
Kaade, jack-daw; as the cawing bird, the bird that
gives out the sound ka ; and thus an onomatopy of sound
proceeding from that which is a notice (attraction to
notice or attention).

*' Like a stony statue cold and numb." Shakes^.

." And did give himself

^^ All thin and naked to the numb cold night." Shakesp.

" Hocus has saved that clod-pated, numbskull'd ninny
*' hammer of your's firom ruin and all his &mily."

Arbuthnot.

** Most legs can nimbly run though some be lame."

Dames,

ARRANT ;

as in the expressions arrant rascal, arrant villain, Sfc. ;

2c

194 ABCSiBOIi06T OP

evidently the duteh arrent ; q. e. provoking, vexati-
ouSy angry-iuaklDg ; the part pres. of the obsolete veib
arren^ to anger, to exaspcosite, still suririving in Kiliaan*s
dictionaay in the form of ir^n, errenL, to err; where
we also find, erre^ ire, c^g^r, whence the latin ira in
the same import, and to he angry ^ is to go wrong, not
to kec^ your temper, ^rrenh-moed,, Angiy mood, state
of Ai^r, is till in use.

'' And let him ^vecy deity adore

*^ If ills new bride prov« not an akbavt whore.'' Dryd.

JLH onn fish;

7^ is ari oddfish^ describes a person of out of the way,
strange habits, and seems, as, een hood vise ; q, e, a
whimsical, ^smtastical head ; a head full of caprice, one
not to be relied on in point of temper, a morose, uneasily
pleased ill satisfied mmd. Een^ an, one. Heod^ hoafd,
head, mind, diBposition. Ptse^ vicSy fantastical, morose,
capricious. J^e^ vaee^ now vieze^ vaazen^ whimsies,
&ncies. Een tnse mensck, a morose man, one difficult
to deal with. H^ being no letter, the original form
resounds into the travesty; which in a literal sense
could never have suggested itself to any human inteU
lect. Fish, as that which marks or counts the tricks
it cards, seems, er vite's ; q, e. there is a trick, this
stands for mark, a trick. P'ite, trick, drawing away ;
^s, iSy is, and thus mark^ marker,

whits-livjsiucd;

cowardly, feint-hearted, imbecile ; seems,?^^/, lifherrd ;
q. e, scold ! coward he endures it, cowed he bears it,
is not affected by it; though you speak harshly to him,
he bears it, keeps quiet. Wyten^ rtnjten, to reproach,
to accuse, to scold. Lif, lef, /a/*, imbecile, silly, faint-
hearted, coward, base. Herrd, the third person pres.
of herrden^ harrden^ to endure, to last on, from harren^

to^ delay, to last; whence pcobaiUy Ace latiis koarere, to
adhefe ta, to abide by, tostickto; h4Brere m e^b^em
eomtnararig^ tetmieniik (ta stick ta, to stsfad by the
sasne-og^non) ms w^ as our hardy to hc^dewy hmrdj^
i^avctff and ha/rf^dom (oM where) which seems as^
harre ryde aen; q, e. the fever still remains ia her^
the fire still bums in her; implying the fever or fira
of youth is not yet extinct in her, though according[ to
nature it shonld be by this time, and thus unbecoming
of her. Mijdey fever,* heat of body. Perhaps harridan
may be as, haer r^de aen ; q. e. to her the fever still
remains ; Tuierj hoary to her ; and then the phrase
apyrlies solely to the female, and has a same sound with
the other form, and is perhaps, the true one. JohnsoA
gives no etymology beyond white and liver /

ransom;

the same word with the italian ransoney the Spanish
ranson^ the french raneouy and the dutch ransoeny
grounded by Bilderdijk in the verb, rennen^ rannen^
rinneUy to run, to go free or away, and aoeUy propitia*
tion, conciliation, mitigation, reconciliation, softening,
and thus as that which makes up with the holder of
the captive the loss of letting him go off. Ranne's
soenCy is the assuaging of going off; the softening
of the cap tor *s loss, il^ and 72 interchange, the italian
donna and the latin domina are one word ; trimy as
order, behaviour, state, condition, case, mode of fashion,
se^ms, the dutch words ticr*ny in case, in condition, in
fashion ; in good trim, in good case or condition ; and
to triniy in the import of to put in order a hedge
or tree, and also a person ,r seems as tieren, to modify,
to fashion, to dress, to change from what it was before.
To trim a many is to make him behave, conduct him-
self, duly, without relation to the means, to dress him^
and we say indifferently he gave him a sound dressing
and he gave him a sound trimming ; tieren, has also
the meaning of to rave, to confound ; and tier has that

2c 3

196 ARCHJBOLOGT OT

of noise, disturbance, stretching of voice, calling out,
and to triniy may be as tieren ; toe tiere^n^ the n and m
interchanging. A trimmer^ a vixen, a fury ; she is a
trimmer^ she is a fury. A trimmer, a changer of
principle or party belongs here, in the sense of changer,

'^ The king ne taxith nat his men

** But by consent of the commin'alte ;

" But these (the priests J eche yere wol bauhsom hem

** Maisterfully, more than dothe he." Clumcer,

" Thus the pore peple is ransounde." Idem.

*'*' The RANSOM paid which man from death redeems,
'' It is death for man." Milton,

MALE, female;

in the first case, the same with the french masle, mkle^
the latin mascultis, the italian mascolo, in the other
with the french ^<?w2^/fe, and the latin yj?m^//!a, and \\jSi'
lian/eminelkij seem in one, to be as ma hele ; q, e.
keeping manhood within, containing virility, that in
which the power of begetting is deposited ; and the
firench mctsle and latin mascultis, to be as ma
schuifle; q. e. hiding manhood, the male quality therein
concealed, sheltered, enclosed within, and thus in a same
direction of import with male, as ma hele (see Man
V, 1. ». 128y ; female, as /em hele ; q. e. holding the
womb ; holder of the uterus ; the one containing the
matrix, mother. Ma, puissance, potency, the thema
of ma^ht, macht, power, and of gemachte, virility.
The french jr<?mm^ and oMxfem^ (woman), as in the law
phrasejr<?f?jtf sole (unmarried woman) and 7cam, wamme,
womb, are a same word ; w, v,f, being the representa-
tives of an interchanging sound; see, v, \. p, 23\,
Hele, the contracted part. pres. of helen, to conceal, to
to keep or hold withm.

*^ God created man in his image, male and female."

Genesis i. 27.

KUBgEBT BHYMES. 197

** If he offer it of the herd, wether it be male or fb-
^^ MALE, he shall offer it without blemish/' Leviticus,

'' The FEMALE bee that feeds her husband drone."

Milton.

*' Fondly overcome by female charm.*' Idem,

side;

the dutch syde, in the same sense; also in that of
milt, spleen f and silk ; derived by Bilderdijk from the
obsolete term sede, seide^ set, softness. In the imi^rt
of side, as one of the sides of the body, it is that part
under which the spleen is placed, and also the part of
the body unprotected by the ribs, and thus differing
from the back and chest. Seide, sei^syde, the spauish
seda, the Italian seta, and the frencli sole are the same
word in regard to its import of silk, Mit sachtege-
cledet, cloathedwith ailk, was an old dutch expression,
and sachte is softness ; scioht and our soft are one word.
The side of a house, a side of bacon, is in an analo-
gical sense, as when we say, the back of a house, in
reference to its front. Our term silk, is, I suspect, the
ellipsis of silk-worm, and thus as the thread spun by
that worm, in which, in its chrysalis stage, it lies shrouded
as by alight loose gauzelike clothing or coverlet, after-
wards methodically unravelled, and then twisted into
thread for the use of the manufacturer ; silk, is seilke,
a light, loose, airy, gauzelike garment of fine threads,
and thus expressive of the covering natural to the
chrysalis state of the silk-worm, whence silk is drawn
for use. Sielke, and silk have a same sound. Silken
is used as an adjunct to soft, in relation to the above
given source of the term seide,

** And wisht that two such fans, so silken soft,

** And golden feir, her love would her give." Spenser,

TO Buw A muck;
to show inoonsiderate haste in revenge, to avenge

198 MacnmoLon of

blindly; seemR, t4 ra^'n er nihacke; q, e, too ready
to bring ia the sword, knife; to rash with thw axe,
battle-axe, and thus to use it too hastily. Te^ too.
Ra^.^ raede^ rade^ radde^ quickly, rashly, instantane*
ously, readily. Er^ there, in this case. W, iw, coming
or going in, entering. M\ mee^ mede, with. Saekey
knife, chopper, cutlass, axe, battle-axe, the same word
with the latin ascia, the firench hache, as well as our
€uee ; whence to hash, and the dutch hackeUy ta hack,
to hew, to cut, likewise to dig, i. e, to cut with the
spade or hoe., Em robe hackt den andern die augen
nicht au8z ; one raven does not dig out the eyes of
the other. Mucky in its direct sense, is the dutch
mueck, muycky heap,ccHnpost, compound, many matters
put together. Hence our word mickley muckte^ a good
deal and the older mockel, mochil, mochel, moche^ used
repeatedly by Chaucer in the same sense, as weil as
our much and the Spanish mucho ; the modern utterance
of ch was formerly that of ck ; and still is with the
dutch. Our now obsolete mzcchwhat, a little from,
near to, seems as muck^ heap, deal, and fohaty as the
dutch wat, etwat^ aliquot part, indefinite portion;
and thus an indefinite part of an indefinite something,,
and consequently less than that in degree or proportion ;
incurring, when used, the sense of little, near, which
belongs to it by implication.

" Frontless and satire proof he scow'rs the streets,
*' And RUNS AN indian muck with all he meets."

Dryden.

" Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet
"To BUN A MUCK and tilt at all I meet." Pope.

" MucHWHAT after the same manner.'* Glanville.

** Many a little makes a mickle." Camhden's rem.

" To morrow I shall die with mickle age." Shakesp.

ToMOBBOW coKB NEVBB; the ^imtii^ rejAj to the
idle one's pretences for delay in doii^ what ttboutd he
then done; seems, toe marre rouw^ kumenae^wr;
q, e, to the putting of what ought to he done tiMta,
K^ret is sure to follow, to diligence haoxlly eirer ; procras-
tination is to a certainty succeeded hy «oi»<i>W;, ^ctivftty:,
seldom so ; marrey the past. pres. of marren, meeren^
to mar, to delay, to put off^ kume^ kuyme^ hardly,
Bcarcely ; wae, after ; ijver^f zeal, exertion, diligence ;
rouw^ sorrow, grief, repining; nae yver loundd never.

OBOUiO);

the>datch^ro92^, in the known uses of that subtftaature ;
seem^ as, gar kauend ; q, e. con^)letely heading, ^i-
tirely supporting, cornicing, graspiDg, incloskiff , in-
cluding. The ground we stand on^ is that which^:cM»
us when we stand. FU never set my foot on freneh
ground^ I'll never set .my foot on the spot which holds
the freneh nation. The ground of an argument^ is
that which holds or contains the ailment. Thene
is no ground for the ecctifiScUion^ liiere is no hoidine
Up Qr sustaining the ^iccusatioa, no support for it ; and
we say to hold an argument^ in this same direction of
sense ; and also to hold an ifjpmion^ in that of to sup-
port or maintain an opinion. The groundr-story or
fiooT of a house^ is the story or floor which holds up,
supports the house. The ground of his hcqjpmess^
is that which holds up, supports, sustains his happiness.
Coffee-grounds y is as the particles which held the
essence or nature of that berry, the essential .particles of
coffee. The ground of his religion, is that which
supports, that on whic^ his rehgion stands. To take
ground^ as in the case of a stranded boat or ship, is to
touch ground, to become stationary in relation to the ship
or boat. Gar, goer, completely, quite, entirely.
Houend, the part. pres. of houen, houden, houwen,
to hold. Hence koue, houwe, marriage, as the mutual
having and holding of the parties; in the ceremony the

200 ABCHJB0L06T OT

words to have and to hold are used. From the sub-
stantive grond^ ground^ the verb to ground is taken.
To gain no ground^ is to get no hold. Gar-hauendy
BouTkdB grond^ groundy ana accounts for the u in our
term. Johnson derives it from the anglo-saxon grund,
but that is the same word.

A bat;

as the creature known by that term ; seems to be as the
dutch words, er by heet; q. e. along with this hot
weather^ when this appears it is summer, midsummer,
86 the period of the greatest natural heat of temperature ;
and in &ct the season when this animal is seen to quit
its hiding place and fly about during the evenings in
the greatest abundance; er by, thereby, then; heet,
heyt, heat; and is a specification of an unfailing habit
of the animal, whicn lies concealed at all other
seaaons. Formerlv known by, the now, disused term
fiktter-mouBe, thedutch vledder- muys ; q, e. fluttering-
mouse, mouse with wings. FJeddmr, the contracted
part pres. of vledderen, vlederen, vleeren, to flutter,
to shake the wings, from which last form of the verb
we have our to flare, as applied to the shaking, flutter-
ing of the flame. Grounded in the antiquated vletten,
to flow, to float, to waver, and the same word with
ffloaten^ vloten, vlieten. Hence our term fleet, and
the bench flotte, in the import of ships, as well as our
to float, Johnson has not flitter-mouse, but Bailey
has. Vloed^ flood, and vloeyen, to flow, are of this
stock also.

" Where swallows in the winter season keep,

" And now \hQ drowsy bat and dormouse sleep/'Gay.

THB LOAVES AND FISHES;

fortuitous prospects or views of provision ; the good
things at the disposal of government ; seems, die &ve's

KURSBRY RHYMES. itOl

hand vise hie* 8 ; q. e, he who depends upon promises
for his livelihood, is next to one not in his right senses ;
he who sets all his, expectations upon the words of
others, is next akin to a fbol, madman, visionary ; and
thus a moral notice to rely upon self exertion, and not
to be the dupe of idle expectation from those upon
whom you have no hold. A sentence usually referred,
for source, to the well-known miracle recounted in the
New Testament. But the one was a real meal, the
other is no meal, but a promise most probably never to
be performed. There is no lelation between the cases.
Love^ the part. pres. of loven^ heloveuy to promise ; *Sy
is ; dief the one ; and thus he fvho is the creature of
promise ; mse^ fantastical, visionary, fanatick ; hie^
here; '«, is; hand^ close by, near to. bacon; as the
meat of the purposely fattened hog; seems, haU onne;
q, e. due to the trough ; that which has been made
what it is by the being fed, for the purpose of fattening,
in the stye, and can be had by no other means ; usually
derived from hacken^ to bake ; but that is more appli-
cable to a pie^ than hacon^ which is never baked,
BackjbaJCy trough; onnej the part. pres. of onneny
jonneriy gonneriy to be of use to, to favour. The latin
for hacon is lardum^ in french larde^ in Italian and
Spanish lardOy possibly grounded in laeden^ to make
replete, to load, m reference to the covering of the flesh
by the fat which makes it bacon; laed^ pronounced
broadly sounds Icard. itch; seems, hitsche; q, e.
prurient, exciting, instigating, provoking, teazing, the
part, pres of hitschen ; to have an itch for any thing
IS to feel the instigation of having it, to be teazed by
the wish for it. He -samd his bacon ; see t> 1 , jp. 147.

" As if divinity had catched

" The ITCH on purpose to be scratched." Htidibras.

** A certain itch of meddling with other peoples mat-
^* ters, puts us upon shifting." L'Estrange.

2d

203 utcHiEOLOGir or

spute; ;

the dutch spyte in a same sense, seeminglj grounded in
y^y spijCy spieckeTf spike, plug, that which is driven
mto that for which it is usea« and thus that which is
concealed and listened or fixed in hy its sharpness or
point ; hence the type of inherently coucealea sharp-
ness or Chat which enters, is made to go in hy its
point, sharpness, hyits acrimony ; and what else is sprite f
We say, to spit his spitSy in the sense of to display a mis-
chievous feeling, to hring it out from the breast. To
hear a spite^ is to have within the breast a goading
concealed anxiety to wound the feelings, happiness, of
odiers; to harbour a sted&st feeling to injure aho-
ther. To this source belong the dutch spien,, spieden,
to spy, to espy, to inspect ; and spy, as the one who
locks stedfastly , privately, and closely after the object in
view; whence to spy, to behold, and also to watch.
^Spii, broad spit, is as that which penetrates and fixes
within, holds &st; and spit, spet, spade, as that which
is driven into, and made &st within the soil or other
substance, and with which our spit in both senses is the
same, belong here. But spit, spittle, saliva, is from
sp^eti, sp^gen, spepen, to spit, and as the past paU.
of that verb ; viz. spijt, that which is spit out, whence
we have farmed the verb to spit^ in the import of to let,
send, out «df spigot, a tap, that by whicn the barrel is
.emptied of its contents, seems, er spie gotte; q. e.
there efiusion is seen ; here we see thai which lets,
pours out4 and a sjpicket in the same sense seems, er
spick giet; q, e, there plug lets out, pours out, spreads
pbroad. Johnson says:that sjjkgot is that which keeps
in the liquor, but that's the busmess of tlie barrel, and
not of the tap ; gotte, effusion ; gieten, to j)oiir, cast
out. Spick and span new ; in relation to that which
has never been used, injured by use; brand new^
seems, sjne yck hand spie aen nu ; q, e. there now
lix firmly your eye on it, look close at it now, examine,
inspect it thoroughly now ; and is as the challenge of

VTJR8BRT RHYMSS. 303

^e seller of the article to the buyer, chapman, of it;
i;eky the imperative of ijckeUy to mark, to fix ; hand^
«ear, clbse, hard by ; aen, on, at ; nUy nouWy now ; and
also nu^Mouw^ nieutVy with which our neWy the latin
nomtSj and french neu, neuve, are a same word.

•** Mysterious-dame,

** That ne'er ar't called; but when the dragon*womb
*^ Of Stygian darkness spets her thickest doom,
** And makes one blot of all the air." Muton.

Bewray they did their inward boiling spitb,

Each stirring others to revenge their cause." DdnieL

OBs. The thema<^ affixed to each of the five vow-
els with the infinitive termination, is the source of a
host of words, in various dialects, and which it would
be endless to indentify here; froni 8;par-enyiQ spawn, to
spatter; from spe-en, to spit, formerly to spet, to
Wj)end f from spi-en^ to spy.; ifrom spd^n^^spoe-den^ to
speed, to hasten ; from sjm-enfAo s^giie^ spuijteny to
»pout,.pour. forth ; &c..

A' BONE TO pick;:

tometHing to settle amicably, rationally. Er hij Honey
toe pick : q, e, in this case it is to be mutual favouring ;
pique, grudge, spite,, laid aside; it- is here to be as
courting, punctilio out of the question. To make no
bones, to ML to fighting without ceremony.; toe
nChaeke ; nbe bij hone's ; q, e: when it is come to the
sword' (knife) it is a matter of course that shyness
should be put bv (laid aside.^ Johnson says it is a me-
taphor from a aog, who reaaily swallows meat that has
no bones !! To be upon the lioneSy to be provoked to
begin an attack, a quarrel ; to bije op on te bij honeys
q. e. when one is stung, provoked, suL by your- leave,
all ceremony is quite over ; to vexatious usi^e, all form
of oourtei^ is- out of the question;, instead of bije^

2d 3

204 ABCHJIOLOST Of

bee, the stinging insect, it may have been heMie ; q. e.
tonnenting, teazing ; in either case it sounds to he.
Haoke^ heekey the part. pres. of haeken^ to hack, to
cut; ndtf, the third pers. pres. of no^en^ noden^
nooden^ to be required, to be necessary^ wanted ; by^
aside ; hanej the part. pres. of hanen^ hoonen^ to fa-
vour, to show courtesy, kindness, to ; op on, up on
high, over, out <rf sight; pteJc^ srudge, mance, enmity ;
toey finished, at an end; and uso to as the infinitive
preposition.

^' Puss had a month's mind to bb upon thb bokes of
"him, but was not willmg to pick a quarreV^

L' Estrange,

A crow to pick ; in the same sense as a hone to
pick : seems, er keer hauwj toe pick ; q. e. let there be
a friendly turn, no srodge; here let things take an
amicable course, wimout spite; keer, turn, course;
houWy &vourable, kind. Keer houw sounds crow,

A CUCKOLD

(formerly cockoldy coekewolde;) seems, ergackew'
hold ; q, e, there a making a fool of under the garb of
observance ; these are making eame of him, whfle they
feign ceremonious attention to nim ; they betray him,
imder the mask of cajolement; in reference to the fidse
friend's and the adidtress's conduct towards the be-
trayed mate. Oache, the part. pres. oi gackenyCfekkeny
to deride, to bdbol, to mock, sounds cocky ctick; g and
k interchange dialectically ; grauwy common sailors,
and creWy are a same word, as well as in the import of
common people generally; and grounded in grauWy
grey, the constant colour oi the garment of the com-
monalty of that day ; gacky seems the source of our
term yau; A;, dolt, a foolish, clownish, borish looking,
staring, countryman ; also, in Scotland, the cuckoo; w\

HURSBRT BHYMES. 205

wie^ as; holdy hommage, obeisance; in an adjec-
tive sense friendly, well-wishing. The original phrase
sounds cokewoldj since compressed into ctLckold; o
changes dialectically into u; uit and out are the
same word.

" Then drede ye noght to ben a cokewold,

" For filth and *elth also, so mote I the,

** Ben grete wardeinis upon chastite." Chaucer.

OBS. Johnson derives the term from the firench
cocUy the same word with the dutch kocJcocky cuckold,
and cuccOy the italian cucco, and our own, as the bird
meant by it, but which is purely an onomatopy or
sound imitation of the cry of that species of its tribe !
Possibly the dutch ^aek, gaak^ may be at bottom the
same word with the above scotch gawk, as the bird
which is ever repeating the same silly sounding cry, and
fiibled to have its offspring fathered by a bird of ano-
ther kind. ^Oldness, old age ; elder and older ^ are a
same word ; an elder brother is an older brother*

A. squint;

a side look of the eye, the eye so placed as to look as-
kew, a tranverse vision; seems, er schuynte ; q, e.
there obliquity ; in this case a slope, a turning aside
from direotness, and here in relation to the eye ; pro^
bably grounded in schuwen, schouwen, to shy, to start
on one side, and thus to turn from the straightway, to
go aside from it. Transverse tuentibua hirciSy squint-
ing goats, goats looking crossways. SketVy askeWy
aside, askance, is evidently as schuwey shying, going or
looking aside, the part. pres. of the above schumeny
achouwen ; whence the much esquiveTy to go quickly,
slyly aside, to shirk. SchouWy is a scare-crow. We
say ahu ! ahu I to frighten away crows, and birds that
are doing harm. Schu^ sounds aqu. From squint we

206 ' Alien AOLOGT OF

Bave made to squint ; squint-eyed^ is to have the eye
aside, and so looking secretly, slyly atj. toeyey to
watch carefully.

"Perkin began already to squint one eye upon the
*^ crown, and! the other upon the sanctuary." Bacon,

"He was so SQUiNXKYEP^that he seemed spitefully to^
**look on them whom he beheld.*' Knolles.

• ■

A?.PIDG£On^

'(ibrmerly BiD<yKON),. seems as the expression, ^T'&u^j^-
an ; q, e. want it, there it is ; you have but to desixe
k, and you find it always at hand; order it, there it is,,
.elose by,, within the homestead, where you are; and
thus as that which is sure to be had at once when want-
.^, on any sudden^ occasion. JPiaeon^. raters^ solely to
the domestick bird so called. JDove^ is the true term,
for the species, though now only applied to the wild
one of the kind. But dove-house and dove-eotf were,,
and still are in some plltces,. terms for pigeons-
house ; the dutch have no other name iox pigeon than
duive^duif^ dove. A dove house, is tHe usual appen*'
dace to every homestead or farm,, and was once univer^-
aaUy so,.for botU the use and sale of the bird. Tlie
fasnch pigeon and Italian piccione are our own word
, dialectically modified. Pigeon, as a person who ia-
easily taken io^ duped, tHe one at the eommand or calli
of the sharp one, is- the same term analogically applied ; .
whence'we make to pigeon,. in the sense of to clupe, to>
make a fool' of,, to rob. Duive-huys, duive-kot^ are
the same word,, as with us. Figeon^liveredyVS ac--
counted for under the expression white-livered;, see
that phrase in this Essay. Bid^ the imperatiire of
bidden, to require, to desire, to seek for; also to order;
je, at any time, ever; <?«, aen^ at, close by, (y^.

HVRSSRT RflTMES. Wf

**^ I halve a dkh of doves, that I will jbestow upon your ,
** worship." Shahe^p. '

To be cU one^s hidy and t^ -be nt ane^s command or 01^
der are a same e3q)res»ion. To hid^ has also the iuK
port of to invite^ in both languages.

a gnarded opinion 4 a rule established by forethought-;
seems, er ni hack's im ; q, e, in this case change is pirt
out ; chance has nothing todo here, and thus that which
has been matured by foresight ; m\ mee, mede, with.,
hack, hazard, chance ; '«, is ; im^ in, at an end, put by;
done for ; ch sounds at the end of a word as k, and
fn'huch's sounds maa^. The term^as been applied by
others to the latin maximum^ something of the great--
«st, the chief of all, the neuter of maxtmua ; but what
can that have to do here ? size or extent has nothing to
■do with maxim any more than with axiom : a term of
a same import and source, for I take axiom to be, hach^g
hie om ; q. eAn this case chance is out of the question,
daid aside, rejected, put an end to ; implying, and re-
placed by consideration ; om^ over, done with, at an end.
2r being no letter and ch as k, leaves the above phrase
in the form of aJc-s^ie-otn ; Jfc^ is represented by or,
and ie sounds i, when pronounced as formerly by us.
'Our term is however is held by othei-sio he grounded i^
the greek axiom, a thing said, a dictum, something
spoke, and may be either true or false ; but that is noi
what we mean l^ tm axiom, where falsehood is essen-
tially intended to be excluded ; axioein, is to .speak, to
say. Cicero explains the latin axioma in the greek
sense. But the term not only infers being either spoken
.or written, but also its being the result of foresight,
ihought, experience.

*^ AXIOMS, or principles more general, are such as this,

S08 ABCHiK>L06T Of

**that the greater good is to be chosen before the lesscir.'*

Hooker.

** Their afirmations are no axioms ; we esteem thereof
^'as things unsaid, and account them as nothing."

Brown.

**" It is a MAXIM of state^ that all countries of new ac-
quest, till settled, are rather matters of burthen than
strength." Bacon.

^* A reflection that has long since passed voXo proverhB
and been ranked among the atandiny maxims of hu-
man wisdom." Rogers.

THANK MY STARS ; a commou self congratulation on
the escape from some difficulty ; seems, dank^ my hye
staj^r's; q. e. thanks my vexation is at an end ; thank
God my suffering is come to a full stop, that which
was tormenting to me is finished ; dank^ thanks ; my^
to me ; hye, tormenting, giving pain ; staSy the part,
pres. of stamen, to stop ; V, er, there, in this case ; '«,
iSy is. My hye sounds my^ like all sequences of a
«ame vowel, and h no letter.

A OROCBR ;

as the dealer in preserved articles of vegetable produce ;
seems, ergroe's her; q, e., that which has been pro-
duced by the earth in one state may be had here in ano-
ther, and thus the announcement of the means of sup*
plying vegetable produce in a duly preserved state;
groe^ groeye^ the part. pres. of groeyen^ groenen^ to
ffrow, to flourish ; hcTy again, back a^ain, returned ;
herleveny is to copae to tife again, to revive, to reappear.
Grocery articles in fact are such as having been {pro-
duced in one state, appear again in another. Gro^*s
her sounds grocer. With the frencfa it is epkner^

Nl^aSBBY EHYME8. . 20$

spice dealer, with the dutch kruidemier. Johnson
fetches the term from the french ^ros^ big, and says it
should be spelt with an 8 instead of a (?, a sheer ground-
less whim. As a dealer, a grocer is not one who selb
en gros (by wholesale), but oftener by the ounce or
pound, nor is he hig professionally. Engrosser une
femme^ is not to fill her with plums or almonds and
raisins, but with a child.

A butcher;

in the common import of that well known word ; seems
er beuit schiere ; q. e, there is the one who divides,
cuts into pieces, that which is dead, finished; he it is
who parts into shares the killed animal, that which has
been deprived of existence, that which is at an end ;
with which the french boucJier is a same word, though
by others derived ivomhouche^ mouth; but that would
apply as well to the baker as the butcher^ and is un-
grounded in all but analogy of letter. Beuit ^ gebwt^
the past part, of beuiten, bewten, as uiten, wten, with
fihe impletive prefix be^ to put an entire end to, to finish
completely, to deprive of life, to take animation from,
to oust from hence ; and with which our io out, and to
ofwt, to eject, are a same word ; and so is the french
6ter^ osier, to take out, to remove, to oust, which
Johnson derives from ouster, dter, and is right as to
6ter, but there is no such word in french as ouster ;
scMerCj the third pers. pres, pot. mood of scJueren^
to part into pieces, to divide into parts ; whence our
shire, county, a part or division of a whole, of the en-
tire country, place.

IS THBOWING PEARLS TO THE SWINE ;

is doing something worse than useless ; a common ex-
expression, but one that could never have originated
in a form of words which imply the act of a madman,
one that could never enter head of any one in his

2b

210 AJSLtnAOLOBY Of

Mtises ; and is decidedly the letter form of same origi-
nal soundsense expression, which I take to he, is de
roufv tnge, Pye relle ^s toe die^s wee hye iriTte ; q, e.
is the grief pinching ; the holy one's gabble in this
case is out adding vexation to woe ; where th« sorrow
is oppressive, the chattering of the man in the cowl
(confessor, priest) is only adding persecution to misfor-
tune; if the regret for the loss in question is real,
nothing the parson can say will do any good, and
only worries the object of his officiousness. JRouw,
regret, grief; Pye, friar, the man in the cowl ; relle,
the part. pres. of rellen, to talk nonsense, to chatter
away, to scold, whence our to rail at, and to rally a

Eerson ; but all the terms in this sentence have already
een explained in this and the other volumes of the
Essay. The expression belongs to a period when it
was usual to call in the Confessor to his dying dupe.
The french. Jetter les marguerites devant les pour-
ceaux, is an exact translation of our own travesty, and
used in the same sense.

A srtsaltxr;

a wholesale importer of drags, preserved fruits, dyer's
articles, and other materials, which he sells, in such pro-
portions as each may want, to chemists, apothecaries,
and other less general dealers and retailers of them ;
seems, er die'r hye's al f eer ; q, e, what you have in
your head is there already, that which you are now
thinking of is all there before hand, is all ready for you
to take away, there is before hand provision of that
which is required by you to have. Die, that which ;
V, there, is in the head, in reference to him who is
there to buy the wholesale article; hye, longjng for,
gasping for, vexing for, the part. pres. of hyen; t\ te,
to; eer, before.

'* An extensive yra^^ and drys alter." Times newsp,

Nov. 27. 1839.^. 7. col 2.

TO QtlVJi OKSSSLF AIBSj

to assume that which does not belong to the one in
pcunt Toe ffeve^ waene aelf eer's; q, e, the addle*
needed one dreams he is grace itself; the fool imagines
himself to be the flower of perfection, dignity, good
breeding itself; the wrong-headed think themselves all
that is right, becoming. Toc^ at an end, over, finished ;
gefce^ gheef^ gaef^ sound, entire, all as it ought to be,
kale, healthy ; so that toe geve is, unsound, not as it
ought to be, addled, and sounds to give ; waene^ thinks,
imagines, the third pers. pres. pot. mood of maenefiy to
fancy, to conceive, sounds one ; self^ self, he himself;
eeVy grace, eleganjce, dignity, ornament, appearance ;
9y is 8\ But airy as in spitefuU air ; fawning air ;
pleasant air ; air of good humour ^ SfCy seems the
dutch ee'r; q, e. ^ways there, eyer there, and thus
identical with inborn, natural ; ee, ever ; V, er, diere,
« pleasant air^ is pleasant from nature, £Fom the begin-
ing of the existence of the object referred to ; air of
good humour J natural, inborn good humour, ^ir, as
the fluid or atmosphere that encompasses our globe,
is in its direct sense, and is the themaa-^r, flowing, fluid,
fluent, that which flows about us, that in which we live,
or, if you wiR, swim. See water, v, 2.jp. 250, The greek
aeer, the latin aer, our and the french air, and Italian
ana,are a same wosd as eer; T aria del canzone. Voir du
chanson, and our air of a song, is the ornament of a
song, the ornamental parto^ the grace of the song, its
degance, outfit, dress.

_((

Her graceful innocenee, her ey'ry aib

*' Of gesture, or least action overaw'd
^^ His malice." Milton.

" The AIR of youth." Idem.

" With the AIR of a secret." Pope,

2sb

21^2 UKBMOLOQY Of

'* They naturally give themselves the airs of kings aud

^^riojces" Addison.

*^ He assumes and ai^ts an entire set of very different

AIBS.*' Swift,

A grandfather;

seems, as er ^erae^nnd vader ; q. e. there the one by
whom the father is already produced ; this is the one
who has already made the &ther, in relation to the per-
son's child in question; your grandfather^ is as he
who begot your &ther, mother ; ^^rae, geraed^ gcreed^
prepared, made ready; ^nnd^ innd, the past part, of
tnnerij to bring into the world (place) in question ;
eader, father. Grandson (daughter) are as the chil-
dren of the producer or author of their father;
gerak *nnd sounds grand, Johnson takes grand
to be as the french term for great^ with which
our grand in the sense of magnificent is a same word ;
but what can that term have to do here? A grand-
father is neither a large, magnificent, or conspicuous
father ; nor can it ever by any etymological my tification
be made to impart the idea which it has in relation to
father. The french grandpere (mere) is a literal
translation of the english term. Andgroot in groot
voder (grandfather) seems as geroote the part. pres.
of rooten^ rotten (with the completive prefix ge) to
collect into a series, order, a line of things or beings,
and thus the continuer, collector, producer of a series
of the descendants or children of the family in poini ;
for groot ^ great, can never be the word here intended.
Our great m great grandfather \% probably as the above
explained ^roo/, and so it is in regard to all the degrees
of consanguinity in which it is used with the words,
father, mother, child, son, &c. The dutch for grandson
is kindskind^ child of the child, in reference to the father
in point, and thus in a true sense ; kind^ child, as son
or daughter. Grandsire^ as the equivalent term for

HVBIfiRT RBTHE9. 213

grandfather^ seems the above explained grand and
9ire (father) the dutch sawyer , saeder, sower and thus
producer, the one that is the cause of coming forth, the
sower of the seed or embryo of production, with which
the latin sator^ is a same word as well as our sire, the
one as saeyer, the other as sadder ; saeyer sounds sire^
which is also a term for the father or producer of a horse ;
evidently grounded in saeyen, to sow ; agrorum sator^
the sower of the fields ; oleoe satoVy the sower of the
olive; sator hominum atque deorum; the father of
mankind and of the deities (in reference to the imagi-
nary ones of the poets of the ancients) ; omnium rerum
pater et sator, the father and producer of all that is
(in reference to Jupiter as the supreme deity of that day
with the Romans), are all classical and sound sense ex-
pressions. STUD; is clearly the same word with the
dutch stutte, stuyte^ as the mew for breeding horses,
the place where stallions and brood-mares are collected
for that purpose ; and which seems grounded in stutten,
stuyten, to support, to keep up, and thus to continue
the race in point; stud as the nail so called, and study
post, is the same word in the sense of that which fixes,
keeps up or together, Stutte, stuyte, has also the im-
port of horse, as well as hrood-mare, and is another
ierm belonging to this stock.

^' One was saying that his great grandfather, and
'' GRANDFATHER and father died at sea : said another,
" that heard him, an 'I were as you, I would never come
*' at sea, why, saith he, where did your great grand-
'^ father, and grandfather, and fether die ? He an-
" swered. where but in their beds ? He answered an 'I
*' were as you, I would never come to bed." Bacon^

A COFFIN ;

in the usual import of the word ; seems, er kaf inne ;
q. e. there is that in which chaff is put, that in which
the husk (shell of the being in point is placed, and

214 ARCHJiOLOGT OV

chaff or hudi are in relation to the aoul (lifie) of a beiag,
and consequently in such regard as stuff, trumpery,
valueless substance ; sound the a broadly as was once
done, and the phrase is coffin^ the double jf' is a dialecti-
cal change, as in chaffs the dutch haf^ and stuffs the
dutch 8tof^ dust. But coffin as that in which the con*
fectioner puts the articles he has sold to the customer,
seems er Icauf in ; q, e. in that is put the purchase,
what is sold to you is in that case; in the import
of the hoof of a horse, it seems as the same term in
the sense of that which makes the purchase complete,
the use of a horse depending upon its hoc^, if that was
pot sound it would be a price given for nothing, and
thus no purchase or completed bargain ; as the
crust of a pastry, it seems as that in which what haft
been bought in the market is put for the use of the table.
The french have the term cojiny for a wicker basket
where they throw scraps of paper and torn papers
when no longer wanted, which I take to be as the
first above given phrase, and thus as the receptacle of
Talueless stuff. Kauf^ is the germanized form of th^
dutch koop (purchase) in the original form "koo; koo^
man and koop-man (merchant) are a same word with
kaufman^ the dialectical change of the o into a, andj?
into^have been repeatedly exemplified in this treatise.
Coffer, strong box, and the french coffre, seem as
kauf eeW ; q, e. the means of buying or paying for is
always kept here, in this place. The dutch for coffin
is dood'kist ; the fr^ich circueily Here,

'' He went as if he had been the coffin that carried
•* himself to his sepulchre." Sidney.

*' Of ^e paste a coffin will I rear,
*< And make two pasties of your shameless heads."

Shakeap.

*^ The bilder oke, the bardie asshe

" The piller dme the cqfflr unto oaraine*^ Chatwer.

NXntSERY BHTMB8. 215

Kind ; of one sort, of a same class, as in mankind ; is
clearly the dutch kendykundy kond, genus ; grounded in
kunnen, konnen^ to know, to distinguish from, and thns
as that marked or known by what is seen or felt m it ;
and kind favourable to, showing good will towards,
seems only another use of the same term and as the
natural behaviour or conduct of the one to the other
of the same kind. She was kind to him, she treated
him as a female would a male of the same species with
herself, inferring something perhaps that one man
could not do for the other. And in another view of the
sense a man or son could not do what the Grecian
daughter did for her father. Able, capable, suitable,
clever, fit, talented ; seems, er Bije hel; q. e, in this
case the Bee is evident, here industry, talenf, ingenuity,
contrivance is apparent to every one ; and sounds abUy
with which the firench hahile, Spanish habil, and latin
habilis are a same word. Otio qitam lahori hahilioTy
fitter for an idle than an industrious wayof life ; unhomme
habile y an able (clever) man ; Bije, bee, was the univer-
sal type with the Saxon for industry and ingenuity, as
the truest exemplification of those qualities that the hand
of nature has brought home to mankind; liely clear,
evident, shining, bright. Johnson derives the term
from habilis and habile which are the words originating
in the phrase above given as the source of able, Er,
there, the general representative of the particle a as the
prefix of a substantive. Sister, the dutch sttsteTy
seems si; u'st 'ee V ; q, e. this is the one you are to get
married, get a husband for in reference to the members
of the family she belongs to. Brother; the dutch
broede er ; q, e. of the same brood there, one of the
same father and mother ; broedCy and our brood are a
same word. A romance ; an invented story, an exag-
gerated tale ; an overstretched relation in regard to seff ;
seems, er ruyme kans ; q. e, in this case the person
(speaker, teller, author) amplifies, dilates, exaggerates ;
ruymey the pres. pot. of ruymeny to dilate, enlarge,
to make something of little or nothing ; hanSy perso;i,
member of society.

t16 ARCHJEOLOGT OF

TO DAKCB A fl(«irPIPE ;

toe cThans er hoore^n pype ; q, e, there must be a
playing of the pipe for a person to do this ; for any one to
do this there must be the fife. Hans^ person, member of
society, man ; hoore^ the pres, pot. of hooren, to belong
to, to be required ; pype^ fife, pipe. A country dance ;
er gewoonte rije cThanse ; q, e, in this case custom reg-
ulates the party ; here practice in this regard places the
company as required ; in reference to what is then in-
tended to be done for an unschooled social pastime ;
gewoonte, established practice ; rrje, rules, regulates,
governs ; hanse, company, society, association ; d\ de^
the. Country, as one's native soil, the land on which
we are bom and live ; seems, gewoonte rije ; q, e. habit
suits us to it, we like and prefer it to all other places
from habit ; and thus the place naturally preferred and
beloved by those born in it, used to it from birth. And
C(nintry, as when we say he is gone into the country,
and mean he is gone out of town, is simply in reference
to town, the dutch tui7i, garden, orchard, enclosed place
such as all towns formerly were, and still are on the
continent; and thus meaning, gone from an enclosed
place or town to the open land. The french contree
and Italian contrada, are the same word with country ;
but now supplanted in use by the termjE?^^^ in France^
and paese in Italy ; de contree en contree, is from one
country into another, from land to land. By the dutch
land, vaderland, is used as we use the term country.
All the country, all the people (inhabitants) of the land;
a country wench, as opposed to a town female ; country
people, as opposed to the inhabitants of the town in
point. C, Jc, and g interchange, the italian gridare^
Spanish gritar, the french crier, and our to cry, are the
same same word with the dutch kryen, kryten,

** Florinda danced the Derbyshire hornpipe in presen(9e
" of several friends." Tatter.

** Let all the quicksilver i' the mine

KURSXRY HHTMSS. 217

*' Run to the feet-veins, and refine

** Your firkum jerkum to a dance,

" Shall fetch the fiddlers out of France

"To wonder at the hornpipes here

" Of Nottingham and Derbyshire." B, Johnson,

" All the COUNTRY in a general voice,
" Cry hate upon him." Shakeap*

MEAT (formerly mete J ; food, fiesh-food, the meal ;
seems the dutch moet, fmoesj ; q, e, provision, eata-
bles, food, as grounded iu mo-en^ to cut, to mow, and
thus as that cut by both knife and tooth, withoul rela-
tion to the kind of substance ; to gwe a horse its
meaty is to feed it in the usual way for a horse. Give
him some food. The interchange of oe into e and ee^
is dialectical, our to meet and the dutch moeten are one
word, and so are grben^ green, groeten^ to greet, &c.
Thefrench mety metSy is our m^at, Mety mette, is
used in dutch for the delicate bits of pig-flesh.

" And thither some ^mbte for charite me sende
" To live upon." Cfhaucer.

" But sothe it is, right at his mother's %este

**Bifome Alia, during the 'met'w sj?ace

** The child stood loking in the king's face." Idem,

'* Strong oxen and horses, well shod and well clad,
** Well heated and used." Tusser,

IFood. SCommand, call, order; the dutch heet, kiet, 3Meal-
time, time of eating, dinner time.

MEAD (formerly meithj ; the strong liquor of our
fore&thers, prepared (probably by fermentation) from
honey, whence mede-hovey alehouse, the place where
mead was drank (already explained in this Essay) ; the
dutch mede^ but grounded, as appears to me, in maede^

2f

218 ASCHJBOLOOT OF

q, e, mowingjand for mowingywith which our97tea€^(for-

meiij medej is a same word, and meadow ^ as mctede-

hoeve : q, e, requiring to be mowed ; or else as maed^

ouwe^ mowing land, fit for mowing ; and honey being

the staple ingredient of meady and that a substance

collected by the bee from the flowery -mead ; mead

(the liquor) seems as that brought from the mead (m^ec^

dowj Mead is even now provincially used for a

remedy in some complaints ; hence probably the dutch

tnedicijne, medicine, physic, and medecijnj physician,

as well as the latin medere, to cure, to remedy,

medicuSy physician, and our medicine^ physic, m ethbg-

LiN, mead, strong liquor from fermented honey^ seems

the contraction of mede ee glije in ; q, e. mead always

-slips down the throat smoothly, gHdes down within us ;

ee, ever, always ; glije, the pres. pot of glijen^glyden,

«to glide down, along, up ; whence probably gUet, i^t--

merly glite, as •the complaint dLitinguished by involun-

•tary discharge of matter.

^' Though not so solutive a drink as meais yet it will
^^ be more grateful to the stomach." Bacon,

"** Come feeld with the pasture and head." Ttcsser,

4«

•4

Honey and milk, and sugar, there is three,
' Nay then two treys^ and <if you grow so nice,
' METHEGLiN, wort, and malmsey." Shakesp,

"" Embroudid was he, as it were a mbde (mead(yw)
^'All full of &e»h Aoiuds both white and rede."

Chaucer.

^* The incense, clotliis, and the Teranaunt al,

**' That to the sacrifise belonging shal,

**' The homys full of meith, as was the gyse,

'^ There laMiid nought to don ther sacrifise." Idem,

Ik TOE 4 one of the extremities of th« foot, seenw

NUBSSRY RHYMS8. 21^

simply, er toe ; q, e. there concluded, there at an end,
there a conclusion ; toe being the dutch adverb in the
iia^Ti oi Jinighedy at an end, concluded, and thus one
end of the entire frame to which the foot belongs.
The dutch term for toe is teen^ in a direct sense sprout^
tmg^ and so a sprout of the foot, a branch of the
foot.

•" Come all ye spirits

^^ And fill me from the crown to the tox, topfull
" Of direct cruelty." Shakesp,

TO AIL, to go on or continue being ill, to feel unwell,
to find ones self out of order ; seems toe ee ifle ; q, e.
to continue out of order, to go on giving s3rmptoms of
illness; toe ee^ for ever, to eternity ;^ ijley the part,
pres. of ijlen^ ylen, to be ill, out of order, not in the
due or natural state of health of either body or mind ;
whence our adjective ill^ in an undue state ; ijlen^ has
also the import to act in haste, to hasten, hurry;
to take ill, is to take without reflection, wrongly; ill-
done, is hastily done, done in a hurry, evil ; the
dutch evel, uvel, oevel, seems e fiel, q. e, bad going
on (see obs. p. \ 19 of this vol J ; e, ee, continuance^
indefinitely ; fcl,fiel, in an undue state, angry, cruel,
bitter. Eml it becomes you, it seems unnatural to you,
not your true state by nature. Evil he to those (him)
who evil thinks, is not the true, though usually adopted,
eijuivalent for honi soit qui maly pense ; q, e, shame,
disgrace be to him who thinks there is harm in this ;
where the old french honir, is the dutch honen, hoo-
nen^ to shame, to make game of, to disgrace, erom
HAND TO MOUTH ; by labour, as in to live from hand
to mouth, to live by one's own labour ; seems vrom
hand toe moed ; q, e,. with an industrious hand there i»
an end to anxiety, in reference to want of bread, living,,
means of existing ; he that is able and willing to work
need not fear want ; a sentence belonging to a former
state of society, and then a sound truth ; at present only

2f3

220 ARCHiEOLOGT 09

hypotheticallj so with us, from the unnatural state in
^mich long mismanagement has placed our coun-
try ; www, industrious, strenuous ; handy the type of
labour, of which it is the instrument; mo$dy moeye^
anxiety, trouble, vexation.

" I can get my bread from hand to mouth, and make
" even at the end." L' Estrange.

** And the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven,
"and said unto her, what aileth thee Hagar?
"fearnot!"G^«.xxi. 17.

" Love smird, and thus said; Want joined to desire is
** unhappy, but if he nought do desire, what can Her-
" aclitus AIL ? Sidney.

" Yet praie I you no evill ye ne take

** That it is short which that I to you write.*' Chaucer.

* Of horrid hell can come a devil more damn'd
"In EVILS to top Macbeth." Shakesjp.

"Ah forward Clarence! evil it beseems thee

" To flatter Henry and forsake thy brother." Idem,

" evil is what is apt to produce or increase any pain,
" or diminish any pleasure ; or else to procure us any
"evil, or deprive of any good." Locke.

A thief (formerly iheff); the dutch dief^ which
seems as er die heffe ; q. e. there the one takes away,
here is the one who carries o£f, indefinitely ; or it may
be as er de heffe ; q, e. there the carrying off, taking
away ; heffe^ in the one case the pres. pot. of heffen^ to
take up, off, hence our to heave; in the other the
part. pres. of that verb. A thief in the candle^ er
sie heffe in de kant till; q, e. see there a projecting at

XURSERY RHYMES. 221

the side (in reference to the wick) take it away ; kant^
side ; till^ the imperative of iillen, to take away, lift
up, whence the latin tollere,

" Jak then, quoth the paramour wher is the thefp ago ?
"I n'ote, quoth Jak, right now he left me fro."

Chaucer,

** Thei fthe monks) ben false, thei ben vengeable,

•* And begile men in Christ'is name,

" Thei ben unstedfast and unstable ;

** To traie their Lorde, 'hem think no shame ;

" To servin God thei ben full lame

** Godd'is THEVES, and falsely stele;

*• And falsely Godd'is worde defame.

" In winning is ther world's wele.'' Idem.

" Four and twenty times the pilot's glass
** Had told the thievish minutes as they pass."

Shakesp.

THEY APE ALL GONE TO HELL ; as the annunciatiou
of the riddance of some pillaging incapable gang, either
in regard to public security or else management of state
affairs; but seemingly a travesty of a cotemporary
sentence in relation to the then intruding establishment
of monkhood among the restive and unmystifiedly re-
ligious Saxons; t'eer Haer all goe n^ toe helle ; q. e,
obliterate hell, and there's an end to the monks liveli-
hood; without his patent (self-manufactured) hell, the
Friar would have nothing to live by. By the Saxou
no such conundrum was believed in, or seems even to
have ever been heard of till the visit of the papal mis-
sionaries, with whom it was used as a means of alarm
and extortion. Haer^ hair-cloth, frock; type of
Friar ; ^oe, goede^ property ; '», m, bringing in ; toe^
excluded, out of the question.

A PAIR OF SCISSORS ;

fscissarsj ; seems the contraction of, er byer of^

%22 ARGHilOLOGT OF

schie, hijse^ o^er*8 ; q. e. by that there separation, part-
ing, catting is completed, this is that by which taking
off, disuniting, carving out, is performed ; of^ off, from,
separated ; schie^ the contracted part. pres. of sckieden^
to cleave, to disunite, evidently connected with schey^
derif to depart ; hi^se, the same of the verb hijsen^ to
cut, to mutilate ; o'^r, over's, is over, is done. John-
son derives the term from the latin tcisstcSy cut, but
scissors are to cut by or with ; besides where is the
analogy of form in the two vrords ? The '^, as is, ac-
counts for the plural form of a sole instrument, which
it is. As the adjunct of another term, the word it
vsed in the singular form, as in a scissor-grinder,
CHissEL, as schie hisse el; q, e. that which parts, cuts
something else ; whence the french ciseau, in the same
sense. And their plural ciseaux (scissors) is another
proof of what has been constantly stated in this
Essay, that french terms are often the direct transla-
tions of the analogous english ones. For the pliural
termination of scissors we have above accounted.
The a and o in over, aver, over, proves both scissors^
imd scissarSy to be true spellings.

*' When the lawyers and tradesmen brought in extra^
** vagant bills. Sir Roger wore a pair op scizzors in
" kis pocket with which he would snip off a quarter of
" a yard nicely.'* Arhuthnot,

^^ My master preaches patience, to him, and the while
''His man with scissars nicks him for a fool."

Shakesp.

A KID ; as the young of the goat ; seems er cuyde ;
g, e. there that which is eaten (chewed,) and thus as
that which in former days was the staple flesh meat
(table food) of the community, and still is in Spain
and Italy to the middle and lower classes ; with us re*-
flnement has now substituted the sheep and lamb as its

NUR8EBT BHYMBS. 223

representative; see art. wether, p. 1(52 of this vol.;
the goat is no where an article of human food. In
KiBKNAPPER, as the one who Uvea bj stealing those of
his kind, kid is the same word, and kidknapp^^
kuyde nae happe*r ; q, e. what he eats is all dependent
upon chance ; his meals are all the result of mere acci-
dent, it being a trade for the supply of which no
market is had by society, in which he is held a public
nuisance, a kidney, seems so named from a culinary
purpose and to be as er kuijde rC heye ; q. e, there
the preparing it for eating gives no trouble, the eating
in this case costs no pains ; in relation to its being in a
state fit for the table by merely putting it on tbe fire
without further preparation and having no bone as an
obstacle to eating, which is not the case with other parts
of meat ; heye^ npe^ the pres. pot. of heijen^ hijen^ to
vex, to give trouble to. But in the well known ex
pression, they art all of one (a) kidney^ in the im-
port of, they are all of a same family (sort, kind, natuie),
it is as lom^^ the lower part of the animal body at the
back of which the kidneys are placed, as well as tha
organs of generation in both sexes, and thus the cause
of animal production in a metaphorical sense ; and we say
they are sprung from the same loins^ and mean from a
same &ther or mother or both. In the dictionaries we
find either no et3rmology for the term or else one worse
than none. Johnson says there is none (meaning
of course that he has found out.)

" Think of that ▲ man of my kidney ; think of that,
^' that am as subject to heat as butter ; a man of con-
^' tinual dissolution asd thaw." Shakesp,

" Thou slander of thy heavy mothers womb I

** Thou loathed issue of the fathers loins !!" Idem.

•" Yet from MY LOINS

" Thou shalt proceed, and from thy womb the Son
** Of God most high." Milton.

224 ARCHJSOLOGT 09

In KIDNEY-BEAN it is merely as an analogy to the form
of its seeds so called from their shape, loin, as in loin
of mufion, is in reference to its being one of the lower
ides of the sheep's body. The dutch for kidneys^ is
nieren, probably connected with, if not grounded in,
neer, neder, below, beneath, and thus that placed in or
belonging to, the lower part of the body. The now
provincial term to kithe, to know, to become known
to, seems as fu kit; g. e. to you known, known by
you ; kit^ known ; t'u, by you. In some counties t?ie
kithe,, has the meaning of gewent^ queynty ***♦ as
explained p. 122. 1. 9. of this volume, in the im-
port of that by which the sex in point is known.

" The people lay in wait for our children and may be
" considered as a kind of kidnappers within the law."

Spectator.

*' For but if Crist miracle upon The kithe
"Withoutin gilt thou shalt be slaine as withe."

Chatieer.

** thought that wrote al that I met (dreamed J
" And in the tresorie it set
" Of my braine, nowe shall men yse
" If any virtue in The be,
«* To tellin all my dreme aright,
"Now xiTHE thy engin (genius) and thy might."

Idem.

TO DROWN ; seems toe de rozm'n ; q. e. all over, in
peace ; all at an end, no more to be seen, quite gone
out, all trouble away, and thus simply an indication
of death, without expressing the mode, kind, or speci-
fying how it happened ; the term is never used but in
connection with some other implied or expifessed which
determines the sense ; as he was drowned at sea ; &c.
Johnson gives no etymology, but says others derive it

NURSERY RHTMIS. 225

the word from the anglo saxon druncniah^ and others
from the ^erman drunder (under) ! The true import of
the word is, to free from trouble, to set at rest, to get rid
of care, of that state which is for ever liable to trou-
ble. To drown dull care^ is to get rid of dull care ;
to drown the land with water ^ is to put it out of sight,
to get rid of the sight of it; to drown the voice of the
people, is to get rid of it, to put an end to it by force,
power, threats, &c., to drown the human scream by a
louder noise, as is done by one or more drummers while
the sufferer is being flogged and flayed, is to stifle, put
an end to the hearing of the screams by the bystanders,
and thus a compliment to human nature. The dutch
for to drown is verdrinken, to overdrench. A crimp,
a seducer of people for the colonies, army, &c. seems,
er keye rieme' p ; q, e, there a tying up the fool, by
this the fool is enslaved, made the tool of another;
rieme, the part. pres. of riemen, to bind, to tie round ;
'/;, up ; but to crimp, in the sense of to cause to shrink
up, contract, to make short or crisp to the taste, is
the dutch krimpen, to contract, to shorten. Thought,
undisclosed conception of the mind ; the dutch docht,
gedocht, dacht, gedacht, the past part, of dencken,
dincken (to think), and seems grounded in dingen, to
judge, to construct within the mind, to form things
within the head, of which the substantive is ding, thing;
in the same direction of sense as the latin reor, reri, is
the verb of res, ret, re, thing, cause. Thatched;
seems as daecht, covered over, over-clouded, the past
part, of daecken, to obscure from above, to cloud over ;
and thus simply as covered, without relation to straw or
other material ; a thatched ham or house, is a covered
in bam or house, a house or bam with a roof ; hence
thatch as roof, and to thatch, to cover in, to roof, but
now used with us in relation to straw, as the material
for that purpose ; in former days perhaps the usual (if
not only) mode of covering the then dwellings. De-
cency ; seems to come out of decken, to cover, to con-
ceal, in relation to the practical and simple covering of

2g

226 kUCUAOLOQY OF

nakedness (as with the fig-leaf by Adam and Eve) and
subsequently to that of dress in all its refinements, as
well as to the moral actuating of the mind in regard to
propriety in speech and conduct in life ; hence the latin
decere, decorare, decorum, and our own analogous
terms, as well as the term deck, as the cover to the hold
of the ship or boat, and the verb to deck, to dress out,
to cover with dress. Decken is also used for to cover,
in relation to the stallion and mare. ConfuBum cum
virtute decorum est, sed mente et cogitatione dieting-
uitur ; " virtue and decorum are not to be confounded
together, the one is the result of natural good feeling,
the other of reason and reflection" (from a hidden,
unseen, source) ; the thema of the stock is de-en, do-en,
to enclose ; and also to do, act. To crack a bottle ;
an almost superannuated phrase for to drink convivially
with a friend ; seems, toe kere raecke er hottel; q. e.
the bottle coming to turning up, and thus to the empty-
ing ; here you see the bottle reaching the topsy turvy
point, as it does when the last drop is poured out of it ;
kere, the part. pres. of keren, keeren, to turn round;
raecke, the pres. pot. of raecken, reycken, to reach,
to arrive at ; hottel, bottle. But crack, as the sound,
is an onomatopy or sound imitation, and a same word
with the dutch ^Tfl^c^•, kra4:k ; hence cra^A;er, as the well
known squib, fire work ; the crack of a whip, is the
noise of a whip, and a crack, as a breach or break, is as the
noise preceding, or accompanying, the act of breaking.
Crack'hrained, as crazy, half mad, seems, keye raecKe
heredend ; q, e, inducing the thought that the standard
of a madman (fool) is arrived at; persuades you that the
mark of a wrong-headed one is reached ; heredend, the
part. pres. of hereden, to persuade, to reason into the
sense of, and sounds trained, A buh-bailiff ; as one
employed to arrest for debt, seems, er homme hp ee lijf;

f. e. there a shutting up of the body by law, there a con-
nement of the person by legal means ; homme, the
part. pres. of hommen, to enclose, to confine ; grounded
m hommCy bung, as that which stops up. The bruisera.

NURSfiRT RHTMBS. 227

use the phrase to hung up his eyes^ in the sense of to
close by the fist. Ee, law; lijf^ lief, body. Johnson
says it is a bailiff of the meanest kind, and as hound
and Bailiff! The slur upon the term is the word
homme resounding into hum in the common sense of that
word, and is that which prevents it's general use at this
day; in its true form it implies nothing more derogatory
than Bailiff\ a Sheriff's officer, does.

'* Go, Sir Andrew, scout me for him at the comer of
** the orchard, like A bum-bailifp." Shakesp.

A SPUNGING'-HOUSE ;

as the bailiff's house, to which, as matter of favour, he,
in certain instances, takes an arrested debtor or a sus-
pected criminal ; seems, er spon Je hinge hou*s ; g, e.
there the spoon reminds you that it is a favour; there
what you eat puts you in mind that it is an indulgence
to bring you there, in allusion to the extortions for what
is eaten or provided in sudi a place, and which if ob.-
jected to, the taking to a worse is the alternative ; spon,
apaen, spoon, ladle, as the principal utensil of the table,
and probably before the use of the fork (the
predecessor of it) the type of it, and thus that of eating,
meal, food ; hinge, the pres. of hingen, henghen, to
recollect, to remind ; hou, houro, kind to, grateful to,
indulgent towards.

** A bailiff kept you the whole evening in a spungino
<• HOUSB." Snnft,

BUSY, alert, actively employed, providently indusr
trious, attentively active ; the same word with the dutch
hesigh ; and formerly spelt with us hesy, deriving, I sus-
pect, from hesien, to look carefully after, to inspect, and
thus as acting with attention, diligently, industriously ;
we say as husy as a Bee, and a Bee, is the type of in-
dustry and minute attention. In the phrase to do his
business, in the sense of to kill or put an end to, the
import is in to do, as the dutch toe doe, putting an end

2Gd

32d ABCHiBOLOGT OF

to, doing for, and thus as, putting an end to actwity^,
power of action, and so life. To do for a man is to
Kill him, knock him up. To do his businesSy as in the
phrase, he is gone to do his business, in the import un-
derstood bj every one, seems as, gone to do that which
no body can do tor him, and thus specially his own hu^
finesSy as admitting of no second hand performer.
By Chaucer, busy is spelt both with the u and with the
e. Johnson and Home Tooke derive the term from the
A. S. byrgian^ which the former says, is occupied.

** Thou then that so busie (watchfully) dredest nowe
** the swerd and the spere, of thou haddest entered in
" the pathe of this life, a pore waifaring man, then
" wouldest thou sing before the thefe, as who saith a
" pore man that bereth no richesse on hym by the waie,
** maie boldly sing befome theves, for he hath not wherof
" to be robbed." C/iaucer, Boeth.

*^ I wol not cal it but illusion

" Of haboundaunce of love and besy cure (care)."

Idem.

** A man shall win us best with flattery
" And with attendance, and with besikess fattentionj
** Ben we ylimid (takeny caught) both the more and

less." Idem.

** Ye knowin wel lord, right as her desire,
" Is to be quickened and lightened of your fire,
*' For which she folowith you full besily." Idem.

" Full faire was Mirthe, full longe and high,

" A fairer man I never sigh (looked at)j

'' As rounde as an aple was his face,

" Full roddie and white in every place,

" ^Fetis (nimble, agile) and well ^beseie." Idem.

'* He was wont to seken the causes, whens the sowning

NURSERY RUTM»g. 22§

" windes moven and ^besien the smothe water of the
** se." Idem. Boeth.

iThe dutch t>i*«, agile, quick. 2Well behaved to all, attentivt,
the part. pres. of besigen, to employ. 3Agitate, ruffle, cause to work
aad stir, l Beheld; the dutch sichtCf the prsBt. of sichteUf to look at,
the verb of sic/U, gesichtf sight, also prospect, show, face, counte-
naace, here spelt sigh to rhyme with high, a custom with Chaucer
in regard to many other words. For Busy-body, see vol. 1. of this

The lord's supper ; the communion of the Catho-
lick, and since that of other Christian Sects ; seems,
die lord's supp er ; q, e, let the one who is deceived
(imposed upon) take a sup there ; let hhn who is entic-
ed from the heathen to the christian belief, take a sip,
a taste ; and is as the sneering expression of the un-
converted Saxon upon seeing that christian solemnity
performed by a missionary ; but, from the true import
having been lost in the course of time and change of
dialect, has been retained by the Caiholick Church
to the present day; die, he who; lord, the past,
part, of loren, to impose upon, to defraud ; supp,
the imperative of suppen, to sup, to sip ; '«, is, is.
DowjJ (downs) as in Salisbury downs, Sussex downs,
the downs, &c. ; the dutch duin, with which the french
dune, dunes is a same word ; and means shallow in
reterence to either land or water ; place or places where
land or water is not deep, and in regard to land unsuit-
able for the usual tillage of the farmer. The downs,
as where the fleets are moored for safety, are the places
where the water is not so deep as in the Channel, and
consequently safer and less liable to the effects of high
or contrary wind. Les dunes de Calais, are the Calais
downs in the above sense. The term seems from dunne,
dun^ din, thin, shallow, not deep.

'* To compass this his building is a town,

230 ARCH^OLOOT OF

" His pond an ocean, his parterre a down." Pope.

'* Hills afford pleasant prospects, as they must needs
" acknowledge who have been upon the downs of
" Sussex." Itay.

** O'er hills and sinking bogs, and pathless downs.**

Gay.

A hackney; something for an occasional purpose,
only as long as wanted ; seems, er hack (hack J n' ee ;
q, e, in this case it is the occasion, no more ; here it is
the accident (chance happening) no further, not for a
continuance, not for ever, not as fixed, settled ; with
which the french haquenee is a same word. A hackney
coach, is a coach for the occasion, and then dismissed,
no longer wanted, no longer used ; a hackney writer^
is a writer hired for the purpose in view, and no longer ;
a hack horse, is a hired horse, one taken for the occa-
sion ; a hackney, as a pony or horse used for common
riding, in distinction from the hunter, race-horse, and
those of higher class, is the dutch hackeneye, in the
same sense, and grounded in the above given phrase.

" That's no more than every lover

" Does for his hackney-lady suffer." Hudihras.

" Light and 'lewd persons were as easily suborned to
'^an affidavit for money, as post-horses and hackneys
** are taken for hire." Juacon,

1 Common people, the populace, perhaps a£ the dutch tuden,
UedeHf leyden, the populace ; Chaucer spells the word leuud, Uude,
iewde, lewid.

" And loved well to have a hors of prise,

** He wende to have reprovid be

" Of theft or murder, if that he

*^ Had ki his stable an hackenaie." Chaticer,

NURSERY RHYMES. 231

Br THE LIVING God ; a well known adjuration, ori-
ginating from a true and natural expression, called to
the mind by some occasion of alarming position in
which personal harm is foreseen ; by de Itje u hinge
God / q, e, with you (us, every one) the being in distress
reminds us of God; with every one danger recalls
the Almighty into the mind ; hinge y remembers, brings
to mind ; u^ you, as one of all of us; the phrase sounds
as the travesty, which in literal import is nonsense ; who
ever heard of God asa being with incorporated life, sub-
ject to death ? Lewd ; amorous, unduly ardent for the
practical conclusion of love ; seems, lije huw-hijd ; q,
e. suffering, tormented with the desire of marriage
(being coupled) ; uneasy, worried to be coupled with
the other sex ; huw^ houw, matrimony, marriage, the
one of the one sex held to the one of the other, of which
humeriy houwen^ to hold is the verb ; lijCy suffering;
h\fdy the past. part, of hijen, to torment ; ij, sounds e ;
h, no letter ; so that original and travesty have a pre-
cisely same sound and sense. Johnson, as usual, wnen
at a loss for a source or root, fetches one from his anglo
saxon magazine, whence not a word of our language
ever came. The dutch equivalent is oniuchtighyim"
modest, unchaste, lascivious.

THE silent woman (as an inn sign) ;

represented by the figure of a woman without a head ;
fhije's yle, entwam aen; q, e, is the traveller tired
(distressed by his journey) let him stuff something into
his guts ; if he is fatigued let him refresh by putting
something into his stomach, let him engraft his bowels
with what is to be had here; t/le^ the part. pres. of
ylen, to be distressed, fatigued ; ent, the imperative
of enten^ inten^ to put in, to stick on, to engraft ;
feam^ ivamme, belly, stomach, womb; '*, w, is, '^
yle ent sounds silent. The hare and hounds;
(tor the rationale of the present Inn Signs see cross
KEYS p. 78.) fhlje harre hand hounnd'a; q^ e.

132 ▲Rca.AOLOGT or

for the traveller (labourer) reposing along with attention,
18 that which is received here ; harre^ the part. pres.
of harren^ to take up an abode, to abide in, to stay at ;
hou^ houns^ favour, attention, kind treatment; *nnd^
inndy the past part, of iftnen, to get or bring within.
The goldbn lyon ; fhije gulden ; lye on ; q. e,
for the traveller good fare within, an end to suffering;
for the labourer a feast (something to eat and drink),
and an end to fatigue ; gulde^ fare, feast, treat, victuals
and drink; on^ in^ at an end, in, over; lye, the part,
pres. of lyeUy lyden, to be in distress, tired. The
SILVER LYON ; fhijc's ijle vere, lye on ; q, e. to the
tiring one (traveller) it is folly to go on (farther), rest is
to be had here (fatigue is at an end here) ; ijU, the
part. pres. of ijlen^ yUn, to be crazy, to be foolish
(mad) ; x>ere^ the part. pres. of veren, veeren, vaeren^
to go on, to proceed. The white lyon; fhij wic
hyty lye on ; q, e. for him who is out of breath
(knocked up) a place to repose at (to end his present
distress) ; Ay, he, the one ; hyt, the pres. of kyen^ to
pant, to be out of breath. The red lyon ; fhtje reed
lye on; repose ready for the tiring traveller; reed^
gereed, reaay at hand. The antelope inn; fh^
den tuijle oppe, inne ; q, e, for the traveller knocked
up, toiling on, the thing is for him to come in here (this
is the place for him to come into) ; tuijle, the part, pres,
of tuijlen, to toil, labour hard ; aen, on the point ; op^
ojjpe, up, done up, knocked up. The hen and chick-
BNs ; t'kije hen hand schicke 'n's ; q, e, for the trav-
dling one, accommodation is always at hand within,
from here; fhtje, the travelling people; hen, hence
from here; schicke, the part. pres. of schicken, to accom-
modate, to suit. The golden cross ; tliije guide en
kroea ; q, e. for the traveller, victuals and drink, din-
ner and hquor; en, end, ende, and. The black dog ;
fhije helacke, dog ; q, e, to the traveller a tempting
place, let him avail himself of it ; drtg, the imperative of
dogen, deughen, to avail, to be of value to. The plough ;
ihtje ple^ houw ; q, e. to the traveller attention is paid.

HVRSISRT miYMSS. 2^

in reference to the Yvofocie so inscribed ; hoUiv^ &vour^
useful conduct ; plee the part. pres. of plee^eti, ple^n^
to enact, to perform, to play. Ths Bugle ; fhvfe InJ
heug eel; q, e. t6 the traveller along with comfort,
beer (ale) is to be had \ for the labonrer bedsides com-
fort strotfg liqtior; hij^ with, besides, aloiig with;
heugh, heug^ comfort ; eeli ael, ale. (For explanation
of other inn-signs see cross keys, p. 78; dancing
uksiEn,p, 139, atid Btrtt £^d aovtn; p. 149 of thfS
eblumej

TO SPLIT hairs;

to oVemgfine in argument; setems toe splitte e^r^s :
q. e, to dividing there is no end ; distinguishing is only
within the scope of eternity, there is no limit to unne-
necessafry distinctions; implying over inquisitiveness
is an absurdity, unnatural. Splitte, splijte, the part,
pres. of spfittefi, splijten, to split ; ee, eternity, that
which lasts beyond the reach of our conception ; hairs,
is the aspirated echo of ee>*8 ; V, er, there ; ^8, is, is.
A NINE DAYS WONDER ; as a sight, event, however sur-
prising at first, not so beyond a limited time; no
longer so after we become used to it; er nae hijen
dCees woond er ; q, e, in this case after astonishment the
rule of our being is the getting used to it,, after surprise
the law of our nature is that we become accustomed to
it, that we are no longer astounded by the same thing ;
nae, after; hijen, to pant from excitement^ to gape' or
gasip from wonder, to be affected by that which is seen
or heard, to be disturbed from qitiet ; ee, rule, eternal
law ; 70oond, the past part, of woonen, gewoonen, to
accustom, to become used to, familistr with, to dance
ATTENDANCE ; to solicit a favour in person, in reference
to the one in and the othfer out of power, office ; toe
d'hans at tehe d'hans ; ^, e. food to the common one
is teazihg the great otle, the mean one (the fellow) gets
provision by worrying the one above him ; hans has both
the import bf one of the lower ordet and also of one of
the higher; hans, the great one, grandee, the highest

2h

234 ARCHiBoiiOeT or

in office, the uppennost in power; tene^ the part,
pres. of teneUj to irritate, teaze, worry; to inflame.
From hansen^ henseny to admit into the priviled^ of
a society or company, to raise to a higher stage m so^
ciety ; we have our to enhance^ to advance, to raise
higher, to elevate, of which han$ is the source ; and
also our to hansel, to fee, to bribe.

Men are sooner weary to dance attskdancb at the
gates of foreign lords, than to tarry the good leisure
** of their own magistrates." Bcdeigh,

A fool's xrband ; a useless embassy ; a trip for no-
thing ; an unrequited trouble ; er foolers arre *nnd ;
q. e, this is a case where the playing the fool with ano-
ther is merely incurring anger in return ; by serving
him so it is doing that which will enrage him ; foole^
the part. pres. of foolen, to play the fool with, to make
ridiculous ; arre^ the antiquated fonn of erre, ire, an-
ger, rage; ^nnd^ innd^ the past. part, of mn^'n, to get in,
to bring in. Foolen has also the import of to touch,
and is the same word with the dutch voelen and our
to feel. To feel a loss, is to be touched by the sense
of the loss in point ; to feel in health, is to be aware of
(sensible of, alive to) the being in health, in a moral
sense analogous to the physical or practical import of
the term, a mob ; a sudden and irregular assemblage
of people occasioned by some exciting event ; seems er
moe 'p : q, e, there mind (spirit animation) raised
by some exciting event; there we see the spirit in
motion, disturbed ; or it may be as that the appearance
of which is the cause of alarm (trouble, fear) to the
mind of him who sees the people in such a state ; and
thus either as that caused by excitement from else-
where, or as that which causes excitement to elsewhere ;
/? and 6 being interchanging sounds, moe'p travesties
into moh ; *p, op, up, raised ; moe, maed, mind, spirit,
humour. In the phrase mob-cap, undressed cap, it is
also as moe'p ; in relation to the wearer as tired, in

HUBSBRT ttHnOBB. 235

mint of rest ; and thus as that worn for privacy and
retirement from the business of the day ; mo^, moed^
trouble, vexation, molestation, and also fatigue, state of
being tired, in want of relaxation ; if mol, is not as
the contraction of moete^ leisure, idle time, time of
rest, and thus as that worn when at home, at lebure
within. MOP, I take to be as mas ap ; q. e, dirt taken
up, filth taken away; maey maede^ mud, dirt. But
WMp in the antiquated expression of mop and mow, I
should say w,as as mo^'p ; q. e. spirit on high, in high
spirit, elevated state of mind, and the phrase to be as
mo^'p hand vfChowm ; q, e, spirits up, the expression
of their being so soon becomes evident ; in high spirits
the consequence is the exhibition of it by cheerfiuuess
and exclamation, rejoicing expressed by the voice;
haufVy acclamation, joyful exclamation, utterance of
cheerfulness, she set her cap at him, in the sense of
the female in question's trying to inveigle the noodle in
view ; sehie $ett tr keye '/>, at himme ; q. e, it being
completely settled that the one in point is a fool ; it
whispers within (the mind suggests) that he is a proper
subject for prey; perfectly convinced that there is a
ioo\ to deal with, it is felt that he should be made of ser-
vice to the one in point, and has in fact no more relation
to the female than to the male, but that schie sounds
9he : sett, gesetty the past part, of setteuy to set, to fix,
to settle ; sehie, completely ; keye, fool, anothers tool ;
a/, prey, food ; himme, the part. pres. of himmen, to
Whisper, mutter within ; keye*p sounds cap.

*^ Each one tripping on his toe,

*' Will be here with mop and mow.*' Shakesp.

gallant;

as im the expressions, a gallant sailor, a gallant youth,
a gallant navy, a gallant sight or show. Oaeij
langt ; q, e, perfection (in r^ard to the object predi-

2ai

jB36 >^H4K)I^0^ Of

^ated) attained ; all tjbat could be desired or expc^t^
completed, and thus ^s the piin^ or quintescence in
regard to kind or subject in question, the very pitch or
summit of it. So th^t a g€Ulant sailor^ is as one of
the prime of his station, a gallant youth, navy^ ^ight,
fcc. are ^ the prime of their sort or kind, at the very
pitch of it. The Spanish galante^ gaian^ the italiaxi
galante, the french galant and the eii^lish gaUavU are
li same word- The jitaliaQ gdlant uamo is the french
galant homme^ and means an honest man, a fine fellow,
91L exalted specimen of his kind. Gaeijj gete^ g^de^
that which is desired bf all, wished for bv all that know
jit or see it, the object of every one*s ambition^ id quod
ita placet, fit eo potiri eelimtcs. Lan^t, ghela^t,
the past participle of Umghen^ langen^ to reach to, to
attam, to offer or present to, to hold out to. But OALr
Jjjsn (with the stress upon the last syllable) in relation
to an intriguing man or woman ; one whose object i^
practic^ love, venery ; one who makes the gratification
of Inst pr attainment of its profits the object of pmrr
auit, the business of life, termed by Johnson a wwr^
master, seems gej/l kwgi ; q. e. lasciviousness at the
highest pitch, the type of lewdness. The french phrase
Mn homzne galant, means a libertine, volatile lovor, a
;irhoi:empnger ; une femrrie galante, an intriguing vol^'
tilely aqaorous woman ; aflirt. Attraper unegalantefie,
i|3 toc^tch a disease generally consequent upon the pronii^-
(suous pursuits of the libertine. Geyle, gyte, gheyl^,
y%/e, lewdness, w^nionness; ghey^le langt, ^oun4s
gallant. Langt, as above explained. Ga^y langt,
sounds gallant, as we propounce it in relation to
the hrave ox fine one.

^^ A place of broad rivers, whereon shall go no gal-
^Uey, neither shall callamt ships pass thereby.''

Isaiah xxxiii. 21.

^' The gay, tl^e-^ise, tj^ qAX«LAX9T imd the grave,
*' Sub^HedMik^f a}1 b^t,qne pafl^sion hav^/' Waller,

KI7R8ERT RHYHSS. 237

''Scorn that any should kill his uncle, i;nade him
'' seek his revenge in a manner gallant enough."

Sidneff*

"But fare thee well thou art a gallant youih^^

" When first the soul of love is sent abroad,
*' The gay troops begin

'' In gallant thought to plume their painted wingsJ'

Thompson,

r" The new proclamation,

•" What is it for •?

•*' The reformation of our trayell'd gallants,

'' That fill the court with quarrel, talk and taylors."

Shakeep.

'' She had left the good man at home and brought away

'* her GALLANT."

'^ It looks like a sort of compounding between virtue
and vice, as if a woman was allowed to be vicious, pro-
vided she be not a profligate, as if there were a ce]:tain
point where gallantry ends, and ^nfamy [begiqs."

Smft.

OBS. With the above explained gcieyy the dytch
^f^y 9<^ (gay brisk, alert, full of alacrity, exhilara-
^ng) the dutch i^auw (clever, knowing) and our yo^
are evidently connected.

A TOP GALLANT MAST ; ^s the occasioual addition to
the main mast audits parts; seems er top aelangi
m'hcLesie ; q. e, there the object reached by additional
means of haste, there come up to by speeding o(b-
wards ; and thus as the increased means of reaching
the intended place, object in view ; fop^ up to, arrived
at; gelangt^ the past part, of langen^ to attain, to
reach, to anive at; m\ me^ mcitef by, with; kaesU,

^3S ARCH.«0L06T OF

hastening, speeding ; t'op sounds top ; m'haestCy nuut ;
gelangt^ gallant.

TO WEAR THE BREECHES;

misplaced authority ; rule yielded by the one naturally
entitled to it, to the one to whom it is unnatural ; seems
toe foeer de Bije rije schie ijse's ; q. e. to man the law
of the bee is quite disgusting, the order of things that
is maintained m the hive would be frightful with man-
kind, in reference to the dominion of the queen or she-
bee in the hive, as well as to her being the only she for
the use of the numerous heSy and thus a state of
things abhorrent to human nature. Original and tra-
vesty sound alike. JVeer an antiquated term for man^
male of the kind; see art. wether, jo. 163 of this
vol. ; rije^ rule, law, order ; schie^ quite ; ijse^ the part,
pres. of ysen^ to become horrified, stagnated, in r^ard
to a due state of feeling ; '«, is.

** Most master wears the breeches." Camd. rem. 308.

the shall pox ;

seems, dese mael el pocKs ; q. e. this spotting ^staiii,
marky has nothing to do with the pox, the disfigure-
ment of the face seen here is alien Moreigu, different^
to that of the pox ; and thus a distinction of two dis-
orders at that time of day /"previous to the use of mer-
cury, inoculation and the cow-pox^ attended by a
lasting disfigurement or staining of the face and body
of the infected one ; dese^ this ; ma^l^ spotting, stain,
mark, the same word with maeckel^ spot, macula^ and
the source of maelen^ to paint, and oi tnaeler^ painter.
Dese mael el pocJCs sounds the small pox^ which
Johnson derives from smaely little, and pox, the
inxepoxl El, alien; pocky pox; '*, i*, is.

gala;
as the expressions a gala day, a gala day at courts

KURSERT RHTXBS. %39

meaning a festival day, as one in which dress and show
were correspondently displayed by the frequenters.
Gae lae ; q. e. complete blaze, a perfect glare, flaming
finery ; in relation to the company or assemblage on
such days at the place in point. Ga^ ,q^^V^ gade^ as
explained in the article gallant. La^^ the contraction
of laeye^ laeying the participle present of lafyen^
iaedenj laden^ to blaze, to glare, to flame, to flare. A
gala coat^ is a fine coat or dress, one suited to the fes-
tival in point. The english, italian, french and Spanish
gala^ are groundedly a same word, and the travesty of
the above phrase. The term has employed the facul-
ties of a variety of etymologists, all difiering in
results and all, to me, in error. Johnson has
not the term in his dictionary. The word is defined
in the Spanish Academy Dictionary as quod in aliquo
genere primas hahet vel excellens est^ but this does
not account for the terminal /a, and no etymology
is given. The Spanish has the phrases la gala del
pueblo^ the female who shines about all the rest of the
village ; the prodigy of the place. Gala en el deeir,
ehoiceness of diction. Dia di gala^ a festival
day.

CHERRY ;

seems the french cerise^ Italian ciriegiay latin eerasus^
greek kerasos. The old term for our native cherry
was kerse^ the dutch karse^ karsy the german kirse,
from the thema ka^ ka^en^ to bum, to glow, whence
the greek kaein. And kerse our native cherry is as
the red, glowing coloured fruit. Cress, in water-cress^
is the metathesis of the dutch kersse in the same im-
port, and grounded in the above ka^en^ as the plant
With a hot burning taste, which in fact it is.

4<

** Shore's wife had a pretty foot,

A cunnRYMp, a passing tongue.*' Shakesp.

240 ABCHAOLOGT 09

'^I warrant them cnJtKtLY'Cheeked cotmtty giiltf/*

Con^reve.

*' For fro the time that he had kist her era

^* Of paramours he set not a ^KitRS

*• For he was heKd of his malady e/' Chaucer.

**For to hody ne to soul this vailyth not a 'karse."

Chaucer,

iFor the use of this term in the sense of a thing of no value, see
article curse vol. 1, p. 137 of this Essay.

MY HEART BLEEDS ; as wheD we say my heart bleeds
for him or her^ and mean suffers^ is in a state of dis-
tress ; seems, my aert bij leed's ; q. e. my feeling is
with the injured, my mind (natural sensation) is with
the one that is wronged ; my, my, to me, that which
belongs to me ; aert, aerd, aart^ natural sense, nature,
mind, genius ; leed, the pari, past of lijden, to suffer ;
&y, with, beside, along with; leed, the substantive is
injury, vexation, pain. In literal form the phrase n
an absurdity. Aert aspirated sounds heart; h no
letter.

lOUSE

(plural lice J ; tuys, luis, in germau Idiess ; derived by
Bilderdijk from luij, loij, leij, slow, torpid, inactit^ate,
with which the Celtic laou is a same word. Hence
leysiffhy luysigh^ losigh, whence our lazy and loiiay.
Lice, seems lijs, lys, slow, idle, and hence as analo^onn
in sense to louscy used by us for its plural, in dutch
luijsen, Laeuw, slow, inanimate flaeuw^herttgh^
cold-hearted, cold-blooded) is of this stock evidently.
RAIN ; regen, as reAng, the part. pres. of the thema
re-en, to pour out, to run out, whence the greek reein,
rein ; or eke as rejen, rijgen, reijen, reghen, to tiiak^
lines, to come in streaks. We say how it pours t and
mean how it rains. It rains cats and dogs, has been

JRFmSIET RBTIilt. 241

explamed before. Tidt, used £Drmerly m the sense
of seasonable, timely, indue time, is the dutch tpdi^^
in the same meaning, grounded in tifen, iyden^ tp^en^
to go on, to draw on ; whence tpde^ time, our ttde^ as
the flowing or progress of the river, time as going on,
duration oi progress, UdingSy as news or reports xk
goings on, ana our antiquated Mdde^ now betide. But
tid^ in the import of cleanly, neat, decent, pains taking
in all that relates either to personal or household ap-
pearances; seems, f hydMe; q, e. pains taken to the
utmost pitch, care applied as duly as possible, in refer-
ence to appearance m point of dress or house work ;
t\ te, too, utmost, indefinite exclusion ; hydy the past
part, of Mjen^ to take pains, to be anxious about ^ Me^
m this case, here. Tidyy is ^;enerally the epithet of the
female, as being more appropriate to the natural charac*
ter of that sex than to the male.

** If the weather be feir and tidib." Ttusep,

" Which at the appointed tide,

'* Each one did make his bride." Speneer^

'* As in the tides of the people once up, they want
^' not stormy winds to make them more rough. *'2^07».

>* How iEoeos

** Told to Dido every caas

" That him was tidde upon the se.'^ Chaucer,

(t

Before my eyes will trip the tidy lass»" Gay,

WsNT ; used by us as the prseterite of to go, seems
the dutch wendt^ the third pers. praet. o^roenden^ to turn
round, from, or to, to wind about; and thus another
verb ingrafted on that of to go, and so are all the ir-
r^ular praeterites in our language in which the forms of
the original regular tenses have dropt out of use in the
oourse of time. He ivent homey and he turned home,

2i

244 ABOHitOLOGT or

-'' I fear tb;f nataie.

^' It is too full of THB MILK OF humaii kindnesfy
*^ To catch up the nearest way." Shakesp.

Carrion (fonnerly carainej ; tainted flesh; seems,
kar rije an ; q, e. vomit is fonning within, a sense tiX
sickening arises within, in reference to the one who sees
or perceives by scent, the corrupting flesh in point ;
hence the old dutch karanie, the Italian ccarrogna^ and
firench charogne ; and the latin caries (rottenness) is,
in my mind, as kar hie^s ; q, e, here is that which is
turning into another state, or else as into a state that
will turn the stomach ; for kareriy koren^ keeren, to
vomit, is at bottom the same word with keeretiy to tuin ;
and we says, it turned my stomachy and mean it made
me readv to vomit, almost sick. The term carriam is
applied both bv us, the firench and italians in it's rda-
tively modified forms in the import oi worthless siuj^,
good for nothing object. The now usual dutch term
for carrion is krenghe^ kreng ; apparently connected
with krencken^ to sicken. Mije^ the pres pot. of r^en^
to prepare, to make ready, to begin to do; on^ m,
within. Johnson derives the term from the latin care
fcarnisj flesh, but that is flesh in its due state, and
probably grounded also in karen, keeren^ in import of
to turn from one state to another^ ^n^ flesh ia by its
nature that which turns from what it is into another
state and finally in to the earthfrom whence it came. We
are all terrigenstot fratres (earth-bom brothers).

'* To all his hoste, and to himself also
'^ Ful lothsome was the stinke df his carairb.**

Chaueer.

^\ Sell all the carrion tor good meat.'* Hudibras^

*\ For love has made me carrion ere I die." Dryden»

"This foul deed shall smell above the earth

RUBSERT EHTME8. 245

*^ With cxKRion-men gtoaning for bnriai." Skak&gp.

i

' Shall we send that foolish carrion to him/' Idem.

Ladt-dat ; with the churchman, the day kept by him
in commemoration of the annunciation by (divine mes^
senger) angel to the holy virgin ; with the tenant, the
day he is called by custom to pay his rent, seems, leed
hie d'ee ; q, e* trouble is the order here, penance is the
rule here on this time, day ; and so in relation to the
pay-day of the tenant, not a pleasant one to him ; in re-
lation to religious observance by fast one not so agreeable
as one in the period of eating what could be got« hady'
day.^ in literal import, has no meaning, but in both
sound and sense is represented by the above given phrase.
Johnson gives no etymology, and refers it simply to the
25th of March, the day of the chiurch celebration of
the annunciation, Leedy vexation, suffering, hie; here
at this time; ee. rule, order. Mackrbl; the dutch
maeckereel, mcLckerel^ in the same meaning, whence
the french macqtiereau^ and the Italian macchiareUa,
evidently connected with the obsolete maeckel^ spot,
mark, speckle, whence the latin macula and Italian
maccMa, Probably as maecke hel; q. e. causing to
appear, making to be seen, and that is what is meant fay
9pot The french macqiiereau, macqitereUe, as he,
she pimp, seems one of the many whimsical perversions
to be found in that language, of the dutch terms (of
which an instance has been before given in their verb
hauleverser^ to turn upsy down, as the dutch bokier^
seuj to turn arse over head) and to be as maeckeiaer^
broker, stockr^broker, in the sense of love-broker^
copulation-broker, pimp, bawd, go betwem. A gras»»
hoppbr; the well known winged insect, seems, er
grae hofpe'r; q. e» thereby carrying off of grass, a de»
Youring of grass, a voracious appetite for grass is
there ; gras, grass, herbage ; Juippe^ the part. pres. of
happen^ to snatch away, to seize and carry off, to
devour. Johnson refers the term to its hopping up and

246 ARCHEOLOGY Of

down in the grass ! In a literal sense the term would*
imply a hopper made of (j/rass, and not a hopper in
thegrcLss, The first syllable ^ra«^ has bat one 8 ia
the dutch.

*♦ Gras-hoppers eat up the green of a whole country."

Bacon.

** Her waggon spokes made of long spinners legs
** The cover of the wings of grasshoppers." Sfuikeap.

It is possible the term may be ^&^ graa^oppeW ; q, e,
grass there off, taken from, eaten up ; but I think the
first given the true source. High gate ; now the village
on the summit of the hill so called, and one of the
many inlets and outlets of London, is probably as the
Saxon's, Hijc gatte ; q, e, vexing-road, that which has
a tiresome, fatiguing approach to it, in reference to its
hill ; hye^ as repeatedly explained ; gatte^ road, way to,
path. A LOUNGE ; as a walk in a slow torpid idle pace
and manner ; seems er lauw hinge ; q, e. nere we are
reminded of the the idle one, this calls to the mind the
idea of a listless being; lourvy lauw, torpid, lukewarm,
inanimate, listless ; hinge, the present tense of hingen,
hengen, to call to mind, to remember of, to remind ;
and louw, as in low-spiritSy I am low, Sfc,, is th«
same word louw ; hence the verb to lounge,

TO RUN down;

a« to run down a man, a book, a principle, &c., in the
sense of to decry, to stigmatize, to defame ; seems, te
r^ hin d'hoone ; q. e, decrying for such a cause seems
to have been too hasty ; dishonouring for this is prema-
ture, inconsiderate, and thus implying, to evince a hasty
inconbiderate condemnation in the case in point ; te roe,
too hastily, too quickly; hin, hence, from this, for
this ; d'hoone, the decrying, bringing shame upon, the
}:art, pies, of hoonen, to disgrace, to vituperate. 2e

KURSEttY RHYMES. 247

roe hiriy sounds as we pronounce to run ; dlwone^down.
To run, in the direct sense, is the dutch rennen. To
run at, to abuse, to decry ; seems, te rak'n luU; q, e,
along with deliberation, hatred has found a place ; and
thus become a part of the mind ; rae, raed, council,
mind, opinion ; hat, haet, hate, hatred, prejudice.
The art. to run in Johnson*s Dictionary is a perfect
wilderness, and one which he appears quite lost.

" Religion is run down by the licence of these times.**

Berkeley,

■*' The common cry

*' Then ran you down for your rank loyalty,'' Dri/den,

" When we see a man overborne and run down by
" them, we cannot but pity the person." South,

TO RUN mad;

to become suddenly mad ; te rae*n maed ; q. e. to be de-
prived at once of the character or nature of the s])ecies
in point ; to be cut off from the natural qualities which
characterized the kind belonged to. A mad dog, is a dog
deprived of the natural qualities which belong to his
sort, and which have been received from the sauie hand
as reason has been by man. See art, mad-cap : v,
I. p, 88. I, 16. mad, an obsolete term with us for
worm, is the same maede in the participial sense of
eating away, making away by corroding. From the
ori8;inal past part, of maed^ mad, we have made the
verbs to mad, to madden. To run mad for an object
in^view, is to lose the 'due controul of yourself from
the desire or longing to have it, and thus a merely me-
taphorical expression.

A MUCKENDfiR;

Che disused term for pocket handkerchief; seems, ^r

248 AKCHiBOLOGT Of

inaeek*ende*r ; q, e, what had collected ea& there,
this U that by which the secredon is taken away, and
formerly perhaps, in an indefinite sense, thaMby which any
kind of disgusting accretion was swept off. Maeeke^
makey collecting, gathering together, secreting accruing,
the part pres. of maeckeny makenj to makey said in
the same sense as we say to make watery i, e, to
produce, secrete water ; to make hay is to produce hay
nrom grass ; to make money, is to put together, accu-
mulate, gather together money, &c. The change of ae
into u is proved by various instances ; the dutch maedey
mady ana our mudy are a same word. To this stock
belong the dutch ma^^A:^/,spot,stain,indefinite aocretion,
whence the latin macuUZy in a same sensC; and maeulare^
to stain, to spot; the french fnoucJier, to blow the
nose, also to snuff the candle (lamp- wick), belong here,
in the import of to put the nose, candle, lamp into due
order, as when we say to make the hedy i. e, to put the
bed in due, required, state, and so does the french mou^
choir, pocket-handkerchief, and the Spanish mocadero,
in a same sense, as that by which the object in point
is put in due order.

" For thy dull fancy a huckbndbb is fit,

^ To wipe the slabberings of thy snotty wit" Dor$eL

crsah;

seems the dutch raem (compactness, substance) prefixed
by the completive gey g, and then geraem, graem,
compactness or substance by collecting or connecting
together ; ^, k, and c, are corresponding intermutations.
The german rahmy the gothick riomy the anglo saxoai
and scotch raemy and the dutch room are a same word
in the import of cream ; and so probably is rum^ as
the essential produce or portion of the juice of the
sugar-cane, xhe cream of a jest, is the essence, the
substance of a jest. The cream of tartar, is the
cfarystallised essence of tartar (the sediment of wine).

KVRSIBT EBYMSf. 1^9

La erkme dea honnetes genSy is the best of good fel-
lows, the essence of the body he belongs to. The
french cref^ is onr eream. In Italian it is fiore de
latte\ flower of milk, bloom of milk. But cream, b$
in cream-faeed (foolish looking) seems, k£f/e rae*m
fje»t : q, e. the guessing him a fool is fixed, the con*
jecture that he must be a fool holds fast thene,
Keye^ fool; roe, the part. pres. of raedefty to
guess, conjecture, deem ; vest (vast) fast, fixed, im-
fivinted, stamped. Johnson derives the term from the
latin eremoTy a sort of panada made from barley, others
firom the firench chreame, chriNm, holy oil ! others firom
Cremona the town of Lombardy, a part of Italy jre-
BOwned for pasture land and cheese! 'tt?, im, tn,
Oft, in.

** It is not your inky brows, your black silk hair,
** Your 'bugle eye balls, nor your cheek of ^crsaic
^That can entame my spirits to your worship."

Shakesp.

^ There are a sort of men whose visages,

*^ Do ^RSAM and mantle as a standing pond ;

*^ And do a wilfuU stifihess entertain,

^' With purpose to be drest in an opinion

*^ Of wisdom, gravity, profound conceit.'* Idenu

'^* Thou CREAM-FACED lown.

*^ Where gottest thou that goose-look V* Idem,

IDelight-mspiiiiig, channing ; seems beheuge ^ where hekeuge is
the part. pres. of heugken^ beheughen, to cause delight, pleasure,
joy ; el, elsewhere, all around. 2& here simply as whke, feir, at the
c<nOur whieh adorns the fiice of the female. ^Change its qsmI
dt natural appearance as cream does to milk; cloud, conceal tk*
truelook*

TO wiKDWARD ; tumed from the intended course in
regard to the steerage of the vessel; seems, toe roinde
mirrd ; q, e. oppoMd up to the point of turning round,

2k

350 ARCHiEOLOGT OT

contended with so as to be obliged to turn from the
intended direction or course ; toe, up to ; winds, the
part. pres. of winden, wenden, to wind rottnd, to turn
from or round; rvarrd, the past. part, of warren ,
merreny to contend with, to oppose, whence our to
war, as in the phrase to war with, to contend with.
Wind, in its direct sense, is the dutch wind, whence
the latin ventus, and seems as wiennd; q. e. that
which is perceived but not seen, that which comes
within one, that which is only known by its effects,
without which we should know nothing of it ; and the
phrase to wind, as to perceive, to come to the sense of,
to have an inward notice of, to suspect, is toe wis'nnd ;
g, e, to whom it comes into, within to, into whose mind
the affair in point is come into. Wvnden is an anti-
quated dutch term for to blow. But waepen, to blow
hard, to blow, seems grounded in weelien, to roar, to
make a loud noise, and we say how the wind roars ;
of which the thema is wee Twoe) a state ot* misery,
mishap, and consequent sighing out, ejaculation, cry-
ing, roaring. In the phrase he is gone to windward ;
in the import of he is come into a state of distress, it is
in the meaning of, he is unable to contend further with
the state of his means, and consequently obliged to give
way to what he can no longer oppose, struggle with. To
leeward, is also in the import above given to to wtMd'
ward, and seems as toe lije warrd ; q. e. opposed to the
degree of being vexed (distressed, in a state of suffer-
ance) in regard to the being unable to contend any longer
with that which opposes his intended course; Tije
sounds lee, and means^ a state of suffering, distress,
sorrow. A lee shore, seems er lije schore ; q, e. in
this case the shore is a case of vexation, here the land
is a subject of alarm, in reference to the state of the
wind being in a direction to prevent the intended course
being kept to ; schore, schorre, schoor, schoore, as
with Us. Leeway, as the direction of the ship against
the intended course, seems, er lije wehe ; q. e. there
sufiering, disappointment is blown, there blowing

KURSXBT RHYMIS. 251

comet against the intended course, there vexation is
poured out ; wehe^ the pres. pot. or else the part, pres^
of roeeken^ to blow^ to roar. Johnsoji's definition of to
foindward^ as toward the wind in his intended meaning
of going against the wind, is the reverse of true.
TOWARD (towards) is, I have no doubt, the dutch toe
waerd; q. e, goes on to, travels on to, walks on.to^.
advances lo ; where waerd^ is the third pers. pres. of
ftderen^ to wander, to walk on, to stray, to go on inde-
finitely; and so is the ward in onward^ onwards.
From 7^72^, as the shitting, perpetually changing (veer-
iag) element the dutch has its winden^ wenderiy to
wind, to turn round, to wind round or about. John-
son's explanation of to wind (to scent, to perceive) as
being in the import of to nose, to go on by the help of
the nose as a hound does, is a gross absurdity and.
completely groundless ; it is as the above explained toe
wie'nndy and thus a mental conception arising £rom
external effect or sensation, and does not depend on the
state of the air. forward; as advanced in point of
time, knowledge, distance, is voor waerd ; kept on
before, continued before; waerdy the past, pra^t. of
waeren^ to keep on, indefinitely ; to hold on, to keep
on going. A forward boy^ is one advanced in his
educational career. Forward fruit, is fruit ripened
before its natural or expecte time. Chaucer has the
word forward^ in the substantive sense of contract^,
agreement, where voor, is before, before hand; aud.
wardy as waerd, guarded, protected, and thus as that
• which is precautioned or guarded by an agreement or
condition; and waerd, is there the past part, of
waeren, to make aware, to guard against, to preserve ;
forward, as in the phrase a forward woman, i^ as one
who departs from the natural reserve and propriety in-
herent in the* sex; and seems as vor warrd^ marred,
put out of condition by the desire of pleasure, where
90QT<tfor, is the metathesis of vro, jpytul, full of the
sense of pleasure; warrd, confounded; marrd, as
above explained, and thus an unduly amorous female :

2x3

868 ABOHJBOLiMT OV

from this «rd, we have/ro in /rolickiomSy pla^rfvl, ftiH
ct merry tricks, a G008g(in dutch ^fheese^ with which
our plural ^eese is a same word) ; seems er go^ e$e ; f^
0^ there good eatiog, good nourishment, in relation to
the nature of its meat and its constant propinquity to the
&rmer*s home, and the size of the hutl above the rest
designed for the table ; the turkey in the saxons day,
beinff unknown in the region he belonged to; the
dutch gheese, geese^ seems, g^ ese ; q. e. eating for you,
fi>od for you ; go^^ goed, good ; e§ey the part. pres. of
eiefiy to feed, to eat ; gif^ thou, to thee. Spelt by Chau-
cer ga$e. Goo§e^ as the metaphor for a fooUahper*
40ft, is in the sense of one who is a good thing for Ihe
sharp one, one who is a good and easy prey to the
•harpers, easy to be destroyed, swallowed up, ruined by
uiotner ; you gooae^ youfool^ you stupid one. Ths tay^
iar's goose^ r^ers I suspect to the iron in constant use
with him and therefore never from him, always at
hand.

** The iwaker gose, the cud^owe ^ \inkinde

'^ The ^opin^eie full of delicasie

" TRie drake destroyir of his own kinde,

^* The storke, the *wrekir of advouterie." Chaucer.

" Nor watchful dogs, nor the more wakefull gbesb
^* Disturb with nightly noise the sacred peace.*'

Dryden.

** Come in tayhr^ here you may roast your goosb."

Shakeap,

iWatchman ; aU on the alert ; in Rome it had a publick ordi-
nary on a constant establishment, in gratitude fbr its having saved
that city by iu timely cackle on the night approach of an wmw;
a well-known story. 2Eyer, always. 3In reference to the reoQiQin-
brancing note of that bird, as the popular emblem of marriage in^del-
ity. 4The tormentor, executioner of adultery, in reference to the
weU-knowa parental and conjugal sincerity and devotion of that
bird, exempUfifld in its historical attribute of feeding the dbpciag

•C its mftte with iU own Uood ; and thus the capvo&cheir or <sti^a-
tuser of adultery by his fidelity to his mate through her offe^rin^.
Adv&uterie (adultery) seems as, had wye houw V ere hie ; q. e, m thih
case a wrong has been done to sanctified matrimony, mavrinfe
solemnized by the priest; and sounds when unaspirated 4M^
twic^ertf. 4The same word with the dutch |N|£fi^-j'4iey, p^rroL whii^
seems as pa«pe, priest, and^oey, gay, gayly attired, gaudily dressed,
and thus by its showy plumage an emblem of the catholick priest
dressed for church service, to say mass in ; a dress which will be al-
lowed by any one, to be the type of gaudiness, tawdry^ finer}' or show,
and, if you will, splendour, richness. Had, as with us ; wi^, holy ;
hfluw, marriage; ere, the part. pres. of eren, to err,
to go astray. AduUery, seems had hvld t'ere hie; q. i.
in Uiis case a wrong to love ; and has no relation to
any priestly or sanctimonious tie; hence the latin aduUerimm;
hndde, love, amor. The dutch for adultery is werspel^ that
k, populating beyond what is admitted, beyond the one thi^ it
is lawful to do so with, another than the wife ; ^el, copulation.
The term now in general use with the dutch for goose is ganae, and
for gander, ganser, whence the latin anser, parrot, I take to he
as baer rote ; q. e. mere accompaniment, a bare playing or following
the tune or note it hears from another ; and which is the well-
Vpown characteristick of that bird ; baer, bare, naked, mere ; rote,
accompaniment, following the order, heard or seen, that which is
taken or learnt from another ; and in this way we say, he speaks by
rote^ as opposed to him who speaks self taught, from innate or natural
.power. B and p interchange. Johnson derives the word from the
french perrogue^, paroquet !

*' Who taught the parrot human notes to try f

** Twas witty want, fierce huuger to appease." Dryden,

A PUNK;

» 'prostitute ; seems the dutch er ponk ; q. e, there
purse, in this case money will do any thing, here is th|it
which money will buy for any purpose. Ponh as
pocket (formerly the purse J is an anti(][uate<i word, i^
Friesishjoow^ ; see^Hcevft talk, aanm, 2. nitg^p, \ 16,
A punk is opposed to the one whom no money will
buy, on whom it has no undue effect.

" She may be a punk ; for many of them are neither
"maid, widow or wife.'* Shakesp,

" And made them fight like mad or drunk,
*' For dame religion as for funk.'* Hudibras.

154 ABCBJBOLOGT Of

TO 8HBD ; as in the phrases to shgd iear9^ to shed
kU bloody to $hed its feather s^ leaves ; &c., seems
seheedeny seheyden^ to part, to depart, to separate, to
go from; probably the verb c^ scheydSy seheede^
sbeath, that which parts the within from the without ;
benoe shed as the place which separates that within
from that without, weather,^ injury, a pew, seems, er
Pye uw ; q, e. there the Parson has you and you have
the Parson, and thus a place in which he sees his audi-
ence and his audience see him, without reference Ip
any sort of enclosure, and, in fact, in the churches of
the catholicks on the continent there are no pews, but
chairs and benches common to all. Johnson derives
the word from puije^ pulpit, but that's for the Priest
not for the Congregation, and was at one time a mere
pile of stones m the open air, and the pew the spot
each person stood on ; p^e^ cowl (type of Priest), be-
fore explained, damn mt eyes , as in the expression
damn my eyes if I do it, thus an imprecation on self
in case of doing it, and a mode of refusal to act as re-
quired ; seems, d'amme my yse ; q, e, may my mother
see me with horror, may she that conceirwl, produced,
cherished and nourished me, abhor me;, ^nd thus the
most dreadful curse that human nature admits the ex-
pression of in our present state; and mother is the
climax of the one to whom atTection and duty are owed
as being in the eye of the uncivilized Saxon, the surest
one of the two partners in the concern ; amme, mother,
mother and nurse, in former days eauivalent terms ;
my J me ; yse^ the pres. optative mood of ysen^ to be
horrified ; and damn your eyes, seems d'amme uw er
yse : q, e. may the mother of you detest you ; the n
in damn, has no sound any more than in limn, con^
temn, condemn, &c. ; the phrase in its literal shape
has no meaning, for how are a man's eyes to be
damned without the rest of his body ? To damn, the
latin damnare, the italiau dannare and french damner,
seem evidently the dutch doemen, to doom, to condemn,
the verb of doem, sentence, doom, whence doemer.

RURJIERT RHTMBS. 255

judge, the one who sentences, but whose sentence does
not go beyond the privation of life, and not to that of
the place where the convict is to go afterwards ; so that
in the imprecation of damn you, hell must be the sub-
auditum there, but hardly in the judge's sentence, except
he should be a very malignant one; a damned good
(had) fellow (dinner) are as that or him who is
deemed so. The n in damno and damn, seems the
substitute contraction of the en in doemen, and oe in-
terchanges with a, e, ea ; voelen, and our to/eel (fot'
merlj/eali), groot and great, dood, dead, toomen,
to tame, dochter^ daughter, are all duplicate forms of
a same word, a blue stocking; a learned female;
seems er hij ifle u, stock hing ; q, e, you
are mad, do recollect the part of the kind yon
belong to; you are wrong-headed, do remember
your kind, pex of the race we belong to, in reference to
the natural avocation of the female, which if duly per-
formed will leave little time for book- work, and, carry-
ing the idea of woman as intended by nature, as manager
of the family, a breeder and nurse of children, com-
forter and amuser of the male she belongs to ; er, there ;
b^, by ; w, you ; yle, the pres. pot. of ijlen, to be cra-
zy; «^c;^ A:, sort, kind, stock; hing, the imperative of
hingen, to recollect, remember, recall to mind ; original
and travestied term sound alike ; the french ha^ bleu,
is a tranlfetion of our travesty, minstrel (formerly
mmstrall) ; musician ; feems, €r mHn streele ; q, e.
by that pleasure is brought on, by this that which de-
lights (soothes, gratifies) is introduced, and thus in
relation to effect but not to the cause, and is as the
expression of some one who is present at the perform-
ance; hence minstrelsy /minstralcie), musick; m*.
me, mede, with, by; in, come in, comes within;
streele, the part. pres. of streelen, straelen, to soothe,
to caress, to stroke, to flatter. Johnson derives the
term from menestril, which he considers a Span-
ish word, but which is so only in his own fancy.

SM A«CHJtoLo«nr or

** The ttinttiiALCiB, the service at the fette

'* The ffrete giftes also to the most and leste, (&c.,)

** Of aU this nowe I make no mentioon.'' Chaucer.

'^ Fleyin he could of every m instralcis

** And singin that it was a melodie

'' To herin of his clere voice the somi." Idem,

BURSBRT RHTVBS CONTINUED VROIC N® A5y
MOB 904 OV THE SECOND VOLnMB OF THIS B88AT.
PRINTED BT COUPLAND AND PUBLISHED BT
LONGMAN & CO. SOUTHAMPTON & LONDON.

\ 46. — Is John Smith within 9
Yes that he is
Can he set on a shoe f
Ay marry twoy
Here a nail there a nail;
Tiek^ tacky too.

Is je on smetse Wije's in ;

J'ese t'haet hij ijse ;

Ka*u hie's et on, er schuw,

Haeye m'Haer, hij t'uw,

Hij hier er nae hel; t'hjj, erre er nae hel;

T'ijck taecke, t'hoo.

Should you happen to have a feast the Holy One
(Monk) is sure to come in ; he makes your repast hat^
fill) horrifying, the Jackdaw (Priest) when eating is
^ing on, is a scare-crow there, with the Man
m the brown Sack-cloth (the Monk) there it is ail*
ways a torment to you; he begins with, for all
you here (heathen Saxons) your hereafter is hell;
he (the Saxon) replies it is all a lie about hell

h^iti^ Q^T hereafter ; QUr task here being duly coippleted,
we go on high (to heaven, to the ahode pf Him who madQ
us and sent us )ier^).

Is, as when we say, U he employed, and mean, tohUehe ie emphy- -
^ i j^t yc» you ; on, in, at, taking place, about ; smetse the part,
pres. of pn^t^en, to f^ai^, to indulge in eating, to have company tp
a meal ; ^^e, the patt. pres. qf esen. asen, to eat, to feed ; je, you ; .
futet, disgust, h,atefi^ object ; f ie, to ; haefje, the part. pres. of
bneijen, to irritate, teaze, proyoke ; Hder, the Man of the sackcloth ->
(Monk) has been repeatedly explained; m' me^, mede, along with; s
ijje, the part. pres. of r^jeti, to prepare ; hije, the part. pres. of hyen, ■,
to torment, to vex, cause to suffer; ka, jackdaw, type of the chat-
tering Mojik ; et, qt^ fpod, .eating ; echuw, schouw, scarecrow, bu|f- ^
^00 ; ky, he, the one w;ho repllies ; erre, erci «•, error, heresy, false -
doctrine^ mistake, error ; yck, the point, exact mark, due limit ; .
f, te, at ; fjjck, at the settled, predestined, point, mark ; taecke,
task, that which is. allptted to be done or performed by him who has
the powe^ so to order it ; i*hoo, to on high, to where it is beyond
our present power to see, to the upseen^ abode of the One unseen by-
all but in his works ; y^e, the part. pres. of ysen, to horrify, to ter —
i^y* T^jjck, sounds tick ; fitecke, tack ; fhio, too; ho, hoOy hoog,
hoogh, indefiuitely hjfgh, transcepdaut,' unscannedly elevatad. So
that in fact the unmeapipg tick iflck too, when refunded to its ori-
ginal sound sense includes the entire profession of faith of the then .
naturiU religionist ; of t^e unmon^yfied Saxon. Je on smelH •
sounds John Smith:; wi^e 's in, wwn ; yese^ yes ; fhaet^ that,
<A does not belong to the primitive Saxon idiom; «cAutr, as we,-,
pronounce shoe at this t'me ; A«r£i/e. at/, A no letter ; nChaerhyer
marry : Vuw, as we pronounce two ; hij'jwr, here ; er^ a; nae hel .
nail; V keener, there,

47. — Shoe the coii, .
Shoe the colt, .
Shoe the wild mare ; .
Here a rtail.
There a nail,
Y£t she goes hare.

Schuwv de keje hollt ! !
3chuw, d6 keye holU !
Schuw die w' yld m* {iacp:; :
Hije hier ; ;er na^ hel X
Tlhije hie eer ; er nae hel ! '
Je ^eet sqhie gQe!s ; :ba«^e !

25S ABCBJBOLOGT OF

Get out of the way, the fellow has run mad ; stand
on one side, the wretch is out of his mind ; have noth-
ing to do with such as are infected with the same mad-
ness as the fellow in Sackcloth (the Monk). He is the
one who preaches (tells us) that the summit of happi-
ness allotted by the Creator to us, is to work hard in
this world and go to hell for the next ; to labour day
and night here and then be off for hell ! All a humbug
(bugbear, bugaboo, stuff, nonsense) !

An angry anagramatick effusion of the Saxon natural religioni8t,aimed
against the intruded missionary of the pope, who besides preaching
tenets the Saxon disbelieved and had never even heard of, pinched
his and his family's means for a maintenance. SchuWf the impera-
tive of schuwerif schouwen, to be shy of, to avoid ; schie, at once ;
keyef mad one ; holU^ the pres. of hoUen, to rave, to run mad ; A(;e,
working hard ; hier, here, in this world ; fiad, hereafter, afterwards,
the next place afterwards, the world to come ; goi^ goed, fortune ;
schie go^f all that is to be had or expected for fortune ; heet, asserts ;
baere, the part. pres. of baeren, to pretend outwardly to be that
which he is not inwardly, to sham, to humbug, to gesticulate, to
harlequinize. The pope's monopoly seems now to be shared by the
missionary societies of the protestants, and so far an improvement as
it breaks up a monopoly. Schuw sounds as we pronounce shoe ; tch^
being dialectically as ah ; keye hM, eoU ; m'Haer, mare ; nae hel^

MAIL.

48. — Snail, snail^ come out of your hole.

Or else Til make you as black as a coal,

Sij nae hel, sij nae hel, Keye humme. Uit af uw er, holle ;
Ho'r el's ! yle maecke uw aes ; bij laecke aes, er koe al.

The crazy fellow (Monk) is always mumbling out,
hell is the place for your (the Saxon Heathens) hereafter,
when you die you will all go to hell. You (Monk) are
(completely mistaken) quite raving; elsewhere, is on
high, there ! (the Saxon says when we depart we return
to heaven, the abode of the One who made us and sent
us h«re)y the raving stuff you (the Monk) utter is that
which makes your livelihood ; by milking (squeezing
food from) us, you make us all your cow (provider).

NErBSSRY RHYMES. 259

S^f to they, to them, to up; n«u, hereafter; keye, fool, madmaA,
type of the Monk, as regards his hell doctrine ; hummer pres. pot.
•I hummen, to grumble out, to hum, buzz, sing out ; hoUe, pres. pot.
ef koUenf to run mad; ko, indefinitely high, out of human sight
(type of heaven) ; el^ elsewhere, gone from hence ; yle, raving ;
imtecke, the pres. pot. of maecken, to make ; aes, provision ; lacke,
lacken, to milk, to draw out, from, by pressure ; er, there, here ; koe,
cow ; al, every one, all of us. S\j nae hel, sounds snail ; keye kum-
me, come; ko*r, or; eT^, else; aes, as; b^ lacke, black; koe al,
coal ; er, the pres. of erin, erren, to err ; \tit of^ quite.

49. — Little Rohm-ted hreast sat upon apole^

WiggU waggle went his tail, poop went his hole.

Lije t'el Robb'in rede, Bije ree est, 's at up on er polle,
Wieck el, wack elj Wije ent hisse t'ee belle, puije op
weent bisse boHe.

Tbe Curse in the Gown (Confessor, Priest) baving
become an inmate of the house, says, tbe mutton of tbe
husbandman eaten is food to an adulterer (in reference
to his influence upon the females of the family as their
confessor, confident, and adviser, by wbich means he
discovers the weakest of them and makes his friarly use
of her) ; let each one ponder (weigh well) before he
admits him, let each one watch him (be alive to his
mancBvures) ; the Holy One (Friar) an inmate, speaks
aloud the curse of the married state ; though while in
the pulpit (before the public) he whines (cants^ whimpers)
rails, and raves (plays the mountebankj.

Redey the pres. pot. of redeiif to speak, to say, sounds red ; but
in the term red-herrinfCf red is as reed, prepared, and as that which
is prepared for keeping and subsequent use. In the literal form it
is an absurdity ; who ever saw a red coloured or a blushing herring ?
Bjje, industrious one ; ree, wild goat, the meat of that day, when
mutton was unknown to the Saxon ; est, geest, the past part, of
eaen, asen, to feed ; at, food ; poUe, pol, a seducer of the female, an
adulterer, inveigler, wheedler, male concubine ; wieck, the impera-
tive of wiecken, to weigh, to ponder, consider ; wack, the imperative
of wacken, to be awake, to watch ; el, each one of all ; ent, geent,
the past part, of eii^en,to ingraft,to put in stationally,tofix in, to make
a part of; jnc^«, pulpit ; op, up, up in; hisse, announees, sounds j

2l3

i60 kAcuMozoar -or

declares ; weent^ the pres. of weeneUf to ^Bine, to whimper ; HeOe^
raves, the pres. pot. of hoUenf to run inad. I4j tel Robb'in, has been
explained before. Bije ree est, sounds breiiati tocA eU waek il,
wiggle, toaggle, ck and g interchange in soiina, oilr to struggU, is
the same woi^ with the dutch ttruycketen, to totter, to strive against
fj&Uing ; t'ee helle, tail; hUae, his ; puye op, poop, ih the direct sense
the dutch poepen, to t>oop, as we understand that term. This seems
one of the most artfully disguised of all these travestied epigrams t
have yet met with, in my attempts to resolve them by their sound and
original sense. It is also one of the most bitter against the Order,
and hence probably the most studiously disguised by those interest-
ed in so doing. JBe, marriage.

50. — / am a pretty reench^

And I come a great way hence^
And sweethearts I can get none ;

But every dirty sow^

Can get sweethearts enowy
And /, pretty wench^ can get never a one,

Hye amme er Pije rete t'hij wenschfe;

Hand Hve ; Kom, er gij rete Wije ee hen's,
Hands Wije niet ; errt's Hye, Ka'n gij heet nonne,

Bot ijver hie d'hart ijse ho uw ;

Keye an^e heet, sij wie hiet haert's, hie nd uw;
Hand Hye, Pije rett t*hie wensche, Ka^n, gij et, ne ijver,

er; Wije on.

Where the Farmer has a woman the Friar is sure to
lick his lips at [wish for] her rima ,\ the Farmer whipis in ;
you Man of the Chalice (Friar), but the rima is out of
the reach of your order [cbntraly to your vow of chksti-
ty]. The Fnar whips in on his part, surely the Farmer is
at variance with [eainsays] himself; for doht you all call
us h^g [castrated boar, type of the castratOy eunuch ; a
nickname of the Saxon for the Friar in reference to the
monkish vow of abstinence from female connectioii],
this is all foolish jealousy, all nothing but the fear you
should be made a cuckold. The Farmer [Cloddy] angry
at this whips in ; she that calls you to her is libidine
flagrata fvittoflagransj and you are a mere matter of

NXtHSERlr RHTllBS^ 241

necessity [make-shift, one used, not from preference,
but because there was no other at hand], and then
adds, it is the wish of us all that th« Friar should be
got rid of; the Friar [Cowl, type of the Monk] settled
amongst you, does no work, eats yoU up [lives upon
you], is a here tick 4 in with him [have done with him,
finish himj.

Wenschy wish, seems the source of our teriii wenckf female, wo-
man, in the import of the wish of the mole, the ohe wanted sexually
by him ; and also as the one wanted for household service ; in a de-
rogatory sense as strumpet, it is the one who wishes for the male either
from wantonness or pecuniary advantage ; here it simply as wish«8
for and the pres. pot. of the verb wenscheUf to wish ; Hye, the work-
ing one, he that cultivated his own land,the Countryman, now Farmer,
Peasant ; amme, mother, mistress in the family ; retey slit, cleft, rent,
break, and thus the Saxon's type of the sexual characteristick; gy^
to thee, to you ; fFye, holy-one (friar) ; A«t, hence, out of
the way or direction in point, out of reach, not to be had, touched ;
*Sy isy is ; hands, immediately, off hand (an advert^ ; hiety says ;
tfrrt, geerty the past. part, of erren. to be wrong, to be mistaken, to
err ; Ka, jack-daw (type of the chattering Friar) ; iUy brought in,
the subject of talk, when spoken of: gy^ thee ; heety calls ; nonne,
a gelt-boar, a hog, a gelding ; (Nonnb. Sus castrata, translatfone
aumptd, d viij^nibus sacris castralis propter regnum coelorum ^dem
ratione qu& mwncky monk, friar, equns castratus dicitur. (Vitus
Amerpach apud Kilian) ; bot, foolish, stupid ; yver, zeal, over-
acted zeal, jealousy ; hie, here. In this affair ; iiariy Tiert, stag, hart,
male deer, the horned male of the hornless female, the emblem of
the cuckold ; yse^ fright, terror ; &o, high, extreme ; utD, your ;
^se ho uWy cause of the utmost alarm to you; ai^e, the part,
pres. of angen, engerty to vex, to make distressed, to feel uneasiiliess^;
sijjy she ; wiey who ; A(;, he, the male ; hAert, gekaerty hot, in the
iniport as when applied to the bitch in he&t, bumiog with the fi^
6!r amorous desire, furious from wantonness ; nd, «io^, iMod, oe'ed,
Want ; vtr* your ; handy as soon as he could, as soon as he found
the opportunity of doing ao ; reite, the part. pres. of retien, to get
rid of, to free from ; 'n, in, in, settled in, introduced ; n', tie, no,
none, without ; ^vir, industry, work ; et, the pres. of e^eti, afete,
4fffeit, to eat up, to feed upon ; wije ee on, sounds tme, and so does
fdan (want) ; nor can we pronounce (Me without the a^iration rep-
resented hyw;gy ret, great ; tvye eey way ; hen*s, hence ; trrt's, when
aspirated, sounds hearts ; and so does hart*s\ hands wie hiety sounds
and sweet ; as does h\so sy wie h\j hiet ; hie no utr, sounds enow, h
iia letter ; ne ijttr, sounds never ; gtj et, get', d'hart \J8e ho uw, is

264 IRCHiBOLOGT Of

thing) ; it is the obsequious dupe, the timorous ope
that furnishes him with his meal ; wherever the Holy-
One (Priar) has the controul, he at once hatches a story
about hell being your (the Saxon's) hereafter ; with t^e
timid the tale about hell is provender for him (in re-
lation to the well known perquisites of a family Con-
fessor). He says, the Cultivator (original self-supply-
ing industrious Saxon) is polished and mstructed by the
bnnging of him among you ; th^ Cloddy exclaims, with us
industry is the order oi the day (the law of nature,
implying that was enough for their peace and happiness);
ana then adds, away with this curse to us all, this
grievance to industry, that fellow who makes bread of
us. A firm assurance of returning to whence we came
(to our Creator) is the doctrine we hold.

Bet, bete, bit, moreel ; fhije, to he, the usual canto! the mendi-
cant friar to his dupes ; l^d, the past of lifven, to make or become
corpulent; gehuld, the past part, of huUien, hoiden,tjo-pajhomBige
to ; brued, the pres. of brueuen, btoeaen, to brood, to hatch, to pro-
duce ; houd, the pres. of houden, to hold, to maintain ; voer, voider,
provender; henne, hanne, a coward: Jent, ^cW, polished, genteel,
knowing ; el, each one ; <i//, the imperative oi iUlen, to take away,
lift up or off; Hand, has been explained here in. all its meanings.
Bye rouw*fi, sounds brown; bet Vk\j^ Betjiy ; h^, lived x de ge-
huld henne, golden; Ka\i^ Cam; gy.houd, good; ee heUe, tde ;
je ent hel nChenne, gentlemen ; heUe and hel are both true spellings ;
Handjeut t*hel mH'n, and gentlemen ; ijver hie, every ; .d*ee, di^f ;
$0hieho*pt,8he hopt; erwtjee, away. Ho*p^ on high; t'er, for there,
for the other place, world.

53* — Robin and Richard

Were two pretty men ; .
They lay in oed

Till the clock sirtick ten
Then up starts Robin.

^nd looks at the sky : .
Oh! brother Richard

The sun's very high ;
You go before

With your bottle and bag^
And I will come after

On little Jack Xfag,

1K7R8IRT 11HTMX8. 2C5

Bobb'in hand rije schie harrd.

W*ee'r toe, Pije rete t'hije m'Henne.
T'ee laeye in bij eed,

T jjle de Klocke stracke t'Henne.
T'Henne up 's t'hart's Robb'in,

Hand luek's Hatte dese l^eye;
Hoe broed ee*r rije schie harrd,

De sone's w*ee rije, Hye.
Uw gauw beffe hoore

Wijse uw er bot t'el hand bij hag^.
Hfand Hye w'ijle Kom af t'ee'r.

On lije, t'el Jack, n'hagge.

The Priest (Confessor) once admitted to the house
there's a stop to all natural order in it. If the master of •
it is married and passive (hen-pecked), . the Priest is
sure to have the rima (mistress) to himself (for his
use ; in reference to his power over the femal« as the
fatherly confideni of all her inclinations, peccadillos, .
and motives of action.) Bound down by the rule of their
order to burning desire (by being denied the rites of
nature) the Man of the Cloth betakes himself to the
family of the hen-pecked husband. The . passive ' un-
suspecting husband is a cuckold in a moment j should
the Man of the Gown (Gonfessor) become the inmate
of his house. The woman (wife, mistress) on her
side thinks this mad fellow a piece of good K)rtune to
her (looks upon him as a good thing, a lucky hit). .
Who the brood (produce of the intercourse) is to
belong to, the rule of the law has decidedly fixed
(proles sequitur nuptias). The child as the law
rules it, is that of the Industrious One (Saxon.) Per-
ceiving yourself the object of sneering gossip, informs
you, you are looked upon as a fool by all your neigh-
bourhood. Without farther hesitation the Industrious
One (Saxon), in a rage, sends off the Man of the Cha-
lice (Priest) to the other world (into eternity; puts an
end to him for ever). We must have a finish of this
curse to society, let the whole Race of the Surplice

2 m

!M8 Abohjioloot ^f

(Monk, Friar) b« sent hence ; let there be no squab-
bling aboot it (let it be done at once).

R^e, due regtdfttion ; httrrd, the past. part, of harrenf to stop,
fix, detain; schUt entirelj; ee, marriage; toe, to belonging to, the
state of; re^e, slit, as the mark of the sex; Hennty coward; ee,
law, rule, authority ; laeyet the part. pres. of laeyetiy to be on fire ;
to flame, to be in heat, as we say of the bitch in regard to the dog ;
tn, internally, kept within self; efd, oath, binding promise; yle,
the part. pres. of jjlen, to rave, to be wild after an object ; Klocke,
gown, cloak, robe, gown of ceremony, the type of the Catholick
Priest, by whom it is never quitted for another dress ; stracke, the
pres. pot. of stracken, to stretch off for, to go to; hart, hert, hart,
deer, stag, buck, the male with horns of the doe without them, the
type of a cuckold ; hand, as soon as done, once ; luck^ luck, good
fortune by chance ; hatte, female head dress, the distinctive way
•he attired her head, the type of the Woman; deae, this;
iCeft, madman ; broed, brood, progeny ; ee, law ; §one, child, pro«
duce ; f^uw, sly, covert ; beffe, the part. pres. of beffen, to mock,
to ridicule ; Aoor^ the pres. pot. of hooren, to hear; hoty fool, dull
fellow ; el, each, every one ; /io/^f e,house, home, the place livejd in ;
JTem, c«p, efaalice, goblet (type of the Priest as the di^>enser of
its ooDteats to the attendants in the Communion); <|^, <|^ off;
Jack^ SMrplice (type of the Priest) ; hagge, the part. pres. of
haggen, to dispute, to contend; n*, ne, no, none. R^e schU harrd,
sounds Richard ; toe, two : P'lje rete t*hij, pretty ; m^Hatme, men ;
Vee, Huy ; b^f eed, bed ; fHemte, ten ; VHenne, then ; and from h
being wo letter the original term resounds into either of these phra-
ses; *ii't*hwris, starts; luck*s, /eoM; hatte, at, h no letter; dete
keffe, the ekn ; w'ee rjje, very ; gauw, go ; beffe hoore, before ;
hot VeU bottle ; hQ hagge, bag ; qf t*ee*r, after ; n'hagge, nag.
MRtte, tankard ; Pot, pot ; Kom, bason, seem to have the Saxon's
fti<4cnaflare8 ibr the Gatkolick Priest, as a staple commodity of iiis
trmie.

5A,^^^ldfather Greybeard

Without tooth or tongue ;
If you^Ugwe me your "finger^
Til give you my thumb.

Holdl vaer t*e*r geere ee Bije errd,

Wis ho uit toe u's, o'er toe enge.
Huijf uw ijle, gij have m'hije mw er fijn geere;

Yle gij heve uw m' hye, toaw*m !

My friend (says liie Friar) thie ioagifiig &r nndi an
b^eafter as you imagine has always miskd your
Coiintr3mien (in allusion to the Saxons Aledfast belief
that they return to whence they jcame, to their Creator,
as an inborn truth, a certainty instilled by nature);
you may rely upon it, when you die (are at an end), to
a certainty your (heathen) transmigration will be to eter*
4ial torment (suffering^. The Countryman replies, you
Men of the Hood (Pnests) are mad, for by this stuff
about hell those who feed and keep you will long
for the end of you (that you may all be put an end to).
Your maintained maddened by your torment-conun-
drum, call out, put a rope round his neck (rope him,
tie him up, hang him).

VaerCi transmigration, crossing over, change of place ; «, ee,
eternity ; ee, ever, always ; geere, the jares, of geeren, to de^
sire, to long for ; errd, the pres. of erren, to he wrong, to err,
to mistake ; wis, certainly, surely ; uU, the past part, of uUten,
uit4n, to deprive of, to take out ; ho, heaven ; toe u, you being
dead, you at an end, finished as to your present state ; 'a, is,t8, and
toe*u*8 is the sound-^ense of the word toothCsee o. 1 />. 167. J ; oWj
over, overj across, from here to there ; toe, to, going to ; enge, the
part. pres. of engen, to torment ; Hutjf, hood (type of Priest) ;
A£i7e,nur8e,feeder,maintainer ; ^n,end, whence the latin^RM ; tomtf,
rope,^!!!^ the source of touuHi^to draw up or by a rope to tow ; 'm,
,tin,ifi,ixi, into,put within. Fatn t*e*r sounds/o^A^r ; geere ee, grey ;
Bye errd, herd ; wis ho uit, without ; toe enge, tongue ; hui^, if;
ijle, ru, a tongue contraction of / wUl ; gfj heve, give ; ^n geert,
finger ; touw*m,ihumb, where the b is mute, as in jmmb, numb, &c ;
Faert'eer, as we pronounce/iMer. Hold, koud, kind.

1&5.— ^ little old man and I fell out ;
How shall we hrin^ it about ;
Bring it about a^ weU a>8 you can,
Get you gone^ you little old man /

Er lit t'hel, hoUd m'aen. Hand Hye fel ho uit.
Houw, schie hael, Wije, Bije ringe hitte, er Bije ho uit ?
Bije ringe hitte, er Bije ho uit, aes wij belle, aes uw

Ka'n,
Gij et uw gae'n, uw lit t*el, hoUd m'aen.

2ic3

lis 'A]ICHJK>LOOT or

'There's a member of hell, one that it mad about it ;
the savage without hesitation (at once) excludes the
industrious Countr3rmau (heathen Saxon) from heaven
(is trying to take from him his inborn certainty of being
intended for to return to him that sent him here).
You go to heaven ! exclaims the Holy-One (Priest)
in a tarj at the Industrious One's (Saxon's) contesting
what he preached, heresy (not being a Catholick be-
liever) excludes you (the Industrious One, Saxon,)
from heaven ! The Countrjrman, in a fury from tha
dispute, says this hard working One that you exclude
from heaven, is the one that provides for you, that
furnishes the food for the Jackdaw (Priest), you who
are one of those who eat their own flesh and blood
(their fellow-men; alluding to the Catholick*s main-
taining the Host, Wafer, swallowed by the Priest at
the Communion of that sect, to be the real body of our
Saviour, and. not the bread as in our communion, the sub-
atance partaken by all for its emblem ; and thus an act,
which' in theeye of the Saxon, made it an anthropophagy,
a self-devouring according to what the Catholick
Triest himself sa;ys) you member of hell ! you raving
devotee to that concern (job) !

S
HtUd^ the past part, of koUen^ to run mad, to nm 6ff with aa

-idea withoat reflection ; felj savage, brutal one, cruel one ; uU^
ousts, excludes ; hael^ the pres. of haeleiif to call aloud to ; rmgi,

-the part. pros, of ringeUf'to struggle with to contest, and when W9
use the term ring, as the circle formed round the combaitants,
it is clearly in relation to the struggles qf the two bruizerSf and not
to the circle of the bystanders ; a ring- in direct sense applies only
to the ring used for ornament, or as a preventative to mischief, ai
with the pig ; hitte^ hot, on fire, in a fury ; gae, gude^ companion,
fellow, equal, fellow-creature, one like other men ; the rest are all
pre-explained words. Lit fhel aovLtidB little ; holld m*aeny old man,

.h no letter; sckie hael, shall; Bije ringe^ bring ; hitte, it; er Bjfe

,ho uitt about ; uij heUct well ; gij^etyget ; gae'n, gone^

^. — PtLssycaty Pussy cat, ^ilt thou le mine ;

Thou shalt neither wash dishes nor feed the
swine.:

1IUB3S11T RHYMES. 2M

JBut sit ana cushion and sew a silk seam
And eat fine strawberries, sugar and cream.

Pije husse hie guyte, Pije husse hie guyte, w'ijlt touw !

Bije m'hye'nne ;
Touw u', schie haelt, n'heyde*r ! wasch ! dij hische*8,

n'oor vied, die s w'hye 'nne.
^ot's hitte, hone er, kuijsch ! ho'n ; hand, sie ho ! er

sij elck' sij'm !
"Hand hijt; fyn*s t*rauw here rijs, schie u ga'r, hand

Keye rije'm.

The friar is always repeating what a set of vagahondt
all you here are, the Countryman (Saxon) like one pro-
yoked heside himself by being thus affronted, whips in,
would you were all on the gallows (roped up, with a
halter about your neck's, hung). The Monk in a tric«
'Calls out it is you that are fit for the gallows, deserve
the rope; it is you that should be hung; let us hav«
no heathens here ; convert (purify, be baptized) ! This
is what he (the Monk) spits out at you ; but don't at-
tend to him, it is all malice, this is the fellow who
biings all our distress amongst us. The stupid fool
(Monk) is all on fire at this ; for shame, says he, purify
yourself (be baptized, become a Catholick) ! get to
heaven ! The Man of Work replies, look up there (cast
your eyes on high) ! that's the place we shall all go
into (our abode after this), and adds in anger, if ther*
was end to the rule (rod) of this rude bear (the Monk ;
in relation to his conduct towards the heathen Saxon)
.and you would take yourselves entirely away, (tht
'Cloddy (Saxon labourer) will set all to rights again (all
will be peace and good order).

Husse, the pret. pot. of kuasen, to speak in anger, to vociferate
spitefully ; touw^ halter, rope ; ijU, the past part, of ijUfHt to bt
crazy, in a ragt. fury ; haelt^ the pres. pot. of Aae/en, to call out, to
▼ociferate, whence our to haii ; hot, stupid ass, sorry fellow ; kuyneh,
the imperative of kuytehen, to chasten, to become chaste, to purify,

870 AmCBiBOLOGT OF

to cleaaae ; Med, tpitt ; fUkf each one, every one ; «(/• ^umself,
themMlvet ; k^, g^hiji^ the past part, of k^en^ to vex ; fyn^ end ;
roauD, rovir. rude, rough ; 6ere, 6f«r, 6a€r, bear ; rijs, twig, rod,
stick, whip ; all the others been explained before. F^jehuaaegyt^jU
feoaads puwy-cat; w*\j'U icmw, wilt tium; m*hye*aiu, mine;
ahie haeUt shall ; n*heyde, neither ; dy hiwhe^a^ diihet ; *m ufkyt
*nne, »wi»e ; *8 hitte^ git ; kuysch Ao'n, cudiion ; sie ho, as we pro*
tiouncesetr; »ij etck, silk; sej^m^ seam; hyty eat, h no letter; 'i
Vrauw here rys. strawberries; schie u ga*r, suffor ; Keys
rffe^m, cream; fyne, end, whence the latin fiiiis; sOers,
the part. pres. of stieren, to steer, to manage, to direct, to
govern ; auwe, ouwe^ land, ground; rye, the part. pres. of ri^en,
rfjgen, to order, to rule, to regulate, to become due or right;
hiughe, hoghe, delight, joy ; eeW, ee er, always ther^, for ever there ;
*m, tm, in, in within, at home, in these. Guyte, scoundrel,
dirty fellow, rascal, and here used collectively by the Friar ia re-
ference to the Saxons as heathens.

57.—/*// tell you a story
About Jack a Nory ;
^nd now my story's begun ;
TU tell you another
About Jack Jiis brother
And now my story'' $ done,

Yl t'el uw er stoore hie!

Er Bije ho uit, Jack er n'hoore hie ;
Hand nae uw m*hye 's tVer ; ijse! Bije gaij'n;

Yl t'el, uw er, nae ho's er!

Er Bije ho uit ! Jack hisse. Bije rood, er.
Hand nae ouwe m*hye; 's t'o'erijse! done!

Take yourself off to some other place, you are a dia-
turbance to us here, says the Saxon in a high tone of
voice. The Friar replies, it is not fit you here should
continue hereticks, my independent fellow, your here-
after will be eternal torment; tremble! The Saxon
^ips in briskly, begone to elsewhere, you hold &
fklse doctrine, hereafter is on high, there ! (pointing to
Heaven). The Friar repties in a spiteful tone, the

irURSBRT RH7MBB. 271

Saxon^s heresy excludes him from Heaven. The Saxon,
red with anger, exclaims that's a felsehood (untruth) ;
into the ground (grave) with this tormenting being
(this holder of the doctrine of future torment) ; when
once this alarmer is off (in his grave) then clap your
hands for joy (be joyful).

YL tht imperatiTe of yUn, to hasten, to go with speed ; t*, te, to;
elf elsewhere ; stoore, the part. pres. of stooren, to disturb, trouble,
to disquiet ; Jack^ the Man of the Gown (petticoat, one of the
Saxon's nickname for Monk) ; n', ne, nie^ not, no how ; mae^ after ;
HIT, you, and nae uw, after you, after your existence, wlkea
TOU are dead, have left all behind, sounds now\ gay, gaeff,
brisk; agile, possessed of alacrity, quickness ; 'n, in^ brings in, says ;
rood, the pres. of rooden, to make red, to redden ; er, anger, ire ;
hand, instantly, says directly ; nae, in, within, at ; ouwe^ earth ;
done, the part, pres, of donen, to clap the hands, to shout for joy, to
play tricks, and also to thunder, whence the latin tonare, tonitru,
the italian tuono and firench tonnere ; er, erre, is used for error,
l^eresy, false doctrine, also for ire anger, and in the shape of er, for
there, of which our substantive article a is the substitute ; o*er,
over, oxer, over, across, the type of our transmigration from this to
another place, and used by the Saxon as the synonym of human
transition, with him au inborn creed ; uit, the pres. of tttten, to ut-
ter ; ho, loudly, in a high tone, and is also used by the Saxon as the
type of heaven, the abode of the unsen Maker of all, the One be-
yond our Ken while here ; hisse, the pres. of hismn, to utter veno-
mously, spitefully ; ^9e, the pres. of ysffi, to be horrified, in « stale
©f trembling, tremor,

58. — By Baby Bunting

Father' 8 gone a hunting

To get a rabbit gkm

To wrap Baby Bunting in.

Bay beeb hie bij u'n t*inge ;
Vaer t*ee'r*s ga^/n, er hun t'inge.
Toe, gij et, er, haeye bijte's, Keye rnn,
Toe, ra^*p, beeb hij bij u'n twinge, inn !

The Man in Sackcloth (Monk) bleats out here, that
when you come to your end {die, finish) you go to
where yon will be tormented %&t €ver ; that ndiea jFOur

272 ARCHiSOLOOT OP

fellow Saxon dies, his heresy secures eternal tortuit
for him. Forward then ! and let the Cloddy whip m ;
YOU are a fellow who eats his own species (bis fellow
being), a dealer in false doctrine with the greedy Tora-
city of the shark ; come on then ; up at once to Uie gal-
lows with the fellow who keeps on bleating here that
we are a set of fellows born to be tortured here-
after; in with them I say (let there be an end to the
whole set, hang them all up) I

Raey, hay^ brown coarse stuff for the dress, as the type of tha
mendicant order of l* riars, has been repeatedly explained here ;
beeb^ the pres. of beeen, beefy to bleat, the type of the coarse hoant
worrying voice of au admonishing Monk ; 6^, by, passed off, away,
ito more to be seen ; ti, you ; 'n. in, fiuished,in, within the ground ;
iii/[;r» suffering, the part. pres. of ingen^ to torment ; vuer t'ee'r
transmigration, as the passing of the soul into its hereafter, whera
vaer is as tlie going over, passing over : t\ te. to; ee^ eternity ; *r,
IT, there, another place ; gad,gade, conipanion. equal, fellow crea-
ture ; 'ft. tft, in, at an end, dead, buried ; hun^ to them; ioe, to,
come up, forwards : gy et. you eut yuursolf, in reference to the
wafer, sacrament token, host, which v/ith the Catholicks the olfici-
ating priest alone swallows, but gives tiie cup to the attendants, and
which he holds to be the actual iicsh and blood of the Saviour, aud
thus, in the eye of the Saxon, mokes himself an anthropophagist, a
man eater ; er, ertj erre, doctrine ; haeye, haai, shark, the type of
greedy rapacity ; b^iCf the part. pres. of hyten, to bite ; Keye,
fool, type of the Saxon Cloddy ; raS^ rode, quick, as once ; */i, ii^,
Hp, on high, here used, as when we say up wiih /ttm, in the sense of
hang him ; innCt the imperative of innen, to bring in, to enter into
what is going on ; Bay sounds hy ; heeb hij^ baby ; bif u*nf*^ bunt ;
vaer f ee'r«as we pronounce Ja'.her*s ; ga^'n, gone ; er hun finge,
a hunttng; gij et, get ; er haeye byte, rabbit ; 'akeye inn, 9kin ;
rae*pt wrap, where the to has no sound, any more than in tortMf ,
wf^ng^ wrench, &c.

59. — Who's there? a Grenadier

What do you want f a pot of beer^
Where's your money ? quite forgot !
Get you gone^ you drunken sot,

Wije ho's t' eer er : erg ree na dij er !

Wo aet toe uw Wije haeijnt ; er Pot hof Bije er.

NURSERY RHYMES 273

Wije, eer's uw er moe*n hij ; gij wyte vo6r. Gij hot,
Gij et uw, ga'n ! Uw de run, ken sot.

The Holy-One (Friar) says when he is off for eternity

Sdies), there on high (heaven) is the place for him ; but
or you heathens (hereticks) your h^eafter will be into
the port of bitterness (a sad place). Where, there is
provision by you the Holy-One haunts you ; in that ease
the heresy of the Industrious one is a feast for the Man
of the Cup (Pot). The Holy-One is a continual worry
upon you here ; he makes your even having any thing
to eat, a subject of reproach. Let the Saxon retort
upon him, you forget yourself (recollect what you do
yourself)! You tell us^ you eat yourself (your own
iellow-man)! Should not such stuff as this whisper
within to the Saxon, the fdlow knows when he has a
fool to deal with (this should remind you, that you are
the fool not he J I

W^e^ B§€, ee, wo aet^ ^v, er, ww, have been explained over and
over again in the prececding pages of these volumes ; heer, ever,
for ever ; erg^ orgy sad, bad ; kaeynty the pres. of kaeyetiy to per-
severe, to go doing the same thing, whence our to Aotcnt, as to ap-
pear or come out continually ; Pot^ cup, pot, the heathen's scofiing
term for the chalice of the papal priest ; hof^ treat, feast ; moe,
moede, moefjey muede, trouble, vexation ; tvytCf the pres. pot. of
wyten, to upbraid, to reprove ; 7tof, gehot, the past. part, of hotten,
to curdle, to confound parts together; here in reference to the head
or recoUective power ; tro^r, voeder^ provision, also fodder ; et, the
pres. of eten, aeteUy to eat ; ghy gaky gade, companion, fellow-being,
see ante, p. 268. No. 55 ; run, rune, the pres. pot. of runen, ruenen,
ruynen, roenen, to whisper, to speak within to ; ken, kenne, the pres.
pot. of kennen, to know ; sot^ fool, whence the french sot, and our
9ot as one who makes a fool of himself, in fact the ellipsis of drunks
en-aot, as a fool from drenching, over-drinking ; unje ho, sounds
who ; t*ee er,i(here ; erg ree na d\jer, grenadier ; wye haeynt, want ;
hof bije er ; of beer; wye eer, where ; mo^^n hie, money ; gij wyte,
quite ; gy hot, got ; gij et uwga'n, explained in a proceeding article ;
de* run ken, drun/xn. I suspect the term grenadier, in its origi-
nal use referred to a volunteer of that day, and to have been as gere
e na die*r ; q. e. always desiring to be what he now actually is, in
reference to a voluntary or patriotick soldier. De, that which ; ree,
station.

2n

274 ARCHiBOLOGY OF

GO.— 6rre^» leaves and pudding pie.^.
Tell me roliere my mistress lies,
And ril he with her before she rise
Fiddle and aw' together.

Gij rije'n lieve's, hand Puijd-ding peys.
T'el m'hij w'ee'r, m'hye mistruwe's, lye's,
Hand yl Bije wijs heer ; Beffe voere, schie rye's,
Vied t'el hand auwe toe. Gij e t'er.

You that love good order in your family, consider
duly what sort of concern a Pulpit-thing [X]!onfessorJ
is. To every one who is married, and lets him in to the
house, he proves, along with the trouble of keeping
him, a source of mistrust and vexation [in relation to
the influence he acquires in it, and his abuse of it],
Let the Industrious Saxon [self-provider] show that he
is the master here ; let him drive the Buffoon out of it;
and all is then at once as it ought to be. At once with
this curse to every one into the ground [grave ; put an
end to him for ever]. The fellow who tells you your
future state is to be subject to wrath [in reference to the
Friar's introducing the hell-system among those who
believed simply in heaven, as the abode of their Maker,
to whom they were to return].

Rije^ rpCy regulation ; ti, in, in, within, at iiome ; puije, puydf
pulpit, spot preacched from; ding^ thing, and puyd-ding, seems
another of the Saxon Heathen sarcastick terms for the intruded
Missionary and professional Confessor; peys, the imperative of
peysen, to weigh, to consider well, to reflect over ; ee, nature's rule,
in reference to man and woman as to the mutual necessity of the
one to the other, marriage, also rule, law, eternity, ever-enduring ;
w'ywie, he who ; hye, the part. pres. of hyeUf to torment, mistruwe,,
mistrouwe^ mistrust, diffidence, suspicion, want of confidence in (see
V. 1. p. 255. 1. 1, 4. of this Essay, and for garden read gaerd hen;
q. e. from prevailing rule) ; wiJSy the imperative of wijsen^ to shew,
to demonstrate, hence the Devonshire phrase, to make wise ; lye,
part. pres. of lyetif lyden^ to suffer pain ; heeVf lord and master ;
ieffe^ mountebank, laughing stock, buffoon ; voere, the part, pres,
of voereUt to carry out, to take away, to remove from within, to
without ; vied, vied, strife, scene or cause of distress, trouble ; el.

NTTRSERY RHYMES. 275-

every one ; f , <«, to, into ; auwej ouwe, ground, here the metoni-
my of e, eCf eternal, everlasting, substantively eternity ; gij\ thee,
thou, also to thee ; «•, erre, ire, anger, wrath, vengeance, whence
the latin ira. G^ rye '», sounds green, rye and rye, are a same
word, though dialectically distinct in sound and utterance ; lieve*s,
leaves ; puyU'dtng, pudding ; peys, pies; m*hy, me ; w^eeW, where f
m*hye, mif ; mistruwe*8, mistress; lye*s, lies; wy*s, with; heer,
her; beffe mere, before; schie,ske; rye* s, rise; vied V el, fiddle;
ouwe, aw\ which last term is the Scotchman's pronunciation of dU ;.
toe gij e Veer, together, obs. The above explained Nursery Rhyme
has been made the preface to two stanzas of a same measure and
cadence, composed ages after, by the scotch Jacobites in honour of
the then Pretender ; and probably introduced there as having the
term au7* which is the scotch pronunciation of all. In literal form
it has no connected meaning, is pure nonsense ; and evidently the
travesty of a sound sense stanza, which seems to be that above
proposed. For the entire ditty see the new edition (1835) of
Boawell's Life of Johnson, v. 4. p. 288. with Mr. Croker*s note on
it. From the above peysen, peynsen, to weigh, either practically or
mentally, the latin has its pensarej^jtendere, pensi, pensum, the french
their penser, peser, and we our pence, as value or money in a general
import, without reference to the material it is of ; and how is money
or pence of value, but is made so by the general consent of society.
A guinea or a bank-note would be useless trumpery, but for the so-
cial agreement in regard to the value they are to represent ? Of
what intrinsick worth as a bank-note else ? It is a mere piece of
paper not half so useful as a piece of whited-brown paper of th«
same size. See money, p. 44. of this vol. The dutch equivalent
to pence is penninck, jtenning, money. Johnson says it is the plural
of penny, he might as well have said goose is the the plural of gander*

61. — London hridge is broken doiOTiy
Dance o'er my lady lee^
London bridge in broken downy
With a gay lady.

How shall we build it up again.

Dance o'er my lady lee^
How shall we build it up again,

With a gay ladyv

Silver and gold will be stole arvayy

Dance o'er my lady lee,.
Silver and gold will be stole away.

With a gay lady,

2n3

276 ARCUJiOLoeT of

BuUd it up with iron and steely

Dance o^er my lady lee^
Suild it up with iron and steel.

With a gay lady.

Iron and Heel mill bend and bow,

Dan0e o'er my lady lee.
Iron and steel will bend arid bow^

With a gay lady.

Build it up with wood and clayy

Dance o'er my lady lee,
Build it up with wood and clay^

With a gay lady.

Wood and clay will wash away,

Dance o'er my lady lee,
Wood and clay will wash away^

With a gay lady.

Build it up with stone so strong^

Dance o'er my lady lee,
Huzza ! 't will last for ages long.

With a gay lady,

Loen done berijde je, ijse, broke hen d'ouwe*n ;

D'hans o'er nielyde hie lije,
Loen done berijde je, ijse, broke hen d*ouwe'n ;

Wije's er, gij ee leed hij.

Houwe schae hel, W je ; Bije ijld hitte t'up, er gij ee'n !

D'hans o'er m^lyde hie lije ;
Houwe sha^ hel, Wije ; Bije ijld, hitte t'up, er gij ee*n !

Wije's er, gij ee leed hij.

Siel-vere aen gehoUd, w'ijle Bije, *s t'ho, hel, er Wije ee,

D'hans o'er mfilyde lije,
Siel-vere aen geholld, w'ijle Bije, 's t'ho, hel, er Wije ee,

Wije 's er, gij ee leed hij.

Bije ijld, hitte t'up w'ijse, hye 'r ho'n, hand's t'ijle;
D'hans o'er melyde hie lije,

MgRSBRT BHTMKS. 377

Bije ijld, hitte t'up w'ijse, hye'r ho*n, hand's t*ijle.
Wije 's er, gij ee leed hij.

Hye 'r ho*n,hand's t'ijle w'ijle,Bije,end, hand bi j ho uw !

D'hans o*er mclyde hie lije ;
Hye 'r ho'n hand's t*ijle w'ijle, Bije,end, hand bij ho uw !

Wije 's er, gij ee leed hij.

Bije ijld, hitte t'up w'ijse woed ; Hand kd ee !

D'hans o'er m^lyde hie Hje
Bije ijld, hitte t'up w'ijse woed ; Hand kel ee !

Wije *s er, gij ee leed hij.

W'ijse woed, Hand kel ee, Wije ijle,Wasch ! er Wije e«.

D'hans o'er melyde hij lije.
W'ijse woed. Hand kel ee, Wije ijle,Wasch ! erWijeee.

Wije *s er, gij ee leed hij.

Bije ijld, hitte t'up w'ijse 's t'hone ; sij ho's t'e'r hoge^'n.

D'hans o'er melyde hie lije.
Huss sa t'w*ijle last voor ee, je ijse's logen !

Wije 's er, gij ee leed hij.

The thundering of the senseless fellow (Friar) disturbs
you, he is the source of alarm, a penalty brought upon
the eountry. The fellow is a merciless infliction to the
place. The noisy lown (Monk) agitates you, is a bug-
near, a distress upon the Land we live in. The Holy-
One holds a false doctrine, he says that your (the hea-
then Saxon's) hereafter (eternity) will be one of torment.
The Holv-One (Friar) says hell is to have the keeping
of the Saxon's soul. The Industrious -One (SaxonJ
in a rage at this replies, should there be such a thing at
fire for he who departs from this to the other world, you
may be sure that's the place where you (the Friar) will
pass your hereafter in. The fellow is a merciless in-
fliction upon the place we lire in. He tells us here, the
Devil is to have the custody of our shades ; You reply
with warmth, if there is such a Fellow,may he have the
charge of you for ever. The Holy- One (Monk) holds
a Mae doctrine^ he says our hereafter is to be torment.

978 ARGHJBOLQQT OP

The Industriou8>One (Saxon) is beside himself m re-
gard to the transmigration of his soul, he fitncies it is
to go on high (to heaven); the Holy- One's (the Friar's)
doctrine is hell for his (the Saxon's) next world. The
Fellow is a merciless infliction upon the place here. The
Saxon's inborn sense of his soul's passing hence to the
abode of his Creator is, to us, that of one out of hismind,
we (the catholick priests) afRrm on our own authority,
his next world is hell. The Holy-One (catholick priest)
holds a false doctrine, according to him he (the Saxon)
is to be in torment to eternity. The Industrious-One
(Saxon) worried at this, says, he who dreads fire for
his soul, torment for his next world, is akin to a madman*
The Fellow (Friar) is a merciless infliction upon the
country. The Saxon in a passion says, the one who
is in terror about being burnt in the next world, that
it is to be a place of torture, is a mere idiot. The Catho-
lick Priest holds a false doctrine, he affirms that the
hereafter of the Heathen is to be sufiering. The Sax-
on says, he who dreams the next world is to be a place
of torment is akin to a madman ; I (the Prie8t)say, let
any of you die, at once good by to heaven for you.
The Fellow (Friar) is a merciless infliction upon our
Country. The Saxon tells you, the one who fancies
he is to be tormented in the next word is near to
a madman,we (Friars) say, let there be an end to any of
you, farewell to the chance of heaven for you at once.
The Holy-One (Friar) is a heretick (maintainer of a
felse doctrine), he says your hereafter is to be a state
of torment. The provoked Saxon replies, whoever
fears fire is to be his next world is out of his mind,
and is he who maintains himself by the work of
his own hand, is he too to be in terror about
his hereafter? The Fellow is a merciless infliction
upon us here. Housed by this [what the Friar hag
said] the Saxon replies he that terrifies himself about
a hell being his next place is mad ; is he who has ful-
filled the purpose of his creation to dread his return to
his Creator, though a heathen ? The Friar is a false

NUKSERY RHYMES. 279

doctrinist, he says the Heathen is destined by him that
made him for eternal torment. He who says that to be
woe-begone about future torment is to be mad, and asks
if the self- providing heathen need be terrified about his
hereafter, talks, says the Holy-rone in a rage, like a mad-
man. What the Holy-one says is, be baptized (convert) ;
that's onr doctrine. The Fellow is a merciless infliction
upon the place. He who says, to be anxious about
where he is to go hereafter is the act of a fool [idiot] and
asks if the honest hard-working Saxon need to be
frightened about where he is to go next, talks says the
Friar in a fury, like one who does not know what he says
[like an idiot J. Let him be christened [become one of
us], that's our established law [implying that all who
dont .believe in the stuff he deals in are intended by their
Maker for a fire-bath to the end of time, although they
had never heard of the Friar's conundrums]. The
Friar [Missionary] holds a false doctrine, he deems our
hereafter to be a passover to a state of torture. The
Industrious-One piqued at this, says, he that is afraid
that fire will be for his next world, is to be laughed at ;
when we go to the place beyond our ken, it is into a station
of eternal happiness [as the natural sense of all mankind
till perverted by clerical and political craft]. The Fellow
[Friar] is a merciless infliction upon the Land we live
in. Say at once in a loud tone to him who is mad enough
to dread that he is to have disti-ess for his future state,
that which terrifies you is a lie (a falsehood, humbug).

Bije^ Wijt. ijse, lye^ gy, ho er, AiV, heU *e, in, up, i\ te, oiuwe*ny
which here occur throughout, have been explained repeatedly ;
loeriy loon, lown, sorry fellow, rascal ; done, the pres. pot. of donen^
to thunder^ roar, make a loud noise, also to be riotously merry ;
broke, penance, fine, extortion ; hanSy fellow ; berijde, the pres,
pot, of beryden^ to bestride, ride upon, to master, overrule ; hen^
hence ; je, you, also always ; o*er, oveTy aver^ above, passing by,
out of sight ; melyde^ medlyde, compassion, pity ; leed^ vexation,
injury, mischief; houwe^ the pres. pot. of Aoitu'en, Aouden, to hold,
to keep fast; schae^ scfuiede, schaeije, schaeduwey shade, shadow,
the raetonomy of the soul after death ; *' nor ever was to the bowers
of bliss conveyed, a fairer spirit, or more welcome shade" ;

280 ARGHiBOLOeT OF

hUte, heat, fire ; <'m/i, to on high, to up, out of sight, the type of
one who is gone there, that is, who is dead, done his duty here and
gone to his Maker ; giel^ soul ; vere, ve«r, taer, pass over, trans-
migration, crossing hence to Ihence, from here to there ; gehoUd,
haUd, the past part, of hoUen, to vun mad ; Ao*it, to on high, to
heaven ; tr', trt€, he who, the one who, who, also, as; end, the im-
perative of endetin etf%den, to end, to finish, of which to die, is the
metonomy ; b^, 6y, aside, beside, out of the way. not be had, de-
parture from ; hand, in the absolute sense ; hahd, the metaphorical
type of the self-maintaining, duty-doing heathen, the self-depen-
dent one while here ; ttoed, the pres. of woeden, to rave, to act
and talk like one out of his mind ; kel, frightened to death, outra-
geously alarmed, whence kelen, to be horrified, to horrify ; ee, etor-
nity, hereafter ; wasch, the imperative of woMchen, to purify, to
dip into the water, to stand in water, as the anabaptist does by way
of a christening ; hoge, heuge, heughe, joy, delight, happiness ;
fcaiM, the imperative of busten, to spit out aloud, to hiss ; m, 90,
instaatly ; also in this way, so ; last, distress, overburthen, oppres-
sion; vow, for ; logen, lie, falsehood. Loen done, muuds London ;
berj^e }e (nidge ; tn^ldye hie, my lady ; broke hen, broken ;
d'ouwe'n, down ; lye, lee ; gijee, gay ; Bye yld, build ? ergij ee'n,
again ; geholld, gold ; del-vere, s'lver ; er Wye ee, away ; e'fhone,
wtone ; 's fhoel, stole \h no letter ; w*iJ9e, with ; tyho's V e*r hoge%'^o
strong ; logen, long ; '« t yle, steel ; Vw'yle, 'twill ; ee je ijse's,
ages; wye's er, with a; lutte it; voor,for: woed^ wood; kel ee,
city ; hussa, huzza ; leed hfj, lady ; the e being formerly used by us
as the a now is ; lye, lee ; o'er, o'er ; wye's er, with a. fftth a
gay lady, may also be as wyse er gij ee leed hy ; p. e, he (the
I'riar) shows that eternal torment is for you (the heathen), which
comes to the same thing.

^."•^Humpty Dumpty sate on a wall ;
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall ;
Three score men and three score more
Cannot place Humpty Dumpty as he was before,

Homp t'hij, d'homp t'hij, sat, hone er wij all :
Homp thij, d'homp t'hij, hader, grete, valle:
Ter hie schouw er m^'n, ende tier hie schouw er m'o'er.
Keye not, Pije lese. Homp t'hij, d'homp t'hij, aes hije
wo aes. Bije voere !

The hegging friar when his helly has been filled, laughs
at us all for our pains ; in him we see contention, ava-

V '
mjRSSRT RHTMSS. 2SV

rice, and fraud personified ; terror fills the village whem
he comes in, and tumult arises there, with terror into
the bargain. The fool of a cloddy is the nut, the cowl
(priest) gathers (picks) it, The repeated sound of,
give me a bit of victuals, torments us here out of oi^r:
victuals. Out with this sting to us all^

Hompt hunch, slice of bread, meat, . cheese, &c. ; t*hy\ to he, to-
me ; d*hompf the lunch, scrap, bit ; Vhif^ as before ; and the U90al
begging phrase of the mendicant friars ; hence applied by the
8axon as a nick-name for the whole class, of which the Capuchini^
were the type ; truly depicted by Sterne in his sentimental Jottmal
in the detail of his intercourse with one of their, lay brothers at
Calais. Hemp Vhij (Vhomp Vhy, sounds humpty dumpty ; sat, sar
tiated, crammed, satisfied, whence the latin M^i«, enough; hone,
ridicules, the pres. tense of honen, to mock ; wfj, we ; all, as with'
us ; hader, contention, dissention, strife, and sounds had a ; gretti .
greediness ; voile, snare, sounds fall ; ter, at, in ; hie, place, vil- •
lage ; schouw, scare-crow, object of terror, terriculum ; m^'ii, ia/*
with, along with; tier, tumult, disorder; o*er, over, over; m*o*er,
over and above; Keye, dupe, here the personification of the priest-
bmnoodled clown .a« the then land owner, and necessarily cultivatoi';
pi^e, cowl, and thus the Catholick priest or friar personified ; yse,
terrifies; Ay>, persecutes by threats; tro, where; aes, food, provi-
lion ; Bife, is here as the fly with a sting, and thus the type of a
vagrant mischief; voer, voeder, provision, whence our f odder jM
stored food for cattle ; Bije hije voer, sounds b^ore ; y 4; as four s
sound as one ; a terminal e has no sound.

6S. — T II sing you a song

Nine verses long '

For a pin.
Three and three are sue •
u^nd three are nine ;
You a/re a fool.

And the pin is mine*:

Yle singe, uw er soge'n ;
N*Hye*nne vaese, ijse, logen;

Vo^r er pijne.
T*rije, hand t'rije Haer siecke*8 ; :
Hand tiere hie, Haei^, n'hje'n;
Uw haer er vulle,

Hand de Pije*n ijse m'hye*Q.

2o

982 ARCHiCOLOQT OF

The crazy oonundnim about being skiged (in hell
lure) hereafter, is that which brings in your ^iiouriah-
ment (milk, that which sucklee, fe^s you), the indus-
trious one does not get his livelihood by phantomizing,
almning, and lying ; his food is by hard work. To
bring to his rule, to have the Industrious one (the la-
bourer, cultivator) at his command is the malady of
die Friar (his disease, what he sickens for). The hand
(the use of the hand, work) is that by which it is

f^ >t on by here (that by which the Saxon thrivea), to the
riar doing no work is his trade (no work is his live-
j^ood). It is your doctrinal disputation which fills
ydut belly [your conversional strife feeds youl. The
^&d6f the Cowl [Priest] will also be the end oT terror
and torment to this place [in reference to his hell system
fttr tbem at heathens, and also to his dutmiog them
fittrfbod].

VUt the pari. pres. of yien, (;2ai, to fkacy foolish thingg, to talk
TB^^y ; 9imge, Ihe part. pres. of singen, sengen, to singe, to burn ^
iage, toogit the part. pros, of soogen^ to suck, to draw nourishment
from, to live by ; uuse, whim, fancy, phantom, delirivtm ; hgeu,
Uigenflie; also sycophancy, false discourse, fable ; pyn^^nepene,
pain, also labour, work« whence the latin pcena ; rye, the part. pres.
of jyen rijgen^ to rule, to regulate ; necket sickness ; tiere^ the
pari. pres. of Heren, to succeed, shoot up, prosper ; kaof hader^-
contention, battling; vulle, the pres. of vullen, to fill, to cram.
Yle sounds I'll ; aogen, song ; hgen long ; p(^, pin ; frpe^ three; and
§0 does tiere hie ; Haer,are\ A no letter; tmUeJbol; Pye*n,pin;
m'hye'n, mine ; ne hye inne, nine ; fMtese Use, verses.

€i, — jis I went over the water

The water went over me,
I heard an old woman eryinff,

Will you buy somefurmUy f
With a whip, stick
Your nose in her breech,

The cow leapt over the moon;
My dame she shit in the cream poi.

And we shall have butter soon,

Aes Hye, Wije ente ; hoev'er de warre t'eer,
De warre t'eer Wije ent hove*r tn'hije ;

1IVR6XRT RJITWBS. M3

Hye herde aen ; Ouwd Wije om aeo, kry«, hye, iiigei

Wilie uw Bije Hye, so om ver met hij ?
Wijse er wie'p 's t'ijck!
Uwer noijse m her briesch !

ITbtj kouw lapt ; hoere'r de mo^ hun^
M'Hye d'hamme lichie schiet in; de Keye rijehemj
Fye hotte;

Hand wij schie al have buet t'er. Sie ho hun.

The hard working one is the proviskm store, thfi
Holy One the gentle [maggot, the torpid eater of it]^
the oonsequence is a continual struggle between the
two; the Holy One (Priest) insures contention with
the homestead by his vexatious exactions ; the hard-
working one perseveres in his habitual course; the
Holy Wafer Man (Friar) bellows, teazes, pinches
(straightens for provision). You of the industrious
class have but to will it and there's an end to the whole
Friarly Gang (the intrwded Friarhood). Show Ijhe
Holy One that you are up to the mark (behave like one
who knows what he is about) ! Roar out the grievance
(the nuisance) his being here is to j^ou all (din in his
ears the outcry of the plague he is to you) ! All at
once this one's jaw comes to a stand-still (all of a sud-
im this kind of defiance ceases) ; the rabble has no
courage (there is no relying upon the cry of a mob).
The whole village (place in point) falls into accord with
this vapouring fellow ; the Cloddy (fool, idiot) submits
(behaves himself as usual) ; the Cowl (Friar) succeeds
(has his way), in a little time we (aU of us) and all our
property will become the booty of heresy (£iJse doc-
trine, superstition) ; so let us see they are out of sight
at once [let us get rid of them] !

Jles, provision, indefinitely; ente, the part. prei. of enien, to ia-
graft, to fix into, to eat or cut a way into tulMtance ; warren war,
strife, struggle ; hoeve^ the pres. pot. of Aomvn, hehtteviHy to behove,
to be requisite ; ^*eer, for ever, indefinitely ; Aooe, A(/, homestead,
family residence ; A(;>, the part. pres. of h^e% hyen, to worry ;
omver, amcerre^ down, out of sight ; nut, wieed, mede, with; herdi,
the pret. pot. of herdeft, to go on as before, to continue ««tiiig as

2o3

ISM ABCHJEOLOGT OV

•always; ofii, on ; Ouufel-Wije, the consecrator of the Wafer (the
Priest) ; om, arouud, to go round ; krye, the pres. poi. of kryeHy to
cry, to roar ; h\;e, the pres. pot. of hyen, to torment ; inge^ the
pres. pot. of ingen, to straighten ; H'(;«f, the pres. pot. of w^^sen^
to show, to prove, indicate ; wie, who, the one ; 'p, i^, up ; ijck^
mark, standard ; novxe, nuisance, mischief, damage ; brieich, the
imperative of brieaclien, to roar, to bray ; kouw, jaw ; ktpt, the
pres. ofUtpen^ lappen^ to lap, to fix together, to make stable;
kamme^ hamlet ; schiet, the pres. of schieteti, to run off, to desert,
also to change colour, as in fright; hot', the pres. of hotten^ to
happen as wished ; bueiy buyt, booty, spoils, rubbery ; moe, nMedj
'Courage, preseuce of mind ; at once ; ff^arre Veer^ sounds as wa
.pronounce water ; Hye herde, I heard ; moi hun, moon ; tckie,
9ke; 9ckietf8hit; er, erre, heresy, error, false religion; Mi ko hm,
-mon; tie, let us see.

65. — Round about, round about
Maggotty pie.
My father loves good ale
^nd 80 do I,

?touw 'nnd, er Bije ho uit, rouw 'nnd er, Bije ho nit ;

Mag gote t'hij, Pje.
M'Hje vaer t*e*r love's, gij houde ee hel ;

Hand ftij ho, du hye.

The Saxon m always exclaimipg, the Friar is adis-
tturbance introduced amongst us. The Friar says, wav
•I but able to make the Saxon baptize (convert to
'Christianity to my faith) ! With the Saxon the passing
from this state into eternal life is God's promise to
»him,you>(the Friar) hold it to be eternal torment for him.
^Do let the Saxon keep his heaven for himself, and you
•your hell for yourself.

Houw, grief, sorrow, distress ; '»»(f, iniidf the past part, of innen,
to put or set within ; wwg, the imperative of mogen^ to be able, to
.prevail with ; gote^ fusion of water, and the Saxons type of ana*
ibaptism, the christian's mode of baptism at that day ; tToer, trans-
migration ; f, ee, eternal duration ; also law, doctrine ; love, the
part. pres. of loven^ to promise ; heU hell ; hye^ state of suffering,
•the Saxuu'8 t>pe of the Friar's hell; hy, he, the one here, the in-
■habitant of the land ; Bijey type of the Saxon self provider ; Ac,
iheaven ; tij, the inoperative of ^M, to be.

NURSERY RHTMB6. 2^

66. — ^Dingle , dingle y dooseyy
The cat's in the well ;
T%e dog's away to Bellingeny
To buy the bairn a bell.

D'inge el, d'inge el, doose hij ;

De Guyte's in, de wij hell,
T'hij d'hoge's er, wee t'u, belle, inge hen.

Toe Baeye, de Baer in, er belL

W^orrying, worrying every one, is the fellow's strong-
box (capital, treasure). The Rascal (Friar) has fixed
himself here ; the fellow who says we (heathens, Saxons)
are destined for hell. For himself he holds the next
world is to be a scene of happiness, for you a scene of
wailing, howling, and torment. Let this Man of the
Sackcloth ,be put an end to, away with this growling
beast (Bear) to his own made hell, and there let him
howl (bellow).

Doose^ box, strong-box, coffer (type of capital, treasure) ; hence
our dose as the box or cover which holds that which is intended for
our use and health ; Guijte, blackguard, lying rascal, nehulo ; hoge^
htnge, delight, joy ; irec, sorrow, lamentation ; belly the imperative
of beUefij to bellow, roar, howl. D'hinge elj sounds dingle; cat
i» the constantly used travesty of guyte, lying rascal, nefmlOf as hat
been frequently explained here ; tcij hell^ well ; d'hoge^a, dog*» ;
cfr wee, away ; Vu, to ; Baeye^ buy ; Baer in, baim^ the scotch term
for child, Guyte is stUI in use in Scotland in the form of Gyti ;
he isgaen clean guyte, is, he is become an entire blackguard; se*
Boswell's Life of Johnson, ed. 1835. v. 5. p. 136 ; er, there, type
of the place to come, the other world.

67. — If all the world was apple-pie

jlnd all the sea was ink ; %

And all the trees were bread and cheese^
What should we do for drink.

Huyf al de war, relld ; wo aes happe el Pye ;
Hand al die sij wars incke.

tBS AKCEMOLOBY OF

Hand al die tiere ijse, wee, ere breed; Hand schie ijse.
Wo at schie houd Wije du ; voer die rije incke !

The Man of the Coif (lawyer) it the source of all the
contention among us, always railing at us here ; The
One of the Cowl (Friar) snatches off your food where
ever he finds it ; and between them they prosecute every
one who is adverse to either. The Industrious Saxon
is horrified at all this bedlamite rumpus, it spreads
misery and superstition amongst us ; it astounds the
••imple-minded Saxon. Wherever there is provision in
ft trice you have the Holy-One with you ; do let us rid
ourselves of this pest to nature's r^^ation (to thait
order dictated by the reason with which our Maker hsm
endued us; referring to self-pro vbioA and rational re-
ligion).

IFor, war, confusion, contention (see p, 24. L 22.) ; f^lU, the
pres. of reUen, to rail at ; «(^ to tfaem, to him ; tDorf, averse, con-
trary to ; Here, the part. pres. of tieren, to rave, to tear and rend ;
breed, the pres. of breeden, breyden, to spread abroad ; er, ere, erre,
heresv, superstition ; houd, the pres of ktrnweH, houden, to hold.
HuHf^ koffjfe, hoyffe, the french eiitf, the italiau aemfia^ and our eeitf
(now the black patch in the lawyer's wig, but once the typical cap
which covered both the then fellow-heads of lawyer and priest) are
A same word ; the foreign clergy and our lawyers of the upper
grades are still distinguished by their black head-patch. Wwr reUd
as we pronounce world ; kapp eU opfie ; eij,§ea; war*, woM ; iitre
^, trees I tree ere, were; eehie ijae, cheese', eehie k$ud, shm^d,
shoidd; wiidu,wedo; dierU incke, drink,

68.— J%^ man in the moon

Cams tumbling down,
And asked his way to Norwich,
He went by the south
jlnd burnt his mouth
JFith supping hot pease porridge.

T'hie m'Hanne in de mo^ hun

Keye hemme, t*om Bije lije inge, d'ouwe'n !
Hand aes, Keye et, hisse wee t'u nd'r wische.

NURSKRT BHTlfBS. ^7

Hie wee'nnt by die souw's,
Hand barnt hisse mouw's
Wis sij upp' inge, botte Pije's ; Pije ho'r ! rijd je I

The Cloddy (Saxon workman) grumbles out, with
the timid among us, distress of mind has been introduced
by the fellow who says when the Saxon dies his
state is to be that of suffering torture ; into the ground
with him (get rid of him). The Saxon provides the food,
the Crazy-One (Priest, in the Saxon's eye the preacher
of an incredible doctrine) eats it ; and one's own mind
tells us that which is a plague to us, it is necessary should
be swept away (got clear of). By this Hog unhappi-'
Bess has been introduced into the place. His declare
ation that the Saxon is to burnt (is to go to hell) is all
a flam. It's being a certainty that when you (Saxons)
die, you have a place of torment for your future state
is a thing entirely got up by the Friar himself (a thing
of hjs own invention). Up with the Friar there (hang
him up, get rid of him) and then all will be right (as it
was before he came.)

Hanne, hennef the Saxon's type of the timid one, the Friar's dupe ;
mo&, meeij, moedet trouble, anxiety ; wisch, a brush ; Miitr, hog,
aow ; fNoatir,literally,a sleeve or muff, which covers the arm or hand,
but used metaphorically for a deception, a sly story, a reserved imoii*
imgf uchier de mouw hebben^ is to deceive, to impose upon : baintf
the pres. of barmen^ bernen, branden, to burn ; tois, certain ; vppe.,
oppe, op, up, over with, done for, dead, we say it is aU up with himt
and mean he is dead, done for ; hotte, the part. pres. of Kotten, to
bring together, to jumble together, to concrete, also to curdle ;
r^d, the pres. of r^en, r\}gen, to put in order, to regulate, to ar-
range in true method ; v> ^^ ever, as it alway« was. J^ Huntke,
sounds ma»; mo^ hun, moon; Vom Bye l\je inge, tumbling; au
Keye et, asked; n6*r wisch, Norwich; souw^s, south; moum^s
wmtUi ; ey uppe ing, supping ; Pif'es, peas ; PHe hor r{fdee , por-
ridge,

69. — u4 diller a doller^

A ten o'clock scholar.

JThat makei yw^eome io stum f

268 ARCH^OLOGt OP

Vou used to come at ten o'clock
And now you come at noon.

Er d' ijl laer, er d*hdl laer ;
Er t'hen ho Kloeck *8 Keye al Haer ;
Wo at mach's u ; Kom soe soe h un ,
U u ijsd toe Kom, at t*hen ho Kloeck !
Hand uo u, u Kom mat, nu ho hun!

There* 8 the one from whom the idle doctrine we
hear of here come*s, there's the one who empties the
store-room; there's the one to whom the summit of
cunning is to make the Cloddy just such a thing as
himstrlt' (the mishionary Friar). Where there is pro-
vision he is mighty complaisant to you; the Man of
the Chalice (Friar) is sure of his meal, when you have
one for yourselves. When you see this Fellow you
are frightened out of your wits, while with them it is
mil unshaken front (im})udence), the not having enough
for yourself is at hand, the Man of the Chalice pau-
perizes you, now is the time to get rid of the wHole set
(it*s now high time you should hang them all up).

JjlCf ylf the part. pres. of y/fn, to be toolish, to talk idly ; hir,
learning, doctrine ; iaer, vacuity, emptiness, an empty space ; hoi,
cellar, store-room, in french cave ; klock. vigilance, cunning, art ;
mack, genuuhy facile, easy to deal with, convenient; ao^, soede, th«
Tictual pot, the kettle in ^ich the Saxons family meal was cooked ;
iUtn, to them ; ijsd toe, completely horritied, where it is the past
pari, of iisen, to be in a state of stagnation, to be as when we say,
my blood froze in my veins; no, scarcity, insufficiency; t*hem,tQ
them; ma^, the past. part, of maten, to dispauperate, impoverish';
and from matten, to kill, the latin has its tnactare in the same sense.
Kom, chalice, type of the Friar as its sacramental diffuser, keeper
of the bread or wafer forhisexclusiye ^'^uJp, of which the laiinpaterajBM
that which was used by the presiding functionary at their sacrifices
to the gods is the equivalent ; meri ■patera implevit regina ; Dido
(the queen alluded to) Med the wiue-chulice with her own hands
(filled it herself). DHl laer, sounds diller; d* hoi laer, doUar ; er
t'hen ho, ateno*; kloeck, clock ; *s Keye al Haer, scholar ; mach*s
u, makes you, cA as k; soe hun, soon; u u i/gd, you used; t*hen,
ten ; ho kloeck, oUclock ; nu ho hun, noon.

NURSERY RHYMES. 289

70. — We're all dry with drinking on't^
We're all dry with drinking on^t^
The piper kissed the fiddler's wife
And I can't sleep for thinking orCt.

Wie ere hael de rye ; Wije*s d'er, incke, inge, ho'nnt !
Wie ere hael de rye ; Wije's d'er, incke, inge, ho'ntit !
De Pye'p e'r, keye hisst, t'hie vied, dele, ers wij Huyf ;
Hand Hye Ka'nnt, sij lije'p; voer sij, incke, inge
ho'nnt.

The Friar keeps on saying for the heretick the fur-
nace (hell) is in the order of things. The Cloddy ex-
claims, the Friar is the heretick with us, the infliction,
the torment, let him be put out of sight, let him be got
rid of I say. The Friar once set up here, he becomes
the source of strife and dissension ; it is wrong for us
to suffer the Friar to be here. Let the hard working
Saxon see the Jackdaw (chattering Friar) in the ground
(buried, out of sight) ; his suffering will be done with,
he will have provision, and his infliction and torment
got rid of (out of sight).

Wie^ he who ; ere, the pres. pot. of ereriy erren^ to err in regard to
faith, to hold false doctrine ; er, heresy ; Aa^/, furnace, type of hell ;
'p, tc/), op, up, up, done for at an end ; all the other terms here used
have been explained. Wie ere, sounds we'ere; de rye, dry;
d'er inke inge, drinking ; ho*nnt, on*t ; P^e*p e*r, piper ; e, ee, al-
ways, for ever ; keye kisst, kist, kissed ; vied dele er, fiddler ; ay
fije*Pi sleep ; sij incke inge, as we pronounce thinkings

71. — The little RoUn Red Breast and Jenny Wren
Are God Almighty's cock and hen.

De lije t' el Robb'in rede Bije ree est, hand je inne hij
renne.
Haer goed hael m' Hye t'ijse ; kack ! hand Henne.

That curse to all of us the Man in the Frock ser-
monizes us, eats our (the Industrious Ones} mutton

2p

290 ABCHiEOLOGT OF

and then is off to our store-room to see what we have
there. The Friar's only estate is his patent furnace
(self-invented hell) to frighten the hard working Saxon
with (in reference to the Saxon's denounced state of
perdition as an unbechristianized infidel) let his timid
dupe say to him at once, shit upon you !

Redef the pres. pot. of reden, to speak to, to address the speech
to ; ree, roe, wild goat, the prime lood of that day as now in Italy,
Spain, and other place<«, with us substitiUcd by the sheep, mutton ;
est the pres. of e.'ieHy to eat, to take Ibod ; remtet store room, cel-
lar, safe ; g'Ofd, property, estate ; hael, furnace, type of the Monk's
Hell ; \js€j alaim ; kack, the imperative of kacken, to cack, but
used by the vulgar as an expression of the utmost contempt, as fy
upon you ! shit upon you ! Bije ree est sounds bi^easi ; Je hinne Ay
renne^ jenny wren ; hael nCHije t'ijse, Almighiifs ; kack^ kock ;
hennct hen.

72. — Ride a cock-horse ;
To Banhury -cross ;
To see what Tommy can buy /
-df penny white loaf
A penny white cal^
And a two penny apple pie,

Ryde er gack horse

Toe ban bij u'r hij krose ;
Toe sij wo at t'homme hij Kanne Baeye ;

Er Pije Henne hie wyte loof ;

Er Pije Henne hie wvte keke ;
Hand er tij up hen ! nie happe hel-Pye !

The here tick missionary (Friar; in the eye of the
Saxon, the propagator of false doctrine) rides his cock-
horse here (domineers over those who have become his
dupes) ; he croaks out his holy curse upon you ; The
Man of the Cup and Frock pays his visit to all those
about him who have any provision. The Man of the
Cowl (Friar) upbraids you with your faith (religion,
being a lieretick). Let the shy cloddy upbraid him for
his own heresy and for the nonsense he gabbles to us.

NURSERY RHYMES. 291

Let the Saxon tie the set up [hang them all] ; let us have
no fellows here who tell us hell is to snap us all up (as
heathens).

Ryde, the pres. of ryden, to bestride, to master ; f^ack, fool ;
tun'sej as with us now, and cock-horse, is the schoolboy's term for
the one upon whose back anoiher rides ; a term well known to
every one bred in a public school. Johnson gravely defines
it as a man on horse-back, triumphant and exulting, and quotes
froxa Prior,

*' Alma, they strenuously maintain,

** Sits COCK-HORSE On her throne the brain."

Where the phrase means simply the pedantical whims instilled into
the head of a College scholar, who has not got rid of them by
social intercourse at other places ; ban, anathema, ecclesiastical
curse, excommunication ; krose, the pres. pot. of kroseriy to croak,
a figurative term tor the dismal humbug tone assumed by the Friar ;
om, omme, around, all about the place iu point ; t*, te^ to, to be or
set iu motion ; wyte, wyf, pros, and imperative of wyten, to throw
in the teeth, to reproach with; loof, geloof, belief; keke, the
part. pres. of keken, to chatter, to talk stuff, to rigmarole; t\j,
the imperative of tijen^ to tie up, to draw up or on; heUPye, the
Saxon nickname for the Friar, as the patent inventor of hell, the
staple of his shop ; er, errCy erdom, heterodoxy, heresy, the type of
the Friar in the eye of the Saxon, and of the Saxon Heathen in
that of the Friar, and, likeer (there) is represented in sound by
a; hen, for them, among (hem ; nie, we, no, none ; Iiappe, the pres.
pot. of happen, to snatch, to snap, to catch hold of. Ban by u'r
hij, sounds Banbury ; fomme hij, Tommy ; Kanne Baeye, can buy ;
P{je Henne hij, penny ; tye up hen nie, as we pronounce two-penny ;
kapite hel, apple, h no letter.

73. — T?ie rose is red, the grass is green.
Serve king George our noble king ;
Kitty the spinner, will sit down to dinner,

And eat the leg of a frog ;
All good people look over the steeple

And see the cat play with the dog.

Dere ho's, ijse reede, de geraes is gere hie in !
Saye erve Keye inge, je hoore, je ouwe'r no; bij el
Keye inge,

2p3

292 ARCHEOLOGY OF

Kitte hie dij's pijn oere ; Wije ijle's hitte d*ouwe'n ; toe

d'inne er.

Hand hiet t'hij leeg, of er vroeg !
All gij houd Bljbel! Loo Huijck, hoev'er die stapel !

Hand, sie hie de Guyte ; Pije hel ee wijse dij ; die hog !

Offended feeling has reached it's pitch among us ;
alarm is preparing ; tumult is gathering in the place ;
you hear for ever the cry of, the settlement of the Man
of the Gown (Friar) among us is an infliction upon
the Cloddy [labouring Saxon], an intrusion of scarcity
to the land we live in ; let this curse to the Cloddy be
sent off from hence ! The Man of the Tankard (chalice)
being tolerated here, says of itself, it is yourselves who
provide your own punishment ! The Holy-One keeps
the land in a flame ! Put an end to this introducer
of false doctrine. Say at once to him in a gentle tone ;
take yourself off as fast as you can ! You have no
baggage but your Bible to pack up ! The Man of the
Hood [FriarJ replies in a same tone, that's a stapel
which is sadly wanted among you hereticks ! The
Saxon says, see what a Rascal you have here, he wants
to teach you the Friar's hell-doctrine ! hang him up !

Dere, deyre^ oflfence, injur)-, hurt ; reede, the part. pres. and pres.
pot. of reeden^ to get ready, to prepare ; geraeSy fury, disturbance ;
gerey the part. pres. of geren, gaereUy to gather, collect ; Saye,
Ciown, l\pe of Friar; erve, the pres. pot. of erven^ to inherit, to
become settled, fixed in reference to the state or object in poii4;
huorey the pres. pot. of hooreriy ooreriy to hear, to ear ; KittCy a lai^'e
kind of cup or tankard ; a nickname of the Saxon's for the Chalice ;
hijTiy penCy pain ; nere, neerey neeringef victuals, nourishment, pro-
vision ; bijy aside ; eCy elsewhere ; leeg, low, lowered, in reference
to voice, as in an under tone ; vroegy early, soon ; houdCy the pres.
pot. of houderiy to hold, to have, to possess ; ho^ low as explained
at leeg ; lluycky robe, gown ; type of the Friar ; stapely staple,
magazine and also steeplCy pyramid, as that which is formed into
loftiness by accumulations, and such is the steeple of a church ; hog,
the imperative of hogetiy IwogeUy to lift up on high, to settle above
the level of the ground. Dere ho's, sounds the rose ; ijse reede,
is red ; gere hie in, green ; Saye ervcy serve ; je hooreje, George ;
but without any reference to any Hanoverian race, though

NURSERY RHYMES. 293^

probably that which suggested the Cant Song with God sace king
George f our noble king in it ; ouwe'r^ our ; no In/ el, noble ; keye
inge, king ; Kitte hie, Kitty ; *s pijn nere, sfiwner ; 's hitte^ sU ;
d*ouwe*n, down ; d*inne er, dinner ; hiety eat ; gy houde, good ;
Bybely people, see v. I.p.l58.n. l\. of this Essay; sie hicy see\ Guytey
cat ; JPiJe hel ee, play ; dij d'hog, the dog ; keye inge, king ; no b\j
ely noble.

74. — Little hoy^ pretty hoy^ where was you horn f
In Lincolnshire, master^ come blow the cow's

horn ;
A half penny pudding , a penny pie,
A shoulder of mutton, and that love I,

Lije t'el boeije, Pije, ret t'hij, boeye; wij ere, wo ae»

uw, bij oor'n ;
In lije incke hon ! schier m'aes t'er ; Keye humme ;

blouwe de Kouw's hoore'n !
Er Heij'p Pije hen! nie Puyd-ding! er Pije hen, nie

Pye!
Er schie ho el d'er ! Of muijt t'ho'n ; hand t'at love

Hye.

The Friar is the curse to every man*s house; if the
Saxon has a rima [woman] to himself the fellow is
never out of sight (always at it) ; he is the one by
whom our ears are dinned with, You are all here-
ticks, where are the victuals you ought to give us ? The
Cloddy grumbles out, in with this curse infliction and
imposition, cut off at once the finding food for this
fidsehood preacher! This chattering Jackdaw should
be knocked on the head at once. The hard-working
One is done up by having the Friar amongst us, hence
[away] with this Pulpit-stuff (Friar) ; the Friar brings
heresy to them here ; let us have no more of him. He
is the fellow who tells us our faith of having Heaven
for an hereafter is false doctrine ! The fellow who wants
us to dismiss our trust in the One on high being off
[[got rid of], the Industrious Saxon has nature's prom-
ise that his own hand shall be sufficient to provide for
him.

^96 ARCHiEOLOGY OF

The Mad-Fellow [Missionary] says, be baptized ! go
to confession ! let your heretical tenets be buried for
ever ! Your beloved hereafter (the Saxon's faith that, as
he did not make himself, he was created to return to
a responsible and kind Maker) will be the cause of fu-
ture torment. The Saxon says, in a spiteful tone, to
this Piece of Tmmpery (Friar), you a stranger, strip
those to whom this land belongs of right. The
Mad-Fellow continues mumbling out, your future state
will be torment for ever ! The Saxon, happy in his own
way of thinking, whispers out, you are only to be
quizzed for such stuff as this ! The honest good na-
tured Heathen [Countryman! adds aside, the Bible is
their market ; the preaching a false doctrine (heresy) is
all they have to live upon (implying, consequently we
must not use them ill for it, but only laugh at them).

Ooiij the pres. of ooden, to make a waste of, to empty, to des-
poil ; »o<w/, matter of necessity, need. Holldy gehoUd, the past,
part, of hoUenj to become mad, to be out of the mind, and thus as
the mnd-one ; in reference to his doctrine in the eye of the Saxon,
dock, the imperative of docken, duycken, to duck, to dip, to im-
merge, the type of the old form of baptism^ at present adhered to
by the anabaptist only, and thus the emblem of 9. Christian ; t\ te^
to go to; /ii//e, emporium, exchange; oor, ear, as that of the Con-
fessor placed at the hole of the Confession box to hear what any one
is fool enough to tell him ; and thus as the staple engine of the
Catholick Priest and his government ; /osse, ditch, hole in the
ground, grave, with which the french /oss«, is a same word, the
type of a place whence that which is put in never comes out again;
losty gelost, the past. part, of losten, lusten, to long for, to desire ar-
dently, to be lewd upon ; e, ee, eternity, hereafter ; JPrye, carrion,
worthless stuff; ood, the pres. of ooden, to empty, make good ; wee,
woe, suffering, grief, indefinite anguish ; eer, ever; scheer, the im-
perative of sheeren^ to mock, to treat like a fool, laugh at, quiz,
geve, gaeve, honest, natural ; sat, contented, satisfied ; hoed, the pres.
of hoeden, to heed, to attend to. Dock, foor, sounds doctor ;fo88€f t*
oar, Foster; gelost er, Glo'sfer; Pr}je hische^ preach; w\j oord,
word ; gij ood, God ; scheer, chair; geve^ gave; halle, all ; Bijbel,
people ; nood, nod ; H and p being interchanging consonants Byhel,
sounds as we ■pronounce people, and is a Saxon's nickname for a priest,
to whom it is the staple commodity, that out of which he lives; as
has been before instanced here.

RURSBET BHTMIS. 297

77. '^Four and twenty tailors
Went to kill a snail;
The heat man amongst them
Durst not touch her tail.

She put out her horns

Like a little Kyhe com ;
Mun tailors, run !

Or shell kill all e'en now,

Voor hand t' Wije hen tije t'heel hoore*8 ;

Weent t'u, kille er 's nae hd.
De Bije hetse m*aen ; er monck stemme^

Die u' r's te nut, tasche her t'ee hel.

Schie put uit her hoore'n 's ;

Lycke er Lije t'el, Keye loo kouwe;
BaS'n t*heel hoore^s ! Ka^'n !

O'er schie ijle ! kille ael, hij'ni n'ouwe !

That the Monk should march off is quite necessary ;
he groans out to you (Saxons), your station, when
gone hence [dead], is in hell. The Saxon irritated by
this, says, that's atU a concern made up by you the
Monk (trumped up among you Eriars) ; the thing is
a valuable commodity to you ; that our eternal here-
after is to be hell is a purse to you (as regards its being
a mean of extorting from his dupes). Surely it is out
duty to extinguish such a fellow as this for ever, this
Curse to us all being once made a corpse of the op-
pressed Cloddy will have something to use is jaws with
(something to eat). In with him at once, it is quite
right he should be entirely got rid off! Over with
(put an end to) this madman at once ; the Saxon adds,
our last station is not the ground [grave ; body and
soul are not buried together ; and as the Saxon's £aith
was his being the imperishable creature of a wise and
benevolent Maker, his trust in him for his hereafter
naturally led to the belief of its being a state of hap-

2q

298 ABCHiBOLoaT or

pinest, that he was not created merely to be fried for
not believing what he could not even understand].

Vwnr handf off hand, at once ; hen, hence ; tyCf the pres. pot. of
t^en, tygeUt to go away, to set off. all to draw away forcibly ; heel^
whde, entire ; t'heel, wholly, entirely ; hooret the part. preg. of
Aooim, to be proper, requisite ; weent, the pres. of weenen^ to whine ;
Vu^ to you ; kUUy state, station, position, harbour ; vtof, at, in ;
ketUt ^^ P>^c>« pot* of hetsen^ kitten, to become excited, to he in>
flamed ; m*aen, thereon, thereby ; Mnnck, munck^ monick, monk ;
stemme, the part. pres. of stemmeny to compose, to put together, to
settle ; nut, emolumertt, profit, utility ; knuwe, part. pres. of kouw-
en, to chaw, to eat ; tasche, purse, pocket, which formerly were
the same thing, whence our expression pocket-money i%s money
carried in the purse or pocket for use ; her, there ; fe,eternity4
everlasting ; jmJt nit, the pres. of uit putten, to exhaust, to free
from, to take all out to the last drop ; lycke, carcase, corpse ;
loo, depressed, oppressed, humiliated; kouwe, the part. pres. of
kouwen, kauwen, kuwen, to chaw, to chew ; ra^, ride, raede, at
once, quickly ; ho, high, out of sight, the type heaven ; ael, last,
extreme, ultimate ; hij, he the Saxon, mankind : «*, ne, no, not ;
ouwe, auwe, earth, ground ; T* fFije hen tije, sounds twenty ; i*heel
hoore'H, taylors ; er^s nae hel, a tnail ; Bije hetse m*aen, best man ;
er munch ttemme, amongst them ; die uWste, durnt ; ra&^n, run ;
&er, or ; hoore'n's, horns ; h^'*n n*ouwe, e*n nttw. Schie ijle, she*U ;
*n, in, in comes in with, says ; 'n hy, the Saxon comes in with. o*er,
wer, over, done with, dead; its all over with him, he is done
for, either as dead or ruined; ee, for ever, eternal. 7**, te
Wjje hen tjje, sounds twenty ; t*heel hoore's, taylors ; Bife hetse
m*aen, best man ; er Munck stemme, amongst them ; toe hussche,
touch; fee hH, tail.

78. — See saw Sacaradown ;

Wliich is the way to London town f
One foot upy t?ie other foot down^
That is the way to London town.

Sij sauw Sack, Ka raed houwe*n.
Wije hische, ijse, die w'heye ; toe? loen don ! touwe'nn.
Wije ho *n voet up, t'ho's er foute d'ouwe'n,
T*haet is dij w*heye ; toe loen don ! touwe*nn.

With the Friar we have a bog among us, with the
Abbe (Preacher) the clipper of our provision. The

KURSSBT RHTlffBS. 29^

Holy-Set speaks out alann to us, that which distresses
us. Up then jou lazy loon and roar out to them, you
shall be roped (hung) ! Was the Holy-Set (Friars and
Abbes) once with the foot a little higher than the level
of the ground, our belief that heaven is our next world
will be no longer charged to us a crime ; he that re-
proaches us is then silenced (in his grave, buried). The
one who distresses us is the natural object of our
detestation. Forwards then you lown, bellow out to
him, you shall be roped (strung up)!

Sauw, 80UWy hog, type of filth and greediness ; Ka, Jackdaw,
type of the chattering Ahbe, a catholick preacher ; raed, house-
h(Ad store ; houwe, the part. pres. of houwen, to cut off; heye, the
part. pres. of heyen, to vex; hen, loon, lown, peasant; don, the
imperative of danen^ to thunder, to roar ; touwe, rope, halter ; ho,
indefinite elevation, either just above the ground or out of sight
from heighth ; Sack, sack, type of the coarse shapeless frock of the
Friar, hence his trope. fVye hische, sounds which ; w^e ho*n, one;
Vho*8 er, t*other ; w*heye, way ; w*, wie, he who ; foute, fault, and
wmtf foot, sound alike.

79. — Hark / Hark ! the dogs do hark ;
Beggars are coming to town ;
Some in jagSy and some in rags^
jlnd some in velvet govms.

Hye harck, hye harck, dij d'hoge's, du Bije harcke !

fiije hege gar's haer Kom inge toe touwe'n.
Sij cm in jage's, sij om in rije hagge's.

Hand sij om in wij hel wie heete, gaS ouwe'ns

Listen I say, listen your tormenting fellow ! you are
the true stuff for the gallows (for an uplift) thou harass-
er of the industrious Saxon. The omy sure protection
the Saxon has is to rope up (hang) this causer of con-
tention and tormentor for you to l)ecome a sacrament-
man (catholick). This fellow done for, there's an end
to our being hunted after (watched), and an end to
organizing strife amongst us. Put but an end to the
fellow who says the Saxon is only bom for fuel to (as a

2q3

100 AioaAoiiOOT or

»tibr) hdly and in a moment joy pervades the land,
le above seems a repartee of the Heathen or Na^
tural Beligionist the intruded propagators of, for to the
Saxon of that day, a novel and incomprehensible doc-
trine^ as well as an oppressive system from the greechr
requisitions of the Missionaries for their maintenance J.

£t]ftf, the part. pres. of hifen, Ay«n, to torment ; karck, the iin-
pemtive otkareken^ hereken, horeken,lo harrow up, to harrass^to rake
up, to ftir about ; hoge, the part. pres. of kogen, hoogen, to elevate,
to uplift, emblematically to hang up, to suspend on the gallows ;
kege^ the part. pres. of hegen, to protect ; gar, goer, quite, entirely,
furely ; kier, hader, strife ; Kom, cup, chalice, type of the catholick
communion ; ionve, rope, halter, emblematically the one that goes
round the neck at- the gallows ; «y, they, the set ; orUf at an end, over,
done for ; j^g'«, the part. pres. of j(fg'eR,ja«g'eii, to ferret after, to
hunt about, to follow as the hound does the hare ; rye, the part,
pres. of rHen, tygen, to organize; hagge, the part. pres. of kaggen,
te contend, to diq>ute, to quarrel and fight together ; to', loie, the
one who ; god, gade, gmf^ joy, gaiety, utmost delight; ouwe, land,
country; keeU, part. pres. of hieien, to heat, to make hot, to set on
lire, substantiYcly fire ; wyhel, hell for us ; tote, as, for, tote heeie,
for the heating, for the fuel, implying, he holds us as mere faggots
for hell-fire, ffye hMTck, sounds hark ; dy d^hoge's, the dogs ; b^
harcke, bark ; Bye hege gar s, beggars, haere, are ; sifom, wme ;
rye haggei's, rags ; toy hel w*heete, velvet, the to sounding as v does
now, flLud V as/ does now ; gae ouwe'n*s, gowns,

80. — I had a little moppet^
And put it in my pockety

And fed it mth earn and hay.
There came a proud beggar
And swore he would have her^

And stole my little moppet away.

Hye hader lije t'el mod^ppe heet.

Hand, Pije nit hitte, in m'Hye,Pi>e oock heet.
Hand vede hitte wijse kor'n ; Hand heye.

T'ere, Keye hemme, er Pije'r houd bij hege ga^*r;

Hand's w'hore, hij woed heve her
Hand's t'ho el m'Hye, lije t'el mo6'ppe, heete er Wije ee.

The Saxon says he is quite tired of disputation and

VURSXRT BHYMSS. 301

the fitory of his (the heathen's) being to suffer in another
world. The Saxon says at once, fire for his hereafter is
a mere invention of the Friar ; the Friar to be even with
says, in with the Saxon into it ! A violent quarrel en-
sues which brings the antagonists into a court of law.
The Saxon is the sufierer (is cast). I was mad when
I did this, mutters out the Cloddy, for there the Friar
has a fast hold from a favouring associate (in allusion
to the lawyer and the friar being, at that day, each of
the tonsured or clerical class, as has been before ob-
served here), and I had no more than I deserved, for
I (the Saxon) am the one who fosters this madman
here. With the Saxon from here to elsewhere is direct-
ly to Heaven ; he holds the idea of suf^ring, as that
of hjs next state, to be a mere idle fancy ; to be burnt
as a he ; a mere doctrine hatched up by the Friar.

HaedeTy haer^ contention, quarrel ; Trut^^ moed, mind, intellect ;
moede, muedet tired, fatigued, exhausted; ^ppe^ op^ u/), up, done for,
finished, over ; uiif utters ; oock, at the same moment, equally ;
koTy court of law; heye, pres. pot. of hey en, to suffer; hegCy t^
part. pres. of hegen, to protect, defend; goA, gode, companion,
equal ; heve, feeder, nourisher, nurse ; heete^ £be part. pres. of
heetetif to he on fire, to he in heat ; heet, the pres. of heeten, to say ;
the other terms are all pre-explained ones. Hue had er^ soundls /
had a; moi*ppe heet, moppet; Pye tttt,put; kitte, U; Pye oock
heet^ pocket ; kor^n, C9m ; heye, hay ; Ptf'e'r houd, prend ; by hege
gae*r, beggar; *t w^h^ore, tvmre; *8 fhoel, stole; er Wye ee, away^

81. — There was an old woman •
LWd under a hiU ;
She put a mouse in a hag
And sent it to mill.

The miller did swear
By the paint of his knife

He never took toll
Of a mouse in his l\fe.

T*ee 'r woaes een OEwel-Wije om aen ;
Luijde him dij ^, er hij ijle ;

302 AECHJCOLOGT OF

Schie putte er m'hou's ; inne er bij hagghe;
Hand Send hiet toe m'ijle ;

Die m'ijle*r died, sie wie erre ;

Up on de poynt Hof hisse nae Huyf^
Hij ne verre t Huijck t'hoUe,

Hof er m'hou's in hisse, ly Huyf !

Where there is food the Holy Wafer (the Friar) is
sure to be eternally going from one house to the other.
Their tune (cant) is you are ft^ heretick, (an infidel) ;
the Saxon in a rage replies, it*s he (you) that are a here-
tick. All ceremony is soon at end ; and it terminates
in a battle. The Countryman is brought into a court
of law, at once the Synod (ecclesiastical court of law)
summoned both the mad fellows before it. The court
signifies the intention of seeing which of the two mad
ieliows is in the wrong. Upon the question, the court,
instigated by a fellow feeling (in favour of one of the
same craft), pronounces in favour of the Hood (Priest).
The Countryman while not far from the Man in the
Gown (Friar) raves out to him, the Court being always
on the side of its favoured mignon (the members be-
longing at that time to the same class as the Priest)
whispers within to us, this gang of Cowl-men (monks)
should go to leeward at once (hung without delay).

OmotX wife, as the one who turned this piece of pastry into deified
flesh, or it may be as Omoel w\j. the wafer is for us, in reference to
its being swallowed only by the Priest and denied by the Catholick
church to the community, which was only allowed a sup of the cup ;
Im^jde, sounds, speaks, says, whence our Umd^ seemingly connected
with luydeUf the people, as that which speaks the sense of the pub-
lick, country ; er, erre, the pres. of erren, to err; dy, thee, to thee ;
kou, courteous feeling, courtsey ; hagge, the part pres. of haggen,
to fight together, to contend ; Send, Synod, ecclesiastical court ;
poyrU^ point, matter at issue ; ly^ leeward, blown irresistably away
from the intended course; Huyf, hood (Priest). Luyde, soundls
Iwe ; hun dij er, under ; ky jjle, hiU ; m*h(m*8j mouse ; Bye hagght
Send, sent, m*h\ile*r, miller; nae Uuyf, kn\fe ; m*hou*s, nunue ;
fHujfck, took; ly Huyf, life; by hagge ^ bag\ hqf, court; h no

NURSERY RHTMSS. 303

letter sounds of^ JVb, not; werretfwr; Huiyek, Gown, type of the
Friar.

82. — Wliat care I how black Ihe^

Twenty pounds will niarry me ;
If twenty worCt^ forty sJuill^
lam my mother's bouncing girl,

Waet, keer Hye, ho uw blaecke ! Hye bij,

rp » ■ • - - - --

The Sharp-One (Friar) says, convert! your belief
that heaven is for all will secure your being flared (burnt
in a blazing fire) ! The Saxon follows with, the Friar's
being crammed upon the place has let in that which it
abhorrent to us, let him take up his abode with those
who are mad in his own way. The Friar, to him with
whom it is an established certainty that Man puts up
in Heaven, is a disgusting object; let there be a total
finish of the set. The Saxon concludes with, my Pro-
vider is my own labour, my hereafter (other world) is
Heaven ; by him the telling him his next state is to
be one of torment is held a mere fraud of your own
getting up (your own humbug).

Waet^ sharp, acute ; bhecke^ the part. pres. of blaecken, to blaie,
to flame ; by^ immediately after ; aue* au, one, ott, that which turns
off or from, repels, revolts, is absurd, chiefly used as a prefix, and
in fact an old form of qf, of, off, from, whence the latin a, aby muaege,
is an absurd out of the way saying ; oulbolgig, abolgig, is an old term
for an absurd person, a wrongheaded talker ; ouwyse, auwijaey
awyse, dissonance, discordance, &c. ; mar. the imperative of nuuren,
maren, meeren, to abide, to remain with, the source of the latin
morariy in the same sense, and our to moor ; foeye, filthy, object of
disgust, with which our fy ! is a same word ; schie, entirely ; ael,
end, extreme, the last bit, the last thing seen ; tr', wie, he who ;
am, amme, nurse, mother, provider ; f , ^e,to. T* foment kie, sounds
twenty ; pije ou*nnd*», pounds ; mM^r hi} m*hij, marry me ; to*ho
*fint, wont ; foeyeW fhie, forty ; schie, shall ; my hye, my ; mf/ ho
fe*r *Sj motherU ; by h<m*a inge, bouncing ; gy er el^ gvr^i mar'ry
mar er, er, there. '

304 ABCHJioLeaT ov

83.— JJwjwy Wren/ell sick
Upon a merry time ;
In came Robin Red Breast ^
And brought her sops and mne.

Eat well of the sop Jenny ^
Drink well of the wine ;

Tha7ik you Robin kindly^
You shaU be mine.

Jenny site got well^

And stood upon her feet ^

And told robin plainly y
She lov'd him not a bit,

Robin being angry ^

Hopped on a twig^
Saying y out upon you,

Fy upon you bold foe" d jig.

Je in nie renD, fel sie ijck,

XJp hon er m'erre hij t'Hye 'm
In, Keye hemme ; Bobbin rede ; Bije rest,

Hiwd bij rouwt her ; Sops hand wye inne.

Hiet wij helle of de Sop je inne hie,
D'er incke wij helle of, de Wye inne.

T'hancke uw Eobb'in, Keye innd lije,
Uw schale, Bije m'hye mne.

Je inne hij schie, gote well !

Hand's t,hoed, up on her vied,
Hand t'hold ; Bobb'in plie ; Henne lije,

Schie loud, himme nut er Bije hitte.

Bobb'in, Bije inge, ansier hie

Hoopd on er te wie hijge,
Saye inge ho uit, up ho'n uw.

Foey, up ho'n uw, Bije holld, feeste j*hijge.

KURftJEAT EHYMIS. 30$

Don't run in, look fixedly at this fierce one ; up to him
and reproach him with his having introduced his super-
stitious stuff amon^ the industrious Saxons. Away
with you ! mutters the emboldened Cloddy. The Man
in a Robe (Friar) sermonizes him. The Saxon (Hus-
bandman) trembles at [repents of] what he has been
prompted to utter and it is soon made quiet betweeti
them ; the Friar's blessing is bestowed on the Cloddy
at once [the Friar's hand crosses him ; in allusion to
the form of the blessing given by the Catholick Priest,
which is by motioning his pointed finger in cross direc-
tions over the kneeling worshippers head!. The Saxon
says the Friar is the one who has introduced the con-
undrum that when we are off (for the next world, dead)
hell is decreed for us ; the false doctrine (heterodoxy)
that hell is to have the tormenting of us when we
are dead, is a mere thing hatched m the head of the
Friar. This affair of torment has been the pantry to
you [has been your provision] says the Cloddy. The
cup [chalice] is that which is your income ; hard work
the Saxon's. — ^The Friar at once comes in with, let the
water be poured over you (be christened, baptized, con-
vert) ! At once the Saxon applies his hand to the Friar'g
head (gives him a knock on the head by way of answer) ;
upon this a quarrel ensues. The Fiiar brings a suit on
before the Court of Hommage (the Manor Stewards
Court) ; the poor Saxon is the sufferer; applause follows
and a whisper, that the hot-headedness of the Saxon
has been a god- send to them (in relation to the fine
imposed by the court formed of members then necessa-
rily of the clerical class). — The Saxon stung by this,
says, the Friar is poverty heaped upon the one who al-
ready works hard enough for his bread. The Man in
the Stuff Gown (Friar) vexed by this exclaims in an
overbearing tone, when any of you die all chance for
heaven for you heathens is at an end (Heaven is all up
with you). The Saxon maddened at this calls out you
filthy Hog ! whenever you are all swinging on the gal-
lows (hung up) it will be a festival day with the hard-

2r

306 ARCBiBOLOGT OW

working Saxon (with him who works from mombg to
night for his bread).

llo66*tJi as the Saxon toubrimut for one of the Catholick Priest-
craft, is, I suspect grounded in tne dutch robbe (rabbit) as that which
produces the only furred skin fit for ornament known to the Saxon
of that day, and then used both for warmth and distinction, official
dresses, robes. The aumusie of the Catholick Canon is still a
furred tippet. Renn^ the imperative of rennen, to run ; felf rascally
looking, repulsively countenanced ; ijck, fixed, standard, mark : Aox,
the imperative of honen, to make game of, to upbraid ; erre, hete-
rodoxy, superstition ; 'm, tm, in, on, in ; rest, the pres. of reaen, to
«hiver, to quake ; nmwt, the pres. of rouwen, to quiet; $op, t'aop,
and top are a same word in the import of top, summit, head ; used
by the Saxon as a tvpical nick-name for the Friar, whose official
distinction was the shaved spot on the crown or top of his head, and
is still so in Catholick countries; see v. 1. p. 249.1. 13 of this
Essay and the note on the word Top ; wye, the pres. pot. of wyen,
to bless, to sanctify, to restore to holy favour; hiet, the past part
of hieten, to demand, to decree, to order ; hancke, market for meat,
butcher's shop, place where meat is to be had ; 8chale, achaele, cup,
goblet ; gote, liquid, water, drop, shower ; toelle, the pres. optative
of weUen, to pour, or boil over ; fUe, the pres. pot. of plien, to
ply, to apply to, in reference to some authority ; loud, the past. part,
of louen, to laud, to praise, whence the latin laus, laudis, laudare,
and french louer, (to praise) ; nut, profit, gain ; angler, distreis
from penury ; hoopd, the past. part, of hoopen, to heap, to burthen,
*to accumulate ; saye, stuff gown, that of the official dress of the
Priest ;/o«y, filth, dirty stuff ; /i^st^, festival day, feast day ;Je,
always ; hyge^ the pres. pot. of hijgen, to work hard. Je in hie,
sounds Jenny; renn, wren; sie yak, sick; m*erre hi/, merry;
tye*m, time ; Keye hemme, came ; by rouwt^ brought ; heet, eat ;
wy hell, well; t* hancke, thank ; Keye innd lye ; kindly ; *s fhoed,
stood; vied, feet; plie henne Ifje, plainly; nut, not; Byehitte,bit^
^angler hie, angry ; te wie higge, twig ; Joey, fy ; up hio*n, upon^
Bye hold, bold; feeste, faced ; fhijge,jig.

84. — There was a lady lov'd a swiney
Honey, quoth she ;
Pig hog wilt thou he mine f
Hoogh, quoth he.

ril build thee a silver stye^

Honey ^ quoth she,
^nd in it thou shalt lye

Hooghy qzioth he.

KVRSERT BHYMSS, 307

PinrCd with a silver pin^

Honey, quoth she.
That thou may go out and iny

Hooghy quoth he.

Wilt thou now have me now.

Honey? qv^othshe:
Hooghy hoogh, hoogh^ quoth he,

And went his way.

T'eer wo aes er leed hij lovd, er's Wye'n;

Ho ne hij quae, ho ijse, schie !
Pick ! hog ! w'ijlt t'hou, Bije m'hye'n !

Hog ! quae ho*s hij !

Yle bild ! t'hij, er, siel vere's t Hey hel ;

Ho ne hij qua^, ho ijse schie I
Hand in hitte, t'ho u, schie hael te ley I

Hog ! quae ho's hij .

Pije, *nnd wijse er siel vere pijn ;

Ho ne hij quae, ho ijse schie !
T'at t*ouwe mee Gauw uit. Hand in.

Hog ! qua^ ho's hij

Wije ijlt, t'ouwe n'ho uw, heve mij nae ouwe.

Ho ne hij, quae ho ijse schie !
Hog ! hog ! hog I quae ho's hij !

Hand wee'nnt, hisse wij ee.

Where there is provision ihe Saxon is promised a
penalty into the bargain, along with it he is sure to have
the Holy- One. This malevolent fellow says there is no
heaven for the Saxon, nothing but a state of horror
(hell). Cut oflf! hang up! the one who tells jrou that
your nature-bestowed belief of being to return to the
imseen One who sent you here, is a mere idle dream,
whips in the Saxon, foaming at what the Holy-One had
said. Hang him up, he adds, he is the greatest evil ia.

2r3

396 ABCHJMLOGT Of

the country. The Holy-One replies to the Saxon, your
idea of hereafter is the fancy of one out of his mind, I
tell you transmigration of soul, in regard to the heathen ,
is from here to hell. The malevolent fellow says,
there is no heaven for the Saxon, nought but a state of
horror. The self-dependent Saxon in a fury at this,
says we retain our faith of being to return to the One on
high for ourselves, and leave the furnace-concern (hell-
kettle) entirely for the use of the lazy one (Friar ; the
one who has nothing else to live by). Hang him up,add8
he, he is a great ev3 among us here. The Man of the
Cowl (Friar) says, here we have an instance presented
to us of a soul proper for torment (what he has just said
shows he is just the fellow for hell). The malevolent
one says, there is no heaven for the Saxon, but a state
of horror. The self-providing Saxon whips in, if this
Sly Rascal (Friar) was sent out of this place, people in
it would then have the due means of providing them-
selves. Hang him up, he is the curse of the place.
The Holy-One outraged at this, says, for you of this
Country there is no heaven for you, but as to me, after
this world, going on high is decreed to me. There is no
heaven for the Saxon but only a state of torment (hell).
Up ! Up ! Up with him (hang him, to the gallows with
him)he is the mightiest ciurse of this place. The instant
which tells us this curse is at an end, whispers to within
U8,you are your own masters again (you are as truly happy
as you were before he came amongst you).

Veer^ for ever, there ; leed, mischief, suffering, sorrow ; (ord,
the past part, of knen^ to promise, to make believe ; Wyiit ^oije,
Holy-One, Roman Catholick Priest; jnc/e, the imperative of
pickeitf to cut o£E^ to cut in two ; hogj the imperative of kogen,
noogen, to raise up indefinitely, more or less ; and applies equally
to heighth out of sight, and that just above the ground ; quaS^ qvaei,
kwaed, bad, malignant, as when we say he is a bad one ; siel, soul;
veref the part. pres. of veren, veeren, meren, to gu or cross from
hence to thence ; heyj heij heyde, heathen, homo agresHs, also heath,
wild place ; gchie, entirely ; hael, furnace, a Saxon's type for hell ;
leyt lazy, idle^ indolent ; pyn, pain ; heve, the part. pres. of heven,
io heave up, to lifton high ; the other terms are repeatedly explained

NURSERY RHYMES 308

before, Leed kij^ sounds Lady ; *a Wye^n^ swine ; quae hi} yacy
qnath and so does quai^ ho* a ; achie hael te, ahaU ; P{je *nnd, pinned ;
siel vere^ silver ; t*hou and t*ouwe, thou ; nae ouwc^ now ; wij ee^
way,

85, -^One-erf/, two-ery

Ziccary zan
Hollow-hone, crack a hone

Ninery ten :
Spittery spot

It must he done ;
Twiddleum, twaddleum

Twenty 'Oyie,
Hmk spinky the puddings stink.

The fat hegins to fry ;
Nohody at home, hut jumping Joan

Father, mother, and I.
Stick, stock, stone dead.

Blind man can't see.
Every knave will have a slave.

You or I must he lie,

Wije, ho*n er hij ; t'uw er, hij,

Sie ijck Ka, rijs aen !
Ho el louwe bonne, krack er bonne !

Neen er hie t'hen !
Spie hitte t e 'r hij spot;

Hitte mutse ! Bije done.
Te wie lijd de lije om, te wie had de lije oro,

T'wij ent hij wan.
Hie incke's Pije incke ; de Puijd d'inge's. Stincke !

Dief at begin 's t'u, verre ! hye !
No Bije hoed hie at om buete, je hompe ! inge ! joone !

Vaer t'e'r, moe t'e 'r hand Hye.
Sticke stok 's t'ho'n d'Heyde ;

Bije lye 'nnd m'aen, Ka 'nnt sij,
Ijver hie n'heve, w'ijle heve, er's leve ;

Uw o'er Hye mutse, Bije hij.

The Missioniu:y*s constant tune is the Saxon's belief

309 AECH^OLOGT 0#

that he is to end in Heaven, is heresy; let the Saxon
reply to him, it is you who are the heretick ! Should the
chattering Jackdaw put on a stern face, then piss upon
him. The conviction of this Country, that we all to re-
turn to our Maker, being the established law of it, let
the wrongheaded disturber of that belief be crushed at
once by it's people ; let us have none of the fellows who
call us hereticks. The spying out a scorching birth for
our hereafter is a pretty joke ! The Saxon then roars
into his ear, this bonfire hobby-horse of your*s has
turued your brain ! you are a curse to him who works
for his bread, a curse to him who has any thing of his
own, and we the stock on which you are the graft of
famine. The disorder of this place is the inoculation
of the Friar upon us ; it is the Pulpit- Man that is the
keeping of it in a state of distress. You Stinking
Fellow (in reference to the mendicant Monk's unlinnen-
ed, unshod, unshaved, omnivorous mode of life) !
robbery is the principle of your order, you hog ! you
torment ! the Saxon can hardly reserve his meal from
your clutches ! you slice-beggar ! you worrying one! you
impostor ! you terror and trouble to us all here. You
say the Heathen is created merely to be stuffed into a
cfJdron-stove when he departs hence ; he might tell you
he has had his full share of this caldron [oven] concern
by having you [the Jackdaw] brought in upon him. In-
dustry is no longer a maintenance for us, while wq
see the talking like a madman is a sure provision, and
the preaching eroundless superstitious nonsense a sure
livelihood. If once, says the Saxon, it was completely
over with this inamorato of the frying-pan system, thB
Industrious Man would be himself again,

JQckf fixed direction, a point, a inark ; r\J8, the imperative of
fysfn, to piss ; louwe, lauwe, law, rule, order, regulation ; bomie,
place, neighbourhood, country, suburb place, and is I suspect, the
BONE in mary-le-bone; which seems the travesty of mberhi&
LiJE BONNE ; q. e, the limit is there, passing over it is the country
(this is the confine of the town beyond it is the country, in relation
to London in the Saxon'i day ; meer, meere, limit, confine, teimi-

NURSERY RHYMBS. 310

nation, border ; lye, the part. pres. of l\jent lijden^ to cross, to pass
beyond ; meer hie lye, sounds Mary le ; Mary le hone, belongs to no
language in a literal sense ; kraeck, krack, the imperative of krack'
en, kraeken, to crack, to crush, to destroy ; er, superstition ; neen,
none, no ; spie^ the part. pres. of spien, spieden, to spy ; spot, fbn,
ridicule, play, game, whence probably our sport, as in to make spoft
qf a person, that is to make fun of him, to make game of him ;
ntutse, the part. pres. of mutsen, to be madly in love, to be bewil-
dered by fancy, of which mutse is the substantive, de mutse hebben^
is to be eaten up by love for the object in point ; wan, want, defici-
ency ; puifd, ^(/e, pulpit, type of the Missionary ; buet, buijt, booty,
spoU, prey, pillage ; Joone, the part. pres. of joonen, to deceive, to
impose upon ; stincke, the part. pres. of stincken, to stink ; begin,
principle ; verre, varre, boar, hog ; vaer, fear ; mo^, moeye, moede,
vexation, molestation; sticke^ the part. pres. of sticken, to stick in,
to stuff or cram in ; stoke, the part. pres. of stoken, to burn, to in*
cendiarize, whence our word stoker, as the one who looks after the
fire, now, I believe, only used in regard to the oue who watches the
copper fire of the brewery or steam-boat. Heyde, heathen; o*«t,
ever, over, passed from here to there, from this world to another,
type of dead person ; hece, nurse, feeder, provider ; leve, the part,
pres. of leven, to live. Vfije on and wan both sound one ; ho el
Imtwe, hollow; neen, nine; t*hen, ten; spie hitte, spit; t*e*r hy,
tery ; te wiehyd dt lye om, tw^ddleum; te wie had de life urn, twad^
dleum ; ditf at, the fat; verre hye, fry; no bije hoed hij, nobody ;
*st* ho *n, stone ; d heyde, dead ; by lye *nnd, blind : n^heve, knave,
where the k has no sound; s'leve, sUwe ; tmttse, must. obs. Mary-
le-hone, as it is now spelt belongs to no language ; and I have no
doubt is a corruption of the above phrase.

8C. — CrosS'patch, draw the latch
Sit by the fire and spin.
Take a cup and drink it up
Then call your neighbours in,

Kroes Pije at's, de rae de el at's,

Sitte by dief : Hye ere, hand's Pije'n.

T'ee ick er, Keye up. Hand, dij er incke, hitte up.
Then Keye hael, uw er, na hie borsse, in.

The Cup (Chalice) is that which is food to the Friar ;
the food of another, his main-stay, the proper habit of
a thief; let the labouring Sax on commit but the le
error the Friar persues him ^y^MSSI^^J^

^'■- '■ ■ •■^' ^^^^

!*■>

311 ABCHAOLOOT Of

is always calling us hereticks, let the independent Saxon
reply wannly to him, it is you that are the Heretick
here, and a curse to us into the bamiin. Away with
this Furnace-Man [this patentee of nell-fire, the Hell-
oven for Heathen-Soul baking], let us have done with
him who calls us Hereticks and is the cause of there
being no money in the place (in regard to the mendi-
cant friar's squeezing his livelihood out of them).

Kroes, cup, the Saxon's nickname for the chalice, of which the
Priest admits the Communicantit to partake, but not of the wafer,
which he keeps for his own swallow, as being according to his doc-
trine, an actual slice of the true body of the Saviour, and thus too
good for the vulgar, a tit bit for himself; at, food ; roe, main -sail,
main-stay-sail, type of the principal mean of going on ; sitte, habit,
fashion, custom ; ee, for ever, always ; tip, comes out with, says ;
kitte up^ says in a passion, hotly, with heat ; hael, furnace, oven,
type of the Friar's Hell ; borsae, purse, whence that word as well
as the french bourne, italian borsa and our own buraer, as the treasu-
rer or dispenser of a College. Kroes, sounds cross; P^e at* a,
patch ; de el at*s, the latch ; dUf Hye ere, the fire ; hand's Pije'n^
and spin ; fee ick, take ; Keye up, cup ; dyeer incke, drink ; hitte,
it ; Keye hael, coil ; ne hie barsse, neigkbours.

TO CORRECT.

Vol. 1. p. 255. 1. 1. for meere, read mare (fable).

Vol. 1. p. 255. 11. 2. 4. for garden, read gaerde*n (in the custody,
care, guardianship of, under the tuition of.)

Vol. 1. p. 257. L 8. for 'e» hu}f, read Hisse w*Huyf (the one of
those who wear, the Hood, the lawyer, then of the clerical
class, is heard to say.

Vol. I. p. 258. 1. 13 from bottom, for Raep pijn de boe pyn, read
Robb*in de Bo Bije'n (The man in the Gown, Robe, he who
when he is let in by the Saxon, eats, and drinks all he can get,
stuffs his guts full ; bo, filled to repletion by eating and drink-
ing).

Vol. 2. p. 289. 1. 13 from bottom, for kame, read Keye heme (the
fool's brain, intellect, mind).

OBS. Hand, hand, as that which fixes, holds, keeps together is the
source of the dutch ende, end, en, and our and, as the connect-
ing participle, that which keeps together otherwise disconnected
words or seittences.

KING, PBIRTER, BOOKBINDER, &C. ANDOVER.